高考英语阅读理解一轮练(含解析)

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（1）李仕才ACareercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler(

学步的少儿)yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisnscientistshavediscovered.Whilemostchildrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorby

’tchallenged,adulthood,astudyfoundthosewhohad

“callousunemotional(

冷淡无情的

)characteristics”couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterincharacteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldyearson.LukeHyde,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityof

life.BehaviorhaveanimpactMichigan,said,“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutfor,astheymaysignalmorethanjusttheterribletwos.”Hesaid,“Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildandprovidetheirchild’sgenessoit’sbeendifficulttoknowifwe’reseeingthatparentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviors,orifitisjustasignofthegenesbeingpassedtothechild.”Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopmentofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythatexaminedbiologicalmothers’antisocialbehavior.Thescientistsfoundchildrenofantisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristics,despitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.“Thereallyexcitingtake-homemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmall,day-to-daypositiveinteractions(互动)thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakeahugedifferenceinchildren’sdevelopment,’’saidLeslieLeve,aprofessorattheUniversityofOregonwhoco-ledthedatacollection.“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited(遗传)averychallengingsetofbehaviors,hearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemscomingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties,”headded.Thestudy,workedonbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichigan,PennStateUniversityandtheUniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Kids’socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.2.Whatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudy?A.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.B.Thegenesdecidekids’antisocialbehaviors.C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids’antisocialbehaviors.B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents’characteristics.C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers’activeinteractionswithkids.D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids’processofgrowing?A.Tomakesureifkids’behaviorswilllast.B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.C.Todetermineifkids’behaviorswillbeinherited.D.Todetermineifparents’comfortwillprotectkids.【文章粗心】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯法的道路，踊跃的育儿方式能够减少孩子的反社会行为。1.C【分析】要旨粗心题。依据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddleryearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallenged,scientistshavediscovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯法的道路，故C项正确。223.D【分析】推理判断题。依据第五段中的“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited(遗传)averychallengingsetofbehaviors,hearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemscomingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”可知，踊跃的育儿教育能够减少孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。4.A【分析】细节理解题。依据最后一段中的“Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为能否会连续下去，故A项正确。B(2015·重庆一中一诊)Basedonnewanalysis，wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcouldbequitesevere.Geographerspredictthatwithinthenexteightyyears，currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecouldcompletelydisappear.Polarregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgetevenhotter，forcinganimalstomigrate(迁移)north.Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.Tropicalstormsandhurricaneswillnotonlyincreasebutmayalsobecomemoreintense.Ifthechangescometooquickly，animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.AccordingtoScienceDaily，anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100，manyoftoday’sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday’sworld.Itisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthewhole，aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008，thousandsdied3inChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.Egyptwashitin2009withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake.Withinjustthelastfewmonths，newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslythought.Atthispoint，itdoesn’tmatterwhatiscausingit，butrather，whatcanbedoneaboutit.What’smore，ourworldisgettingandthreatofwareverywhere.Natural

