2019版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit2Cloning(含解析)新人教版选修8

Unit2Cloning李仕才一、阅读理解。Kandareallydoesn’tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe’dratherdrive—eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone，likewithmywife，withmydaughter，”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”SoKanda，whospecializesinhuman-likebots，developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings，which，hehopes，mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Thebotrestsonaperson’sshoulderlikea，andis3.5incheswideand10incheslong.Amicrophone，aspeaker，andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It’sevenequippedwithasmile.Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations，includingagardenandashoppingmall，andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecificparkedcars，forexample，itmightsay，“Inabigparkinglot，sometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers，10malesand5females，whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion（蒲公英）seedsintotheair？”Therobotaskedaparticipant，whosmiledandresponded，“Yes，IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot’sweight，Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies，”hesaid.Justlikeahumanpartner，Kanda’sbotisn’tperfect.It’snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand，whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions，itcan’treallyholdaconversation，aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits，Kandawascomfortedbythebot’spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone，”hesaid，“particularlywhenitspoke.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人漫步的机器人。1.WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner？A.Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.B.Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.C.Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.D.Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.A分析：细节理解题。依据第一段的“‘Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone，likewithmywife，withmydaughter，’Kandasaid.‘Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人漫步的机器人的原由是想找个人在他漫步时陪他，应选A。2.Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave？A.Itcan“speak”and“see”.B.Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.C.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.D.Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.A分析：推理判断题。依据第二段倒数第二句以及第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...withavoice.”可推知，这类机器人能够说话还能够看，应选A。3.Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction？A.Asmallsize.B．Aboxyshape.C.Ahumanpartner.D．Aspeechsoftware.D分析：细节理解题。依据第二段倒数第二句和第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.”可知，这类机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特别的语音软件的，应选D。4.WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext？A.Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.B.Toimproveitsconversationalskills.C.Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.D.Tobetteritssoundsystem.B分析：推理判断题。依据最后一段第二句的“itcan’treallyholdaconversation，aboutwhichKandaismostworried”并联合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改良的是机器人的沟通技术，应选B。2二、单句语法填空1．Shewasforced________(retire)earlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.答案：toretirebeforcedtodo...“被迫做”；retire“退休”。2．Manylocalpeople________(object)tothebuildingofthenewairport.答案：objectedobjectto...“反对”。3．Itwon'tmakemuch________(differ)whetheryougotodayortomorrow.答案：difference由空前的much可知应填名词difference。makea/no/some/muchdifference表示“有/没有/有些/有很大影响/作用/关系”。4．Heoweshissuccessmore________luckthan________ability.答案：to;toowe...to...“把归功于”。5．Alcoholactsonthebrain,sodriversareforbidden________(drink)itwhentheydriveacar.答案：todrinkbeforbiddentodo...“被严禁做某事”。6．________(strike)bystrongsnowstorms,theareafacedaseverewaterandelectricityshortage.答案：Struck过去分词短语在该句中作原由状语。7．Thequestion________willtakehisplaceisstillnotclear.答案：whowho指引同位语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“的人”，从句说明question的内容。8．Theadvantageis________thecostofthismethodislow.答案：that设空处指引表语从句在从句中不作成分，无语义，只起连结作用，故填that。9．Ican't________(undertake)thatyouwillwinintheelection.答案：undertake由空前的神态动词can可知应填动词原形。Ican'tundertakethat...“我没法许诺”。10．Youcanusemycomputeroncondition________youreturnittomorrow.答案：thatonconditionthat...“条件是；只需”。三、完形填空。阅读下边短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项。OneSaturdayafternoon，mymotherwasdrivinghome.Onthehalfway，after__1__hercreditcardtobuysomethingatthestorenearthegasstation，sheputherwalletonthetopofhercarjustforamomentto__2__myphonecall.Andthen__3__，3sheforgotanddroveoff.Whenarrivinghome，sherealizedthatandthoughtthatthe__4__ofgettingitagainwassmall.Shewasso__5__surprisedwhenshefounda__6__onherdoorfromapersonwhosaidheandhisfriendfoundherwalletafewhoursearlier.PatrickandCatherinesawthewalletinthemiddleoftheroadafew__7__fromthegasstation.Theystoppedtheircarto__8__.Itwasfilledwithallthethingsoneusuallykeptinawallet，includingsome__9__andothercash，however，nophonenumber.