大一上英语读写

Contents123456ActiveReading1EtiquetteofRestaurantComplainingListentothepassagesandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howtohandleacompetentbutaloofwaiter?2.Howtohandleafriendlybutpetentwaiter?WarmingUpItisunnecessarytocontactthemanagerifyou'vehadamostlypleasantdiningexperience.Maybethewaiterisonanoffday.Showyourpatience,andbehelpfultoremindthewaiterofwhatyouhaveordered.Ifyourhelpdoesn’twork,lethimknowandgivehimachancetofixit.Script1Script2HowtoHandleaCompetentButAloofServer?Othertimesyoumayrunacrossawaiterwho–thoughcompetent–isinthemidstofaTerrible,Horrible,NoGood,VeryBadDayandyourpleasureislowonhischecklist.Thesepeoplecangenerallypulloffanacceptableserviceexperience,despitebeingindifferenttohowtheycomeacross.Ibelieveitisunnecessarytocontactthemanagerifyou'vehadamostlypleasantdiningexperience–everyonehasanoffday.Justimagineifyourworstdayatworkwasmadeworsebythefactthatsomeonehad“toldonyou”totheboss.Andgranted,therereallyisn'tanyexcusefordoingone’sjobpoorly,butlet’sfaceit,sometimesitjusthappens.WarmingUpHowtoHandleaFriendlyButpetentWaiter?Thereisthepossibilitythatyouwillhaveawaiterwhoisaspleasantascanbebut–tryashemight–thepoorsoulreallyhasnobusinessbeinginawaiter.Thisfelladeservesasmuchpatienceasyoucanmasterbecauseheclearlydoescareaboutyouandyourservice,buthesimplyisn’tgoodatthejob.Theremaybeseveralcausesforthis:foremost,thepersonmaybenewandhasnotyetgrownintotheposition.Havingworkedinthebusiness,Iknowthatittakesalittletimetocatchtherhythminarestaurant–someverygoodserversstartoffrocky.WarmingUpOrmaybe,asmentionedabove,thispersonishavinganoffday,butsimplyisn’tlettingitgethimdown.Butlastly,thispersonmayjustbebadatthejob.Ifthisisthecase

–

Iassureyou

–

themanagerknowsandthispersonisprobablyonhiswayout.Myadviceistojustbeashelpfulasyoucanwhenyouthinktheservermayhavemissedsomething.Forexamplesaysomethinglike,“DidIorderFrenchfries,becauseIthinkImayhavesaidrice.”Eventhoughyouknowyouorderedfries,you’rejustnotcertainheknows.WarmingUpIfdespiteyourbesteffort,yourexperienceisstillmiddlingtopoor(maybethefoodwasn’tgoodeither)letthewaiterknowandgivehimanopportunitytofixitsincethatisonlyfair.Clearlythewaiteriswillingtotrytomakeyourexperiencepleasant,sogivehimsomedirectionsonhowtogetthere.WarmingUpTextDinneratJoanne’sDinneratJoanne’s1

Itwassnowingheavily,andalthougheverytrueNewYorkerlooksforwardtoawhiteChristmas,theshoppersonFifthAvenuewereinahurry,notjusttotrackdown

thelast-minutepresents,buttoescapethebittercoldandgethomewiththeirfamiliesforChristmasEve.Text2

JoshLesterturnedinto46thStreet.HewasnotyetenjoyingtheChristmasspirit,becausehewasstillatwork,albeitaworkingdinneratJoanne's.Joshwasblack,inhisearlythirties,andanagreeable-lookingperson,dressedsmartlybutnotexpensively.Hewasfromahard-workingfamilyinupstate

Virginia,andwasprobablyhappiestbackhomeinhisparents'house.ButhisdemeanorconcealedaHarvardlawdegreeandaninternshipinDCwithacongressman,ajuniorpartnershipinaNewYorklawfirm,alongwitharazor-sharpintellectandanabilitytothinkonhisfeet.Joshwasverysmart.Text3

TheappointmentmeantJoshwouldn'tgethomeuntilafterChristmas.Hewasnot,however,unhappy.HewasmeetingJoRogers,theseniorsenatorforConnecticut,andoneofthebest-knownfacesintheUS.SenatorRogerswasaDemocratinherthirdtermofoffice,whoknewCapitolHillinsideoutbutwhohadneverthelessmanagedtokeephercredibilitywithhervotersasaWashingtonoutsider.

