The Enemy Within英语阅读练习附答案

TheEnemyWithin英语阅读练习附答案TheEnemyWithin

Allergyhasbecomemoreandmorecommonoverthelast30years.Nowone-thirdofusareaffectedbyallergyatsomepointinourlivesandhalfofthesesufferersarechildren.IntheUK,threemillionpeoplesufferfromasthma,andfivepercentofchildrensufferfromfoodallergy.

Allergyisareactionthatoccurswhentheimmunesystemhasastrangeandunnecessaryreactiontoasubstancewhichisnormallyharmless,suchaspollenorpeanuts.____1____Todefendyourbodyagainstanattacker,theimmunesystemremembersthesedangerousmicro-organismsandattacksthemifitmeetsthemagain.Thisworkisdonebyantibodies.Theimmunesysteminallergysufferersmakesantibodiesagainstharmlesssubstances,becauseitmistakenlybelievesthemtobedangerous.

Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen（thesubstancecausingthereaction,suchaspollen,milkorstrawberries）。Sometimespeoplecaneatnutsforyearsandthensuddenlybecomeallergictothem.Whathashappenedisthattheimmunesystemhasnowdecidedthesubstanceisdangerousandhasmadeanallergyantibody.Thisantibodythenattachesitselftocells,whichcontainhistamine.____2____Astheydothat,thesurfaceofthecellsisbroken,andhistamineisreleased.Thehistamineandotherchemicalsinflamethetissues.Thisleadstothesymptomsofallergy,suchasswelling,rashes,sneezing,soreeyesandbreathlessness.Anaphylaxisisthemostsevereallergicreactionofallandismostoftentriggeredbywasporbeestingsorpeanuts.Thismustbetreatedimmediately.

____3____Somepeoplearebornwiththeabilitytomakelotsofallergyantibodies,andtheyaremorelikelytodevelopallergiesandallergicdisorderssuchashayfeverandasthma.

____4____Weeatmoreprocessedfoods,withawiderangeofadditivesandcolourings;moreandmorepeoplehavecentralheatinganddoubleglazing,makingourhouseswarmerandlessdraughty-anidealenvironmenttobreedthehousedustmite.

Theremayalsobealinkbetweenallergiesandantibiotics.Atonetimeourimmunesystemswerekeptbusyfightingoffdiseaseandtryingtowinthebattleforhealth,butantibioticshavereducedtheamountofworkourimmunesystemshavetodo.Nowexpertsthinktheymaydirectspareenergytoharmlesssubstancessuchasstrawberries.____5____

Agooddealofresearchisbeingdevotedtofindingacureforallergies.Sufferersmaybegivenmedicinetocontrolsymptoms,andtheymayalsobeofferedteststofindoutwhatsubstancestriggeranallergicreactionsothattheycanavoidcontactwiththeseinfuture.

词汇:

allergyn.过敏，过敏症

sufferern.患者，受害者

asthman.哮喘

substancen.物质

pollenn.花粉

micro-organismn.微生物

antibodiesn.antibody的复数形式，意为抗体

allergenn.过敏源

nutn.坚果

histaminen.组织胺，组胺

tissuen.人体组织

symptomn.病症，征兆

rashn.疱疹

sneezingn.打喷嚏

breathlessnessn.呼吸急促，气喘吁吁

anaphylaxisn.全身性过敏反应，过敏反应

waspn.黄蜂

stingn.蟄，咬

hayfevern.枯草热，花粉病

additivesn.添加剂，食品添加剂

curen.治疗，解药

解释:

1.sufferfrom……忍受^的熬煎

2.bedevotedtosth.……全身心投入于^

练习:

ATheimmunesystemistheretoprotectthebodyagainstoutsideattackers,includingviruses,bacteriaandparasites.

BInotherwordsourimmunesystemshavebecomeover-sensitive.

CAllergiesruninfamilies.

DInternationaldifferenceshavebeenassociatedwiththenumberofindividualswithinapopulationhaveallergy.

EWhentheantibodiesmeettheallergenthenexttime,theyattempttodestroyit.

FExpertsbelievemorepeoplehavedevelopedallergiesbecauseofchangesinourlifestylewhichhaveexposedustomoreallergens.

答案与题解:

1.A该是对机体免疫系统功能的介绍，而文中对免疫系统的首次提及是在该选项的上一句话，即描述过敏反应是免疫系统的活动，该选项故而可被视为是对上一句话的补充与说明。

2.E本题做题线索有两点，首先是上下文，本段前几句都是对抗体的描述与介绍，故与选项E主题相符，同时其次个做题点为规律挨次词，本段的第一句话中提到了Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen，而该选项中又有了thenexttime，这两个规律挨次词也构成了解题线索。

3.C该选项在文章的第四段，讲的是过敏反应在特别人群中的反应，选项C的意思为“过敏反应是具有遗传性的”，与该段后一句somepeople