2012年考研英语一真题答案及详解

2012年考研英语SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshave eanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstill_9_betweenthecourtandTheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialdecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.

[D] [D] [D]

[D]5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.[D]re13.14.15.16.18.

[C]ina [D]asaSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Comeon–Everybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobea throughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafeamongtheirpeers.critiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthnsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardnaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownAccordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialastimulustogroupanobstacletoschoolacauseofundesirableRosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocateslearnfromadvertisers’stayawayfromcommercialrecognizethelimitationsofIntheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsadequayprobesocialandbiologicaleffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffectParagraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksofwillmisleadbehavioraloccurswithoutourrealizingcanproducenegativehealthTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureisAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thehasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.It’sastunningmove.Thehasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.toseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionofthent’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thewentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthemademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Nowtheissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdoVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.TheseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearntisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thehasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthe’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningByenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedseekfavorfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicensegetpermissiontopurchaseapowerAccordingtoParagraph4,EntergyseemstohaveproblemswithfinancialbusinessIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewillEntergy’scapacitytofulfillallitsthematureofstates’patchworkthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesthelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphEntergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbetheauthorityoftheNRCwillbeEntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthIntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldthescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now esthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingOnceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureoftheactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblypanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,the ction betweensharedcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scredibleTwoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.Littlereward paniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.SometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocesscorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofAccordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryuncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessandItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessstrictinspection.[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.Paragraph3showsthatadiscovery escredibleafterhasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.AlbertSzent-Györgyiwouldmostlikelyagreescientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleoftheNoveltyasanEngineofScientificCollectiveScrutinyinScientificEvolutionofCredibilityinngScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoIfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.canshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepeyeonschools,theOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keethepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfacedoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandtheoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.