Shewaspro-abortion,anti-corruption,pro-lowcarbonemissionsandanti-capitalpunishment,asfineaprogressiveliberalasyoucouldfindthissideoftheAtlantic.TalkshowhostscalledherHonestSenatorJo,andacoupleofyearsago,TimemagazinehadherintherunningforWomanoftheYear.Itwaselectiontimeinthefollowingyear,andthewordwasshewasgoingtorunfortheDemocraticnomination.RogershadmetJoshinDC,thoughthimhighlycompetent,andhadinvitedhimtodinner.Text4

Joshshiveredashecheckedtheaddressontheslipofpaperinhishand.He'dneverbeentoJoanne's,butknewitbyreputation,notbecauseofitsfood,whichhadoftenbeenmaligned,oritsjazzorchestra,whichhadaguestslotforawell-knownmoviedirectorwhoplayedtrumpet,butbecauseofthestellarqualityofitssophisticatedguests:politicians,diplomats,movieactors,hall-of-fameathletes,journalists,writers,rockstarsandNobelPrizewinners–inshort,anyonewhowasanyoneinthiscityofpowerbrokers.5

Inside,therestaurantwasheavingwithpeople.TheheadwaiteratthefrontdesklookedatJoshashecamein.Text6“CanIhelpyou?”7Joshreplied,“Yes,Ihavean...”8“Excuseme,sir,”theheadwaiterinterruptedastwoguestsarrived.“GoodeveningMissBacall,goodeveningMrHanks,”andclickedhisfingerstosummonanotherwaitertoshowthemtotheirtable.9“Now,sir...,”saidtheheadwaiter.“...doyouhaveareservation?”Heshruggedhisshoulders.“Wehavenosparetableswhatsoever,asyoucansee.”10“I'mmeetingaMsRogersheretonight.”Text11TheheadwaiterlookedatJoshupanddown,andasked,“MayIhaveyourname?”12Joshtoldhim,andalthoughthewaiterrefrainedfromcurlinghislip,hemanagedtoshowbothdisdainandeffortlesssuperioritywithasimpleflaringofhisnostrils.13“Letmesee,”saidtheheadwaiter.“Well,yes,wedohaveatableforaMsRogers,butwillshebearrivingsoon?”TextText14

Joshhadencounteredthisdoubtfultreatmentbeforebutwasnotintimidated.15

“I'msureshewill,”saidJosh.“Couldyoupleaseshowmetohertable?”16

“Comethisway,sir.”TheheadwaiterledJoshthroughtherestauranttoatableattheback,andpointed.17

“Thankyou.CouldyougetmeaMartini,please?”saidJosh.ButtheheadwaiterwasimpatienttogobackintotheheadyswirlofNewYorksociety,everyoneclamoring,orsoitappearedtohim,forhisattention.Text18

Thetablewasclosetothebathroomandrightbyahalf-openedwindow,apparentlypositionedwhereanicy

breezefromtheGreatLakes,passingdowntheHudsonValley,wouldenditsjourney.19

Suddenlytherewasamoment'ssilenceintherestaurant,onlyforthenoisetoresumeasintensewhispering.20

“SenatorRogers!”saidtheheadwaiter.“WhatagreathonoritistoseeyouatJoanne'sagain!”21

“Goodevening,Alberto.I'mdiningwithayoungman,nameofLester.”22

Theheadwaiterblinked,andswallowedhard.Text23

“Yes,Senator,pleasecomethisway,”andasSenatorRogerspassedthroughthecrowdedroom,headsturnedasthedinersrecognizedherandgreetedherwithsilentapplause.Inaclasslesssociety,RogerswastheclosestthingtoaristocracythatAmericahad.Albertohoveredforamoment,thenwenttospeaktoacolleague.24

“It'sgoodtoseeyouagain,Josh,”saidRogers.“Let'shavesomethingtoeat,thenI'dliketotalktoyouaboutabusinessproposition.”Text25Albertoreturned,benthalfdoubleinalmostlaughablehumility.26“Senator,asthistableissocold,sofortable,Iwaswonderingif...”27SenatorRogerswaitedandthensaidquietly,“Goon.”28“Iwaswonderingifyou'dlikeabettertable,inthemiddleoftherestaurant,soyouhaveabetterviewofeveryone.”Soeveryonehasabetterviewofyou,hemighthavesaid.“You'llbemuchmorecomfortable,and...”Text29