moreandmoreunstableeveryyear.Thereiswardisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenthis.Nooneknowsanythingforsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来天气的变化对人和动物的生计环境的影响。1．WhatisthemajorfunctionofParagraph1?A．Toarousethereader’sconcern.B．Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.C．Tosummarizethewholepassage.D．Tostatehowclimatechanges.分析：选B。推理判断题。依据第一段第一句“Basedonnewanalysis，wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcouldbequitesevere.”可知，最新研究数据表示，世界的天气变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是环绕天气变化对社会和环境详细的影响而睁开的，由此可推知，第一段主假如介绍文章的主题。应选B项。2．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakes?A．Toshowmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet.B．Toremindpeopletopreventfutureearthquakes.C．Toshowthedamageearthquakescaused.44D．Totellusmoreearthquakeswillhappeninthefuture.分析：选A。细节理解题。依据第三段第三句“Theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange.”可知，列举近来地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生侧重要变化。应选A项。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofclimatechanges’effects?A．Animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.B．Itcouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.C．Currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandcompletelydisappear.D．Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.分析：选C。细节理解题。依据第一段第二句“Geographerspredictthatwithinthenexteightyyears，currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecouldcompletelydisappear.”可知，地理学家估计在未来的八十年中，此刻的世界天气带可能会改变，有的可能会完整消逝，C项中说世界天气带可能会变化并会完整消逝，与文中描绘不符，故C项错误；依据第二段第一句“Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.”可知，B项正确；依据第二段最后一句“Ifthechangescometooquickly，animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.”可知，A项正确；依据倒数第二段最后一句“Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.”可知，D项正确。应选C项。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Animalsandplantswon’tdieoutaslongasclimatechangesslowly.B．There’senoughdataforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.C．Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseofanimalmigration.D．Theearthisnottheonlyplanetthatisexperiencingclimatechange.分析：选D。推理判断题。依据最后一段第一句“However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenthis.”可知，地球其实不是独一一个在经历天气变化的星球。应选D项。5CWalkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.Moreandmorelocalsmallfarmsarepopping_upinoppositiontofactoryfarms.Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimagethatcomestomindwhilehappilysingingalongto“OldMcDonald”.Instead,mostofthenation'sfoodcomesfromCAFOs,ConfinedAnimalFeedingOperations,whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditionsastheyarefattenedupandreadiedtobekilledforfood.Fortunately,knowingexactlywhereone'sfoodcomesfromhasledtoanincreaseintheavailabilityofwhatisknownas“grassfed”beef.Technically,allcattlearegrassfedforatleastalimitedamountoftime,butwhatmakesthemeatsignificantisthatitisgrassfinished,notforcefedcorn,soyorgrains.Thischangeindietmakesallthedifferencesincecornisnotpartofthecow'straditionaldiet,andthereforecausesmajorhealthissuesforit.Todealwiththehealthissues,antibiotics(抗生素)areusedandsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans,sotheycandecreasetheeffectivenessofmedicinewhenaconsumerissick.Ahealthierdietforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcalories.Andwhencookinggrassfedbeef,you'dbetteruseaslightlylowertemperaturetomakeitmoredelicious.文章粗心：本文是一篇谈论文。为了应付机械化农业的缺点，愈来愈多的小农业开始兴隆起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不单丰富了人们的每日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。1．Theunderlinedwords“poppingup”(inthe1stparagraph)probablymeans________.A．improvingB．fadingC．profitingD．appearing答案：D词义猜想题。依据文章第一句中“andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailable”可知，此刻有更多的当地小农场饲养的动物可知足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地出现了愈来愈多小农场，由此可知，appear与popup意思最为靠近，故答案D切合文义。2．Thesong“OldMcDonald”describes________.A．animalsraisedfreelyonlocalfarmsB．animalskeptintightlyenclosedconditionsC．commercialfarmsprovidingfastfood66D．commercialfarmsprovidingunpopularfoods答案：A推理判断题。依据文章第二段第一句“Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimage...”的提示和下文对商业农场饲养动物的方法的描绘可知，thesong“OldMcDonald”所描绘的饲养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A切合文义。3．Somemedicinesarelesseffectiveforbeefconsumersprobablybecause________.A．somecattlefeedongrainsB．allcattledietongrassC．somemedicinesareusedtotreatsickcattleD．someantibioticsareusedbybothcattleandpeople答案：D细节理解题。