__10__this，theymanagedtogeta(n)__11__frommymother'sdrivinglicence,andwithouthesitation，theydecidedtodrivetoourhometo__12__it.Whenmymotherwenttogetherwallet，shewasso__13__andgrateful.She__14__togivethemsomemoneyasa(n)__15__ofgratitude，buttheyrefused，sayingthattheywerejustgladto__16__mymotherhelp.Theywerenaturally__17__，andtheyhadfirm__18__intheGoldenRuleaswell.Theydrovetoourhomebecausetheyrealizedtheunpleasantandupsetexperiencethelossofawalletandallitscontentscould__19__.Ithinktheywerereally__20__andhelpful.1．A.pullingoutB．applyingforC．payingforD．makingout2．A.makeB．answerC．hearD．send3．A.carefullyB．ridiculouslyC．obviouslyD．deliberately4．A.amountB．expectationC．thoughtD．chance5．A.curiouslyB．joyfullyC．willinglyD．strangely6．A.signB．signalC．noteD．postcard7．A.stopsB．hoursC．squaresD．blocks8．A.pickitupB．lookitupC．takeitoutD．putitout9．A.picturesB．envelopesC．billsD．napkins410．A.InsteadofB．DespiteC．WithoutD．Beneath11．A.numberB．photographC．addressD．index12．A.getB．checkC．exchangeD．return13．A.upsetB．relievedC．fortunateD．warm-hearted14．A.intendedB．advisedC．demandedD．instructed15．A.feelingB．moodC．presentD．expression16．A.offerB．shareC．trustD．seek17．A.honestB．selfishC．frankD．creative18．A.courageB．faithC．supportD．devotion19．A.fulfillB．ignoreC．valueD．cause20．A.ambitiousB．civilizedC．politeD．considerate【解题导语】本文是一篇记述文，主要叙述了作者的母亲丢掉了钱包，两位好意人拾到了钱包，并将它送还给母亲的故事。【核心词汇】pullout拿出，拉出obviouslyadv.显然地chancen．时机，可能性intendvt.打算considerateadj.考虑周祥的1．A依据下文的“sheputherwalletonthetopofhercarjustforamoment”的提示可知，此处指母亲拿出她的信誉卡去购置一些东西。pullout“拿出，拉出”；applyfor“申请”；payfor“支付”；makeout“理解”。2．B为了接听作者的电话，作者的母亲把钱包放在车顶一会儿。answer“回答，接听”。3．C依据下文的“sheforgotanddroveoff.Whenarrivinghome,sherealized”的提示可知，此处指“显然地”。carefully“认真地”；ridiculously“荒唐地”；obviously“显然地”；deliberately“成心地”。4．D当母亲到家的时候，她意识到了这件事，并且以为再次获得它的可能性很小。5amount“数目”；expectation“希望”；thought“想法”；chance“时机，可能性”。5．B依据空后的“whenshefounda__6__onherdoorfromapersonwhosaidheandhisfriendfoundherwalletafewhoursearlier”的提示可知，母亲感觉既快乐又诧异。curiously“好奇地”；joyfully“快乐地”；willingly“愿意地”；strangely“奇异地”。6．C母亲发现门上有一个条子。sign“迹象”；signal“信号”；note“条子”；postcard“明信片”。7．D依据“PatrickandCatherinesaw...Theystoppedtheircarto__8__”的提示可知，Patrick和Catherine在离加油站几个街区远的路中间发现了这个钱包，他们停下车捡起了它。stop“车站”；hour“小时”；square“广场”；block“街区”。8．A拜见上题分析。picksth.up“捡起某物”切合语境。9．C依据上文的“Itwasfilledwithallthethingsoneusuallykeptinawallet”的提示以及知识可知，钱包里有一些账单和其余的现金。picture“画，照片”；envelope“信封”；bill“账单”；napkin“餐巾”。10．B依据“however,nophonenumber.__10__this,theymanagedtogeta(n)__11__frommymother'sdrivinglicence”的提示可知，钱包里面没有电话号码，只管这样，他们仍是从母亲的驾照上获得了一个地点。insteadof“取代”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”；beneath“在下边”。11．C拜见上题分析。number“数字”；photograph“相片”；address“地点”；index“索引”。12．D他们绝不踌躇地开车到达我们家把钱包送还给了母亲。get“获得”；check“检查”；exchange“互换”；return“送还”。13．B当母亲去拿钱包的时候，她感觉特别欣慰和感谢。upset“丧气的”；relieved“欣慰的”；fortunate“好运的”；warm-hearted“热情的”。14．A依据上文的“Whenmymotherwenttogetherwallet，shewasso__13__andgrateful”的提示可知，母亲打算给他们一些钱来表示感谢。intend“打算”；advise“建议”；demand“要求”；instruct“指导，说明”。15．D拜见上题分析。feeling“感觉”；mood“情绪，心情”；present“礼品”；expression“表达，表示”。16．A可是他们拒绝了，他们说他们很愿意给母亲供给帮助。offersb.sth.“供给某人某物”。17．A他们表现自然，很诚实。honest“诚实的”；selfish“自私的”；frank“坦率的”；creative“有创建力的”。18．B并且他们关于黄金规则也有着坚定的信心。havefaithinsb./sth.意为“对6某人或某物有信心”。19．D依据空前的“becausetheyrealizedtheunpleasantandupsetexperiencethelossofawalletandallitscontentscould”的提示可知，他们意识到了失掉钱包和钱包里的全部东西可能会惹起的令人不快乐和烦忧的经历。fulfill“实现”；ignore“忽略”；value“重视”；cause“惹起”。20．D依据“Theydrovetoourhome...itscontentscould__19__...andhelpful”的提示可知，作者以为他们真的是考虑周祥并且乐于助人的。ambitious“有野心的”；civilized“文明的”；polite“有礼貌的”；considerate“考虑周祥的”。四、单句改错1．Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedintheonehetoldhismother.____________________________________________________答案：in→fromdifferfrom...“和不一样”。2．Owedtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine._____________________________________________________答案：Owed→Owingowingto...“因为；因为”，为固定用法。3．Itsuddenlystrucktomethatweshouldmakeanewplan._____________________________________________________答案：去掉toItstrikessb.that...“某人忽然想起”。4．MymothermakesapromiseifIpassedtheexam,shewouldbuymeawatch.____________________________________________________答案：promise后加that该句为that指引的同位语从句，that虽不作成分，但也不能省略。5．Encouragingbythespeech,theyoungmanmadeuphismindtotakeupthestruggle.____________________________________________________答案：Encouraging→Encouraged主语theyoungman与encourage之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。五、短文改错Asisknowntoweall,America’snationalpastimeisbaseball.Ithasplayedinthiscountrysincethefirstsettlersarrive.Itwasanationalballwhatwaslikedbyma