Albertopaused.SenatorRogerslookedaround.30

“Iagree,thisisn'tthebesttableinthehouse.Butyoubroughtmyfriendhere,andIguessthisiswherewe'llstay.We'llhavemyusual,please.”31

Aftertwohours,RogersandJoshgotuptoleave.Therewasafurtherflurryofattentionbythestaff,includinganofferbyAlbertotowaivepaymentofthebill,whichRogersrefused.Astheywereputtingontheircoats,Rogerssaid,“Thankyou,Alberto.Oh,haveIintroducedyoutomycompanion,JoshLester?”Text32

Alookofpanic,followedbyoneofdesperateoptimismflashedacrossAlberto'sface.33

“Ah,notyet,no,...notproperly,”hesaidweakly.34

“JoshLester.Thisisthelatestrecruittomyelectioncampaign.He'sgoingtobemynewdeputycampaignmanager,inchargeofraisingdonations.

AndifwegetthatRepublicanoutoftheWhiteHousenextyear,you'vejustmetmyChiefofStaff.”Text35

“Absolutelydelightedtomeetyou,MrLester,arealprivilege,I'msure.Idohopewe'llseeyoubothagaininJoanne'sverysoon,”saidAlberto.36

TheSenatorlookedatAlberto.37

“No,Idon'tthinkthat'satalllikely,”repliedSenatorRogers.38

RogersandJoshsteppedouttogetherintothecoldnightair.Ithadstoppedsnowing.乔安妮餐厅的晚餐1

雪下得很大，虽然每个真正的纽约人都盼着过一个白色的圣诞，可还在第五大道购物的人们却行色匆匆，他们不但要在最后一刻前挑选到心仪的圣诞礼物，还要避开严寒，回家和亲人们共度圣诞夜。Text2