[D]theernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraphPublic-sectorunionsareprudentintakingEducationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionLaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatthe einthestatesectoris[D]fairlyadjusted.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantinthe JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneofPartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeronewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourinYouaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcomeThesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)thatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyareng.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,liture,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.evisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardestthatevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersOfcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimaywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.Applicationslike wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningNotonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whose ewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.ThechallengethecomputermountstoevisionthusbearsyersbeingrecedbyCDyers.Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-evision-andevisionisdefinedbyThenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianframework.(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.It inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorynonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversal(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrrsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggestedthathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitionsufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachlanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraintsGrayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfour languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrrshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytracked Greenbergianuniversalitypredicts thesepatternsisborneoutbytheysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelireage-specificandnoternedbyuniversalsSectionIIIWritingPartA51.aninthenameoftheStudents’Uniontoextend eprovidesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifenameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)PartB52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20SectionⅠUseof2012年的完型填空是有关司和政治关系的一篇文章，出自NewYorkTimesJune30th2011的“EthicsPoliticsandtheLaw”一结构容易把握而且较去年比较“”的文章这篇法律类文章背后有一定的背景知识比较关注或者对这一块儿有所011就是0年出现了处，今年也出现处。仅有2道题考查逻辑词，而且这两道题是送分题，不需要考虑太多。一向是命题人偏爱的以abe”作后缀的形容词依然出现(9题)。下面就作一个详细解析。题1B。maintain.此空有赖于对后文的理解。这直接体现了我们果们和一样就不能捍卫自己作为法律卫道士的。题2选A。这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。题3选择weakened文语义题+词义辨析选项含义差别较大，要求对上下文逻辑关系掌握清楚。Yet表示一个转折：“即使这样，还是有很多这样做，损害了独立和公正的名声。”本题如果能把导向把握准，即可定位在BD两项，Deliminated过于绝对排除题4选.accee。上下文语义。依然是通过上下文逻辑关系，按段精度解题这段用两个参与的例子说明他们的行为使得的裁决不偏不倚而被认可变得不太可能。A选项caeed和C项ed意义相反，和主旨，即肯定了参与政治行为。B项oosed“调停”和无关。题5选C。上下文语义题。本段属于总分形式。首先提出参与们不受道德准则的约束。”其他三项不合逻辑，均不具干扰题6B。完型填空在历史上对于subject这个词一向情有独钟。年考查的意思都一致，即“易……”，考查形式有“issubjectedto”，“issubjectto”以及“subjectsb.tosth。(使得容易)”。今年依”，“应该依行为准则办事”。至于选项Aresistant和Cimmune两个选项和subject这三个词在04年的第8道题也同时出现。“Beimmuneto”指“对…免疫，不起作用”。可见很多时候命题人不总以题7D.applied。上下文语义题。选项所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的“codeofconduct”，即“应该让自己服从于那些也同样应用于其他的行为准则”A项resortto：诉诸于，求助于:leadto，导致。意义不符，直接排除题8选B.ase。上下文语义+固定搭配。aseteqesonof”提出了…的问题这一句是承上启下段全文的导向是“应该和政治分离开来然后引出例子紧接着就引出了这句话这些提出了问题究竟和政治之间是否还存在界限”言下之意和和政治总是撇不清关系符合全文导向A.eae“规”和D项“”C项否决和后面的esoneter构不成搭配。9Aline。上下文语义+固定搭配。“alinebetween…”：“在存在或划清界限”题10Bas。介词用法。envision…as…把……预想成为题11Aso。逻辑关系词。前后句明显是因果关系，so引导一个题1选.se.上下文语义题被赋予永恒地位因而可以题13选.cte.上下文语义题。有了这种地位做保障，也就不需要再去花心思培养发展政治支持。题14Dtied文语义题。“法制系统旨在将政治与法律相分题15A.concepts。词义辨析题。“liberty”和“property”同属社会基本理念而不是theories理论)divisions分支)D常指具体的或个人的理念而非笼统意义的理念题16选C.shapes。考查熟词僻义。“Shapean”，作出计划。本词所在的句子为省略了that的定语从句。“当处理社会政策决议的问题时，它们制定出来的法律将不可避免的政治化。”题17选A.sssed。考查熟词僻义。Dsss在这里意为“考虑遭拒这就解释了为什么不同导致的决议总是被认为不公正因而不予考虑。题18选.adess。依然考查熟词僻义。最后一段提出建议。希望们必须处理人们对于的质疑。