2011年考研英语真题及答案

2011年考研英语(一)SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughter2 short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5 theway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter plishes7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11 oneclassicaltheory emotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted reactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry theyaresadbuttheyesadwhenthetearsbegintoAlthoughsadnessalso tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15 responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16 apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificials–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17 expression.Thosedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown, thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40TextThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedTommasiniregardsGilbertasanwhoisTheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeelsTextWhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtooWhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeingAccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWay[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.traditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentormerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetatrisk.Insuchacase,the’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobscssedwithonlineshopatcertainWebinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttoeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityenthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusinessrandomstronguserflexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinviteconstantswithpassionatecanbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercerdeserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijackedpersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyaboutAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.DominanceofhijackedPopularityofownedTextIt’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompleyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationandThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingrewardWelearnfromParagraph2celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesisWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartBThefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Liture,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeenOnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedto elessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.ThesubtleandinligentlittlebookTheMarketceofIdeas:ReformandintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.G→41.→42.→E→43.→44.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,concluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasaembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbut eit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindand\PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea ,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,a ’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwe eofwhatispossible.SectionⅢPart51.Writealettertoafriendofyoursmendoneofyourfavoritemoviesgivereasonsfor Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING”instead.Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)Part52.Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexinit’sintendedmeaning,giveyourYourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20旅程之“余2011年考研英语一答案及详SectionIUseof1-5 6-10 11-15 16- 解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵 转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。 短期的改变”。A.reflect“反映”，B.demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。Astabilizing意思是“安定，稳定”，B.boosting“促进，推进”，C.impairing“损害，削弱”，Ddetermining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是A.transmit“”，B.sustain“维持”，C.evaluate“评估”，D.observe“观察”，根据语境，只B.sustain生益处。Ameasurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C.affordable“负担得起的”，Drenewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”A.measurable作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A.Inturn意思是“轮流”，C.Inaddition是“另外”，D.Inbrief意思是“简而言之”B.Infact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。解析：语义逻辑题。第二段第二句的意思是说“45分钟内会降低肌肉张力”，跟上文中的“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉”A.opposite是正确选解析：语义搭配题。空格前后面是“ 肌肉”，A.hardens“使变硬”，B.weakens“减少tightens“是变紧”，Drelaxes“放松”，因为上文提到了“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了相反的作用”。“拉紧”D.relaxes，故正确。解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思是“这样的身体放松可能会帮 心理紧张状态的影响。”aggravate“加剧，”，B.generate“使形成，发生”，C.moderate“节制，减轻”，D.enhance“增加”，根据上下文语境，只能是“减轻心理压力”C是正确选项。解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的反馈来提高的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他反馈”，应该是和“笑”相A。解析：词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，应该是“根据一个经典的情绪理论，……”A.Exceptfor表示“除了……”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；B.Accordingto“根据，按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C.Dueto“由于，因为”后面跟一般原因，D.As解析：固定搭配题。berootedin是固定词组表示“来源于……”berooted跟其它选项不搭配使用， 心。”伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D.because。解析：词义辨析/although。although表示假设，让步。由上文提到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另一种情况“伤心也会在流泪之前”A.exhausts“使筋疲力尽；使疲惫”，B.follows“跟随”C.precedes“先于，表示在……之前发生(或出现)”；D.suppresses“；；抑制”，语义不符。解析：词义辨析题。由已知信息可知原文要表达“显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”A.into“入…………里B.from来自”表原因，符合表达需要，故为正确答案。C.towardsD.beyond“超出，超过”意思不符合，故排除。解析：词义辨析题。Afetch“取来”，B.bite“”C.pick“”Dhold“住”，根据上下文信息可知该实验要求用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支笔。hold的意思最符合。Adisappointed“失望的”意思最符合，B.excited兴奋的”，C.joyful“快乐的”，Dindifferent“漠不关解析：词义辨析题。Aadaptedto“变得习惯于……,使适应于……”，B.cateredto迎合，满足某种需要或要求”，C.turned……to“转向”，D.reactedto“对……作出反应”，根据原文表达需要“在有趣的动画片时……”D.reactedto。表情失望的人在有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富”，我们可以推断出一个结论A.suggesting表明，后接结论的句子，符合要求，故为正确答案。B.requiring“需要，要求”， C.mentioning“提到”，D.supposing“假定，假设”都不符合上下文语境，故排除。理行为可以使心情好转”，前后句解释的是同一种情况。A.EventuallyB.Consequently，都是作为“总结”的副词，D.Conversely表示“相反”，只有C.Similarly“相似的是”，符合上下文逻辑，是正确选SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextOneGilbert文第一段第二句“Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorable,和“Hooray!Atlast!”可知回应是积极的，因此正确答案是[C]receivedacclaim(得到称赞)。干扰项：选项[A]incurredcriticism招致批评)，选项[B]raisedsuspicion(引起怀疑)[D]arousedcuriosity(引起大众的好奇)，都不符合原文意思。TommasiniGilbert的评论：callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim”TommasiniGilbertanunpretentiousmusician。unpretentiousun(否定前缀)pretentiouspretentiouspretend(假装，)，那么可推出unpretentious是“不做，不虚饰或矫揉造作的”，答案[B]modest(谦逊的)意干扰项：文中提到，withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim，意思是“他没有指挥家那种强大的、令人敬畏的气势”，据此我们可以排除选项[A]influential(有的)和选项[C]respectable(值得尊敬的)。选项[D]talented(有才华的)在文中也找不到依据，故排除。自己选择听唱片/而不是听现场音乐会。第四段开头作者提到，devotedconcertgoers认为“不能代替现场表演”devotedconcertgoersaremissingthepoint(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害)Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺术品质。[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances(高估了现场表演的价值)devotedconcertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销”Theserecordingsarecheap，但是这个选项片面，没有概括性。选项[B]意思是“大多数种类演唱会”没devotedconcertgoersdevotedconcertgoers的描述Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance…存在误差。选项[C]recordings，作者主要在第四段加以论述。从第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere…”和第四段最后一句“thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought。”很容易推断出选项[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic(大众很容易就能得recordingsarecheap…veryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”可知选项[A]是错误的。选项[C]“他们帮助提高了音乐的品质”是对文中“Theserecordings…veryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”的曲解。选项[D]太过绝对，无法从文中推出。Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用是什么态度。文章最后一段，尤其是最后三句提到，“Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract。”“Gilbert与众不同的实质仅仅是增加了管弦乐队的，这是不够的”，“Gilbert和thePhilharmonic要成功，还必须做一些事情”Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用。故[A]干扰项：[B]项enthusiastic(充满热情的)和[C]项confident(有信心)为干扰项。[D]项puzzled(迷惑的)是不符合的，作者不可能对其论述的内容迷惑不解，故排除。TextTwo解析：细节题。题目问到“当McGee宣布他离开时，对他的态度可以最好的描述 。”文章首首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedeparted…,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup。”，即“当LiamMcGee离开时，他的解释是直率的”，后文具体描述时还提到，“Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaid…”，即“他不是用通常模糊的理由掩饰他的离开，而是坦率地说……”