乔希·莱斯特拐进了第四十六街。他还没来得及享受圣诞的气氛，因为他仍在工作着，虽说是要在乔安妮餐厅吃一顿工作餐。乔希是黑人，三十出头，长得平易近人，穿着时髦得体，却不华贵。他来自弗吉尼亚州北部，父母都是辛勤工作的人，或许只有回到父母家里才最让他感到幸福。单从他的行为举止，别人看不出他拥有一个哈佛法学院的学位，一段在华盛顿特区跟从国会议员实习的经历，还有纽约一家律师事务所初级合伙人的身份。他才华横溢，思维敏捷，聪明过人。Text3这次会面意味着乔希要过了圣诞夜才能回家了。他并没有因此而不高兴，因为他要见的人是康涅狄格州的资深参议员乔·罗杰斯，此人是全美曝光率最高的名人之一。参议员罗杰斯是民主党人，现在是她的第三个任期，对于国会山的一切她了如指掌，尽管如此，她还是尽力维持住了在她的支持者心中作为一位华盛顿局外人的信誉。她支持堕胎，反对腐败，支持减少二氧化碳排量，反对死刑，可以说是大西洋的这一边能找到的最完美的进步自由派人士。脱口秀主持人们称呼她“诚实的参议员乔”，几年前《时代周刊》提名她参加年度女性的角逐。明年就是选举年了，有消息称她将参加民主党内总统提名的竞选。罗杰斯在华盛顿见过乔希，她觉得乔希很有才干，于是就邀他共进晚餐。Text4乔希打了个冷战，他打开手里的纸条核对了一下地址。之前他没来过乔安妮餐厅，但对于它的鼎鼎大名却早有耳闻，倒不是因为这里的饭菜有多美味，其实这里的菜品屡遭恶评，也不是因为这里的爵士管弦乐队有一位知名电影导演客串吹小号，而是因为这里汇集了有头有脸的宾客，可以说是星光璀璨，他们中有政客、外交家、电影明星、载入名人堂的体育明星、记者、作家、摇滚明星、诺贝尔奖得主等等——总之，这里的每一位客人都是这座权力之城里的一个人物。5餐厅里面人头攒动。乔希走进来时前台的领班一直盯着他看。Text6“您需要帮忙吗？”7乔希回答说：“是的，我有一个……”8“对不起，先生……”看见有两位客人走了进来，领班打断了他的话。“晚上好，巴考尔小姐，晚上好，汉克斯先生。”接着他打了个响指招呼服务生带他们入座。9“好吧，先生，请问您预定座位了吗？”领班耸了耸肩，说道，“您也看见了，我们没有空余的座位。”10“我今天晚上要在这儿和一位名叫罗杰斯的女士会面。”Text11领班把乔希从头到脚打量了一番，然后说“请问您怎么称呼？”12乔希向他报了姓名，虽然领班好不容易才忍住没撇嘴，但他还是鼓了鼓鼻翼，显示出了他的不屑以及自然而然的优越感。13“让我想想。”领班说道。“哦，对了，我们的确为一位罗杰斯女士预留了一张桌子，可是她马上就到吗？”Text14乔希过去也有过被人怀疑的经历，但他没有被吓到。15“我肯定她很快就到。能烦请你带我去她的座位吗？”乔希说。16“那这边走，先生。”领班把乔希领到餐厅靠里处，指了指一张桌子。17“谢谢，请给我来一杯马丁尼，”乔希说。可那位领班还没等他说完就迫不及待地要回到纽约上层社会那令人陶醉的纷乱中去，至少在他看来，那里的每一个人都在召唤着他，希望得到他的注意。Text18这张桌子离卫生间很近，还紧挨着一扇半开的窗户，好像从五大湖刮来的刺骨寒风正好沿着哈得孙峡谷吹进来，在这儿结束了它的旅程。19突然间，餐厅安静了片刻，紧接着又响起了一阵热烈的窃窃语声。20“罗杰斯参议员！”领班喊道，“能在乔安妮再次见到您真是太荣幸了！”21“晚上好，阿尔贝托。我要和一位年青人吃饭，他叫莱斯特。”22领班慌得直眨眼，还咽了咽口水。Text23“好的，参议员，您这边走。”当罗杰斯参议员穿过拥挤的餐厅时，不断有人回过头来，他们认出了她，并默默地跟她打招呼。在一个不分阶级的社会里，罗杰斯可以说是离美国的统治阶级最近的人了。阿尔贝托在周围转了一阵子，然后走过去和一位同事说了几句话。24“很高兴又见到你，乔希，”罗杰斯说。“我们先吃点东西，然后我要跟你谈谈一份商业提案的事。”Text25阿尔贝托回到餐桌旁，深深地弯下腰，那谦卑的样子简直有点可笑。26“参议员，这张桌子太冷了，坐着不舒服，不知道……”27罗杰斯参议员等着他把话说完，她轻声地说道，“请接着说。”28“不知道您愿不愿意换张好点儿的桌子，到餐厅中央去，这样您就能看到餐厅里的每一个人了。”这样餐厅里的每一个人都可以看见您啦，他本是想这么说的。“那样您会觉得舒服得多，而且……”Text29阿尔贝托停了下来。罗杰斯参议员看了看四周。30“我同意，这儿不是屋子里最好的座位，但既然你把我的朋友带到了这儿，我想我们就呆在这里好了，上我平时点的菜吧。”31两个小时后，罗杰斯和乔希起身准备离开，这又引起店员们的一阵骚动，个个都主动来献殷勤，其中就包括阿尔贝托，他提出来要给他俩免单，但被罗杰斯拒绝了。他俩披上外套，罗杰斯说，“阿尔贝托，谢谢你。噢，我给你介绍我的同事乔希·莱斯特了吗？”Text32阿尔贝托的脸上先是一阵惊恐，然后又闪过绝望中的一丝企盼。33“啊，还没有，不，……还没正式介绍过。”他低声下气地说。34“乔希·莱斯特。他是我刚刚招收的竞选班子成员。他马上就要成为我竞选团队的副经理了，将负责募集捐款。如果明年我们把那位共和党人赶出白宫的话，你现在看到的就是我的白宫办公厅主任。”Text35“非常高兴见到您，莱斯特先生，非常荣幸，真的。我衷心希望很快能在乔安妮餐厅再次见到二位。”36参议员看了看阿尔贝托。37“不会了，我觉得没有这种可能了。”罗杰斯参议员回答道。38罗杰斯和乔希一起走进寒风凛冽的夜色中。雪已经停了。TextWords&Phrasesheavilyalbeitagreeablesmartlyupstatedemeanorinternshipprogressivecorruptionvoterdemocraticdemocratintellectrazordiplomathall-of-famesophisticatedstellartrumpetslotorchestracongressmanpartnershiprazor-sharpshivercompetentnominationheaveheavingpowerbrokerWords&PhrasessummonshrugwhatsoeverrefraincurldisdaineffortlessicyclamorswirlimpatientintimidateintimidateddoubtfulhumilitylaughablepropositionhoveraristocracyclasslessapplauseflarenostrilencounterdinerintensebreezewaiveflurryfortableWords&PhrasesweaklyrecruitdeputydonationrepublicanchiefofstaffWords&Phrasestrackdownthinkonone’sfeetknowsth.insideoutintherunningforcurlone’slip(s)Words&PhrasesFifthAvenue（美国纽约市的）第五街（以讲究时髦、阔绰著称）JoshLester乔希·莱斯特（人名）Virginia弗吉尼亚州（美国州名）JoRogers乔·罗杰斯（人名）Connecticut康涅狄格州（美国州名，位于美国东北部新英格兰地区）CapitolHill1（美国）国会