依据文章第三段最后一句中“andsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans...”可推知，答案D切合文义。4．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．foodfromlocalfarmscanhelpaddtothevarietyinourdailymealsB．soyorgrainsareonthelistoftraditionaldietsofthecattleC．cornforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcaloriesD．lowertemperaturemakesgrassfedbeefmoredelicious答案：A推理判断题。依据文章第一段第一句“Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食品能够丰富我们的每日三餐”切合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不切合题意，故清除。D(2016·贵阳高三适应性监测一)ChooseyourwishlistIt’snormalforanystudent’scollegewishlisttochangethroughouthighschool.Butwhenitcomestimetoapply，manyseniorshaveahardtimenarrowingdowntheirchoices.There’snohardandfastanswer，butthereareseveralthingsyoucandoandaskyourselftomakethedecisioneasier.Herearethreepiecesofadvicethatmighthelp.DoyourresearchAboveall，it’simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.Whatdoyouexpect7fromyoureducation？Whatareyouwillingtogiveup?VeronicaHauad，seniorassociatedirectorofadmissions(录取)attheUniversityofChicagointheUS，saidstudentsshouldstartbytakingtimetofigure_outthosequestions.“Findthethingthat’smostimportanttoyou，andthenyoucanstartsearchingonthatfactorandsortthingsoutlater，”Hauadsaid.Don’tfocusonrankingsIt’seasytofocustoohardonschoolrankings，butdon’tletthatmakeyourdecisionforyouwhenyou’relookingatcolleges.Inthelongrun，rankingsprobablywon’thaveabigeffectonyoureducation.It’sOKtolookatrankings，butdon’tobsess(过于执着onatoplist，thinkofitasanextrapleasure.ThinkaboutyourfutureHere’sanimportantquestiontoaskallofthecollegesonyourlist：Howmanyofyourstudentsfindjobsaftergraduation？AnIvyLeagueschoolmaylookgoodonanapplication，butwhatwillthecollegedotohelpyoufindajob?Studentsshouldalsomakesurethey’regoingtocollegefortherightreasons.UniversityofIllinoissophomore(二年级学生)SteveWangsaidhehasmetstudentswhoaren’tlookingatthebiggerpicture.“Iseealotofstudentswhogotocollegeforthesakeofthecollegeexperience—notforahighereducation.”Wangexplained.“Sopeopleshowupandspendalotoftimeatpartiesandnotreallypayingattentiontoschoolwork.That’snotreallywhatcollegeisfor.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者向那些准备申请大学的高中生供给了三个建议：一是做好有关检查；二是不要太执着于大学的排名；三是考虑自己的未来。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“figureout”probablymean?A．Letout.B．Lookout.88C．Makeout.D．Checkout.分析：选C。词义猜想题。画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思虑的问题，依据逻辑关系可知，VeronicaHauad以为学生应当花些时间弄清楚那些问题，由此可推知，figureout的意思应为“弄清楚”，makeout的意思也为“弄清楚”。故答案选C。letout意为“使出来，使(火)熄灭”；lookout意为“当心，注意”；checkout意为“结账走开”，均不切合文意。2．Whenyouapplytoacollege，youshould________.A．findoutwhatyoureallywantB．choosethebestknowncollegeC．considerthethingsyoucandoD．quitachanceforfurtherstudy分析：选A。推理判断题。依据作者给马上步入大学的高中生所供给的三个建议的内容，特别是第三段第一句“Aboveall，it’simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.”可知，高中生在申请大学时必定要做好有关检查，弄清楚自己的真实需求，不要太执着于大学的排名，要为自己的未来考虑，选那些能真实吸引自己的大学。A项切合题意。故答案选A。3．SteveWangspendshismaintimeon________.A．takingphotosB．schoolworkC．partiesD．killingtime分析：选B。推理判断题。在最后一段中，SteveWang以为好多学生到达大学，不过为了有上大学的经历，而不是为了接受更高的教育，拥有这类想法的学生会常常参加聚会而不把主要精力放在学业上。由SteveWang的话可推知，他不赞成这类做法，故他的时间应当主假如花在学业上的。故答案选B。4．Whatisthetextmainlyfor?A．Researchers.B．Educators.C．Applicants.D．Sophomore.分析：选C。推理判断题。依据文章前两段内容可知，这篇文章是给那些马上高中毕业、9准备申请大学的学生供给的一些建议。故答案选C。EFormerNationalFootballLeagueplayerandchildren’sauthorTimGreenhasaddedanotherbooktohislistofaccomplishments:Unstoppable.Thebooktellsthestoryofa12-year-oldboynamedHarrison,whosurviveslifeinacruelfoster-homebeforehefinallyfindsalovingfamily.Oncehesettlesinandrealiseshisnaturalfootballability,tragedystrikesagainandheloseshislegduetoadeadlybonecancer.UnstoppablefollowsHarrison’sincrediblejourneyashefacesmanychallengesinhislife.TimGreensaidhedecidedtowriteanovelaboutakidfacingcancerafterwatchinghowhiswifefoughttosurviveherownillness.“HermentalandphysicaltoughnessweremoreheroictomethananythingI’deverseeninthenationalsportsleagues,”GreentoldTFKKidReporterZacharyJ.Lewis.Afterwatchinghiswife’sbattle,Greensaid,heknewheneededtowriteaboutapersonwhostruggledthroughaseriousillness.Butbecausethetargetageforhisbooksistheteen,heneededtotellthestorythroughtheeyesofsomeoneinthatage.WhenfriendsintroducedGreentoJeffreyKeith,Greenknewhehadfoundtherightpersontohelphim“capturetheheroismthatittakestofightcancer”.Cancer-survivorJeffreyKeithlosthislegattheageoftwelve,butwentontobethegoalie(守门员)fortheBostonCollegeDivision1Lacrosse(长曲棍球)Teamandwasalsothefirstamputeetorun3,300milesacros