aess”一词作为0年的完型中最后一段adessteeesofeoeess”，解决无家可归者的需求。只不过当年这里并没有设空。其他三项均不符合逻辑。题19.Daccountable.+熟词僻义题和第二段的题6构成同义复现。“beaccountableto…”不是“可解释的”，而是指“有义务，对…负责”。“beagreeableto”是“愉快的;同意的”;虽然也有“适合的，符合品位的”的意思，但题中to后面接的是code，不合逻辑。“agreeabletoeverybody:适合于所有人”A“beaccessibleto…,可接近…，能得到的”和B项“amiable”和蔼可亲的，与无关。题20.Dasaresult逻辑关系A项byallmeansB项atallcosts用法一致，切含义相近，首先排除。Cinaword是“总之”，总结全文下结论时用，而且多用在句首。这里and连接词前面的内容是“让和政治分离开来”，后面的内容是“更能服人显然两者是因果关系SectionⅡReadingPartAAccordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemerges根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出asupplementtothesocialcure对于社会治疗的补astimulustogroupdynamics对团队的刺anobstacletoschoolprogress学校进步的acauseofundesirablebehaviors一些不良行为的解析：答案为D。细节题：选项：acauseofundesirablebehaviors对应文中Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual。题干中的often对应原文中的usually;undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.lead与cause。同义替换，难度不Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocates认为公共支持者应该recruitprofessionaladvertisers招募职业的learnfromadvertisers’experience从人那里学习经stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers远离商业recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements认识到的局限性should定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure。分别对public-healthadvocates和oughtto，从四个选项中课看出来正确选项可能和advertiser或者advertisement有关，从而把目光锁定在takeapagefromadvertisers，但是很多同学都不知道它是什么意思，但是这可从后文的，soskilledatapplying，(也能熟练的运用)，再对照四个选项不难选出正确答案B，Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfails作者认为Rosenberg的书未adequayprobesocialandbiologicalfactors足够的探究社会和effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure有效地逃避社会治疗illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding例证出国家基金的producealong-lastingsocialeffect产生长期的社会解析：答案为A。考查作者的观点;从题干中可看出，题目问的是Rosenberg’sbook不能(怎么样)也就是问他的不足，通过book对应第四段第二句的斜体为书名，对应题干中的book,不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：explorationprobe，同义替换，notenoughoton也和asoaeuy对应这个题难度也不大，能明确poe可能是引起考试不敢选择A9B答案是因为B选项中除了por这个单词不认识外，其他的刚好Apoe这个词的考生就不敢选择A答案了。Paragraph5showsthatourimitationof第五段表明对于行为的模isharmfultoournetworksoffriends对于朋友的网络是有willmisleadbehavioralstudies会误导对于行为的occurswithoutourrealizingit在没有的时候就出现canproducenegativehealthhabits会产生不良的健康习解析：答案为C。细节题;通过题干中iaon和eaos可定位于第五段最后一句。hssasbeomofeerpesse:eoscoslyieeeaoreseeeveryynoscosy，ste这个词在我们4年2题的答案选择的是D答案：Someomofsciiaonsosteoeoge,大家可以看一下这道题和以前考过的题出现的相似性。Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是harmful有害desirable令人满profound意义深远questionable值得怀答案为D查作者对同龄人压力效果的态Farlesscertain,however,is…，第一句中invirtuous正直的，有效的)directions是大家不认识也不会影响句子的理解，因为紧接着第二句在举例，就像那些老师为了将后排捣乱的学生分开而将他们和他们与表现好的学生安排在一块，Thetacticneverreallyworks…(这些策略(方法)不是真正起作用的)表明作者认为同龄人压力效果是不2年考研英语阅读的文章来源于 性文章题为VermontYankeent’sownermusthonoritsownpromises.文章的题材属于信息科技类文章讲述的是有关NewEngland一家公司了核电站后核能源的一些相关规定后所引起的一些争议。就文章本身而言，放置在Reading的第二篇，难度不能算大。因agingreaction通过上下文的揣摩和推判断出这些生词C语义题。考的是一个词汇在文章中的特定含义。Renegingon出现在文章中的第一段。我们先从选项入手。A.condemning谴责B.reaffirming重申，再肯定C.dishonoring拒付，丢脸，不光彩D.securing，保护从文中我们可以看到，公司的这种行为激起了引起了群众的，并且需要和commitment构成动宾关系，所以综合考虑，可以先排除AD选项。而B选项“重申”，是一个中性词，A加入20年的协议，ney需要把信息定位到文章第段，第四行，…eageedoseekerssonfomeeglosooeeast21公司同意21年以后的运营AerotB选项错在eea”C选项D选项提到获得一个电厂的与原文中“已经了唯一的一个核电站”的A身内部也存在一系列的问题。纵观选项：A。管理实践B。技术创新C.财务目标D.商业前景公司的问题，并且是内部的，最A管理实践方面出现的问题。和财务，前景以及技术方Berot我们可以把信息定位到文章第段第-5ealschoassyhteontaseiloerapecee-seigetofhowartheseesed我们可A和.余下的B选项和DB的意思是各州这些比较杂乱的制度的成D终选择B选项因为文章的是在指各州如何来运用自己的权利，而非强调局限性。B推断题提到一个：NRC需要定位到文章最后一个段落。章最后一句提到：BtasteCevewsesaplao,tsoldeeptmndwatfomegyaeoh。”用排除法，可以先排除选项D名誉可能会损坏与原文不符，因为原文说道saeayaae.接下来，从文章中可以看到公司申请是有关年限延长的申请而非能不能在PlothC.而A选项中提到公司在其他地方的生意会受到影响恰恰与文章描述相反。所以综上所述正确选项为B也就是说这一系列的已经对C的构成了一种。文章解析本自eScens(《科学家》) 出的题为“eotonofeiiiy”的文章。文章围绕信度的演变这一话题展开论述。科学是如何打造而成?在理想化的版本中，关于世界的事实有待客观的科研人员展开收集工作但在实际的科研工作中科学探索通常是不确定的复杂过程每个人所固有的生活经验知识和偏向影响科研的过程和结果因此通常所说的研究成果我们只能称之为前科学即处于假说或不完善阶段有待验证的理论如何才能让其完善成熟成为科学呢?首先需要接受来自相关领域知识界的验证。如研究成果要需过编辑和评论家那关;然后其他科研者可能会你的文章可能会将其应用到科技上也可能会出现新的研究成果这个互动共享竞争的过程将单个的研究成果演变为公众的信度检测。研究不完善或错误的领域，他们极少对已经验证过的东西有。否定再者新的研究成果本身就会引起质疑你的研A.uncertaintyandcomplexity同义词转换，为正确选项。B第二段第三句ittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptanceto…选项B表达了相同意思，为同义句。再者，第二段为承上启下段，后B此为段落概括的A是无关选项文中没有提到;选项C，DD，此题较难，很容易。首先，选项A，B可以排除，因为ABAlert有很强的逻辑性，且非常清晰，标点符号是最好的识别标志。另外，根据句子意思，选项C与段落关联不大，因此D为最佳答案。C，此题为全文主旨题，较为容这是出 年月号的一篇文章，题为Enemiesofprogress：Thebiggestbarriertopublic-sectorre