2（华盛顿特区的）国会山Words&PhrasesMartini马提尼酒（一种由杜松子酒、苦艾酒等混合而成的鸡尾酒）GreatLakes五大湖（美国和加拿大之间的五个大湖的总称）HudsonValley哈得孙河谷（美国东北部）Alberto阿尔贝托（人名）heavilyad.1)inlargeamounts大量地e.g.

1.Heisheavilyinsuredagainstdeath.他给自己投了巨额的人身保险。2.Hisbusinessisheavilyindebt.

他的公司欠了很多债。2)toalargedegree很大程度地；高度地

e.g.

1.heavilywooded,uncultivated,thinlysettledareas森林茂密、未经开垦、人烟稀少地区Words&Phrases2.Hiswordweighedheavilywiththejury.

他的话对陪审团发生重要影响。3.Theareareliesheavilyontheminesforjobs.

这个地区的就业很大程度上是靠着这些矿。3)ifyoudoorsaysth.heavily,youdoitslowlyandwithalotofeffort,especiallybecauseyouaresadorbored（尤因伤心或无聊而）行动缓慢地e.g.“Idon’tunderstandyou,”shesaidheavily.

“我不明白你，”她闷闷不乐地说道。Wordfamily:heavy

a.Words&Phrasesalbeitconj.(fml)

usedforintroducingacommentthatslightlychangesorreducestheeffectofapreviousremark,likeevenifitis/although…

尽管；即使

e.g.

1.Inflationcontinuestodecline,albeitslowly.通胀持续下降，虽然速度较慢。2.Itried,albeitunsuccessfully,tocontacthim.尽管未与他联系上，可是我已尽力而为了。Words&Phrasesagreeablea.1)(fml)pleasant,nice,orsatisfactory令人愉快的；惬意的e.g.Ifindheraveryagreeablewoman.我发现她是位和蔼可亲的女性。2)[~to]acceptableorabletobeagreedon可接受的

e.g.WoulditbeagreeabletoyoutoadoptthecustomarypracticethathasbeenusedintheSino-Francetrade?

我们采用中法贸易中长期使用的惯例，你能接受吗？Words&PhrasesAntonym:disagreeable

smartlyad.inastylishmanner

衣着整洁地e.g.1.Youmustdresssmartlyforyourjobinterview.

参加工作面试要衣着整洁（得体）。2.Asmartlydressedyoungmanislookingforyouatthedoor.

门口有个衣着整洁（帅气）的年青人在找你。Wordfamily: smarta.Words&PhenorthernpartofaparticularstateintheUS

（美国某州）北部的e.g.Helpsarrivedforsnow-buriedupstateNewYork.救援部队已经到达了被大雪覆盖的纽约州北部地区。alsoad.e.g.Wedrove150milesupstate.我们向北部开了150英里。Words&Phrasesdemeanor

n.[U](AmEfml)thewayyoulookandbehave

风度；举止e.g.

1.Hisdemeanourhasalwaysbeenthatofaperfectgentleman.

他的举止始终是属于正人君子的模样。2.Everybodywasconvincedbyyourbrilliantdemeanorinthemeetingtoday!

今天开会时你的风采让大家都折服了!

Words&Phrasesinternship

n.[C,U](AmE)ajobthatastudentorsomeonewhohasrecentlyobtainedadegreetakesinordertogetexperience

实习的职位；实习期e.g.

1.Herecentlyfinishedasix-monthinternshipatPuma.

他最近在彪马公司完成了为期6个月的实习。2.AttheendofthreeyearshefinishedhisinternshipandtookapositionwithaprivateclinicinLondon.三年后他的实习期满，便在伦敦的一家私人诊所里任职。Words&Phrasescongressman

n.[C](pl.congressmen)amanwhoisamemberoftheUScongress,especiallytheHouseofRepresentatives

（美国）国会议员，（尤指）众议员e.g.

1.Rumorsofcorruptiondishonoredthecongressman.贪污的谣言使那位国会议员蒙羞。2.Thecongressmanresignedafterhavingbeenfoundguiltyofbribery.这位议员被证实犯有行贿受贿罪后辞职了。Words&Phrasespartnership

n.1)

[U](business)thepositionofbeingoneoftwoormorepeoplewhoownacompanyaspartners

合伙（关系）；合股；合伙人身份e.g.

1.Sheworkedinpartnershipwithhersister.她和妹妹合伙经营。2.Joepromisedtotakemeintopartnershipinhisfirm.

乔答应让我成为他公司的合伙人。Words&Phrases2)[C,U]arelationshipbetweentwopeople,organizations,orcountries

（两个人、组织或国家之间的）合作关系，伙伴关系e.g.

1.Thetwonationsarebuildingaconstructivepartnership.这两个国家正在建立一种建设性伙伴关系。2.ThecompanyhasgoneintopartnershipwithSwissBankCorporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。Words&Phrases

razor-sharpa.1)

veryclever

非常聪明的e.g.Heiswell-knownforhisrazor-sharpmind.他以头脑敏锐而出名。2)verysharp非常锋利的e.g.1.

razor-sharpteeth锋利的牙齿2.Hisobservationsarerazor-sharpwhilehiswitmakeshistopicspalatabletohisreaders.他的观察力如刀刃般犀利，而他的诙谐使其话题为读者所喜爱。Seealso:

razor.Words&Phrasesrazorn.[C]

asmalltoolorpieceofelectricalequipmentusedforshaving(=removinghairfromyourskin)剃须刀；刮胡刀e.g.Anewrazorgivesacloseshave.新刀片刮得很干净。Seealso:

razor-sharp.Words&Phrasesintellectn.1)

[C,U]

theabilitytothinkinanintelligentwayandtounderstanddifficultorcomplicatedideasandsubjects

智力；思维能力；理解力e.g.Opinionisultimatelydeterminedbythefeelings,andnotbytheintellect.(HerbertSpencer)观点是完全由情感而不是由理智决定的。（赫伯特·斯宾塞）2)[C]someonewhoisextremelyintelligent

才智非凡的人；才华出众的人e.g.Hewasoneofthemostformidableintellectsofhistimes.他是那个时代的盖世奇才。Words&PhrasesWordfamily:ellectually

ad. anti-intellectuala.

intellectualpropertyn. anti-intellectualismn.Fillintheblankswithproperwords.1.Thereareveryfewcountriesintheworldwhere_________________runsashighinpopularcultureasitdoesintheUS.2.Anysongthatyouwriteisyour__________________.3.Asthedaughterofcollegeprofessors,she'susedtobeingaround__________people.4.About40percentofthestudentswerefoundtobe____________curiousaboutpolitics,artsandscience.Words&Phrasesanti-intellectualismintellectualpropertyintellectualintellectuallydemocratn.[C]1)

(Democrat)

amemberoftheDemocraticPartyintheUS

（美国的）民主党人e.g.TheDemocratupsetthegovernorintheelection.

这位民主党人在选举中击败了州长。2)someonewhosupportsdemocracyasapoliticalsystem

民主主义者；民主人士e.g.Heisjustwhatheclaimsheis,anaturaldemocrat.

正如他自己所称，他是个天生的民主主义者。Seealso:

democratic.Words&Phrasesdemocratica.

1)

(Democratic)

usedinthenamesofsomepoliticalparties（美国）民主党的e.g.TheDemocraticPartydidnothaveeasyvictoriesintherecentelections.民主党在最近几次选举中的胜利来之不易。2)basedontheprinciplethatallpeopleareequalandshouldbeabletoshareinmakingdecisions

民主的；民主管理的e.g.Hehasademocraticwork-style.他作风民主。Seealso:

democrat.Words&Phrasesvoter

n.[C]

someonewhovotesinanelection投票人；选举人；选民e.g.Thevotersshowtheiroppositiontothegovernmentbyvotingagainsttheproposal.投票人用投票反对该建议的方法表示他们对政府的反对。Wordfamily:

votev.e.g.1.Ifwecannotagree,let'svoteonit.

咱们意见要是不一致就表决吧。2.Heisvotedthesmartestinthefamily.

他被公认为是全家最聪明的一个。Words&Phrasescorruption

n.[U]

dishonestorillegalbehaviourbyofficialsorpeopleinpositionsofpower,especiallywhentheyacceptmoneyinexchangefordoingthingsforsomeone腐败行为；（尤指）受贿e.g.1.

Theyareplanninganewcampaignagainstcorruption.

他们正在策划一个新的反贪污运动。2.

Accusationsofcorruptionhavebeenmadeagainsthim.

对他贪污的控告已经提出。Words&PhrasesWordfamily:

corruptv.&a.e.g.1.

Thebusinessmanwassenttoprisonfortryingtocorruptataxofficialwithmoney.这名商人因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。2.Thisyoungmanwasinfluencedbybadpeopleandbecamecorruptwithoutbeingawareofit.这个青年受坏人引诱，开始堕落而不自觉。Words&Phrasesprogressive

a.1)supportingsocialandpoliticalchangethataimstomakeasystemfairer进步的；先进的；改革的e.g.Sheisthemostprogressivewriteroftheera.她是那个时代最进步的作家。2)developinggradually向前进的；发展中的e.g.1.

Successistheprogressiverealizationofworthygoal.

成功是一个逐渐实现有价值的目标的过程。2.Itwasaprogressivediseaseandhewouldsuffermoreandmore.病情逐渐加剧，他将忍受越来越大的痛苦。Words&Phrasesnomination

n.[C,U]anofficialsuggestionthatsomeoneshouldgetajoboraprize,orthedecisiontogivethemajoboraprize提名；推荐e.g.1.WhowillgettheRepublicannominationforpresident?谁会被共和党提名竞选总统呢？2.

ThesongbroughtheranAcademyAwardnomination.这首歌使她获得了奥斯卡奖的提名。Wordfamily:

nominate

v.e.g.Theboardnominatedhimasthenewdirector.董事会指定他为新董事。Words&Phrasescompetenta.capableofdoingsth.inasatisfactoryoreffectiveway能胜任的；能干的e.g.1.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybecompetentprofessionallybutcluelesssocially.(CET4-2003-12)一些公司现在面向那些胜任业务但不懂社交礼仪的员工们开设礼仪培训班。2.Ofalltheapplicants,themostcompetentpersonwillfillthevacantposition.这个空缺将由应征者中最能干者填补。Wordfamily:competencen.Antonym:petentWords&Phrasesshiver

vi.&n.1)vi.

ifyoushiver,yourbodyshakesslightly,forexamplebecauseyouarecoldorfrightened

（因寒冷或害怕而）颤抖，哆嗦e.g.Asuddengustofcoldwindmademeshiverallover.一阵突如其来的冷风吹得我浑身直哆嗦。2)n.ashakingmovementthatyourbodymakeswhenyouarecold,frightened,orexcited颤抖；打颤e.g.Thegruesomesightsentashiverdownmyspine.那可怕的情景使我的背脊发凉。Synonym:

shake

Words&Phrasesorchestra

n.[C]alargegroupofmusiciansusingmanydifferentinstrumentstoplaymostlyclassicalmusic

管弦乐队e.g.HeconductstheLondonSymphonyOrchestra.他指挥伦敦交响乐团。Wordfamily:

orchestral

a.Words&Phrasesslot

n.[C]1)ashortperiodoftimeallowedforoneparticulareventonaprogramortimetable（节目单或时间表上为某节目或排定的）一段短暂的时间；（广播节目等的）一档e.g.1.Igottoknowthenewsfromalate-nighttelevisionslot.我从一档深夜电视节目中得知这个消息。2.Viewers’letterswerereadoutinthisfive-minuteslot.

观众来信在这档5分钟节目中宣读。2)o

狭窄的通道；狭窄的空间；狭缝；投币口e.g.Heslidacoinintotheslotofthejukebox.他把一枚硬币投进自动点唱机投币口。Words&Phrasestrumpet

n.[C]amusicalinstrumentthatisacurvedmetaltubewithawideend.Youplayitbyblowingintoitasyoupressbuttonsonthetop.喇叭；小号e.g.Heblewhistrumpetontheway.他在路上吹着喇叭。Words&Phrasesstellar

a.1)(AmE)astellarperformance,achievement,pieceofworketc.isextremelygood

杰出的；优秀的e.g.Suchstellarachievementscouldnotbepossiblewithoutagoodworkforce.这些杰出成就的取得全靠优秀的员工。2)

relatingtostars星的；星球的e.g.Intermsofstellardistancesajourneyfromtheearthtothemoonwouldappearveryshort.从星际的角度来看，从地球到月球的路程是很短的。Words&Phrasessophisticateda.1)

knowingandunderstandingalotaboutacomplicatedsubject

老练的；精通的；讲究的e.g.1.Wearingasuitandtiecanmakeyoulookverysophisticated.

穿西装打领带让你看起来非常老练。2.Discussionandreflectionarenecessaryforasophisticatedresponsetoatext.讨论与深思对深刻理解文本来说是必要的。Words&Phrases2)complicatedandadvancedindesign

复杂的；精密的e.g.

1.Theyarebeginningtousethesesophisticatedimagestoplansurgicalproceduresindetail.他们开始用这些精密的图像来详细设计手术程序。2.Inmodernwarfare,mobilityandsophisticatedweaponsaremoreimportantthanweightofnumbers.在现代战争中，机动性和先进武器比人多势众更为重要。Wordfamily:sophisticate

n.

[C]

老于世故的人sophisticationn.

Words&Phrases

hall-of-famen.[C]1)

[singular](AmE)thegroupofpeoplewhoaremostfamousfordoingaparticularactivity

（某项运动、某行业等中的）杰出人物，名人，佼佼者e.g.VivienneWestwoodhasscaledtheheightsoffashion'shalloffame.薇薇恩·韦斯特伍德已经成为时尚界的杰出人物。Words&Phrases2)

(HallofFame)

aplacewherepeoplegotolearnaboutaparticularsportoractivityandthefamouspeoplewhodoit（纽约市的）美国名人纪念堂e.g.AllthreewillonedaybeinductedintotheHall-of-Fame,mostlikelyonthefirstballot.有朝一日，他们三人都将进入“名人堂”，而且极可能是其中的领先者。Words&Phrasesdiplomatn.[C]1)

anofficialwhosejobistorepresenttheirgovernmentinaforeigncountry

外交官；外交家e.g.Hisjobasadiplomatwasablindforhisspying.他担任外交官的职务是为了给他的间谍身份打掩护。2)

someonewhoisgoodatdealingwithpeopleinasensitivewaythatdoesnotupsetoroffendthem

有手腕的人，善交际的人e.g.Mybrotherwasbornadiplomat,withhisgiftindealingwithvariouskindsofpeople.我兄弟善于应付形形色色人，可谓生来就是善交际的人。Wordfamily:diplomatic

a.

diplomacyn.

[U]Words&Phrasespowerbrokern.[C]apersonorcountrythathasalotofinfluenceandusesittocontrolotherpeopleorcountries（有影响力、能操纵他人或他国的）权力经纪人Words&PhrasesPowerbrokerscandemandmorebenefitsincloselycontestedareasandpolicies.Theycanplaybothsidesandinfluencevotersforthehighestbidder(出价人).Thesebrokerswieldgreatinfluenceovervoterswhomaybededicatedtooneissuethatdrawsthemintotheelectoralprocessbutundecidedonothers.Hence,thebrokersmaintaintheirinfluencebydenyingloyaltytoapoliticalpartyorotherpoliticallabel.heaving

a.1)

(BrEinfml)verybusyandfullofpeople

热闹的；熙熙攘攘的e.g.Manypeoplecomeonboardwithbagsheavingwithduty-freeandotherbitsofshopping.许多乘客提着装满免税品和其它购物商品的包登机。2)movingupanddownwithlargeregularmovements

起伏的e.g.Thesunisrisingfromtheheavingsea.太阳正从波涛起伏的海面上升起。Seealso:

heave.Words&Phrasesheave

v.1)vi.moveupanddownwithlargeregularmovements

（有节奏地大幅）起伏e.g.Thebillowsheaveonthesea.