分析案例机经

SummarySpokenDuringthetimeoftheAztecs,cocoawasmainlyusedasabeverage.Winesanddrinksweremadefromwhitepulparoundtheseedsofthecocoapod.Thebeansthemselveswereusedtomakehotorcoldchocolatedrinks.BoththeMayaandtheAztecseculardrinksusedroastedcocoabeans,afoamingagentsugar,toastedcornandwater.Vanillaand/orchilliwerealsousedasaningredientinthedrinks.CocoabeanswerealsousedasacurrencyandasatributetaxfrompeoplesruledbyAztecs.Theoilylayerfloatinginthechocolatedrinkcocoabutterwasusedtoprotecttheskinagainstthesun.FortheAztecscocoahadareligioussignificance.Cocoawasbelievedtobeofdivineorigin:thecocoatreewasabridgebetweenearthandheaven.HumansacrificestopropitiateGodorsunwerefirstsanctifiedbygivinghimchocolate.Cocoabeansweregiventopriest’sassistantsatchildren’scomingofageceremonies.Duringmarriageceremonies,thecoupledrankasymboliccupofchocolateandexchangedcocoabeans.AztecsbelievedthatdrinkingchocolategavemortalssomeofQuetzalcoatlwisdom.–Godoflearningandofthe↓CocoaButterprotectskinagainsttheCocoawasbelievedtobeofdivineEarthHeaven之间的桥梁：ageceremoniesandmarriageItisabriefdescriptionabouttheimportanceofcocoaduringAztecsera.Thebeanswereusedtomakechocolatedrinks.ThecocoahasanimportantroleintheAztec’slifebecausetheyuseditasacurrencyandtoprotecttheirskinsagainstthesun.Furthermore,ithadareligioussignificanceforthem,becausetheybelievedthatdrinkingchocolategavedivineSeaSeacreaturesareinspiringthelatestdevicesthatharnesswaveThisonecalledtheOyster,sitsontheseafloor,andopensandclosesaswavespassoverit.Cablesattachittogeneratorsontheshore.SincetheNovember2009,it'sbeenpowering9000homesintheOrkneyIslands.Anotherdevicelookslikeasnake.Theanacondaismadefromarubbertubefilledwithwaterthatfloatsjustbelowthesurface.Whentheswellhitsthefrontofit,thetubesqueezedaboveripplesdoneitslinksandpowersaturbineinitstail.Prototypesarecurrentlybeingtested,butthefull-scaleversionwillbe2000meterslong.ThisSystemalsolookslikeasnake.Butthisoneismadeofsteel.Itfloatsnearthesurface,wherewavesmakeitsjointsmove,thisdrivehydraulicsystemthatpowerelectricalgenerators,liketheanaconda.It’sstillbeingtested;resultswillprovethatthesedevicesareuptothejobofsupplyingvariablesourcesofgreenenergy.↓oyster的原理，浮在海面上，利用energyfromsnakesteel制造，可以产生electricalpowergreenArtificialArtificial lcomputerwhattodoandhowtoGiventhemeaningofcertainword,computerscanoperate,andithassystemsand ysemessagesintobytes来工作的，人脑也差不It ngjustexactlylikewhat assumptionscomputerhasthepotentialtobringcomputerTalentThewarfortalentreferstoanincreasinglycompetitivelandscapeforrecruitingandretainingtalentedemployees.Inthebook,Michaels,etal.,describenotasetofsuperiorHumanResourcesprocesses,butamind-setthatemphasizestheimportanceoftalenttothesuccessoforganizations.Thewarfortalentisintensifiedbydemographicshifts(primarilyintheUnitedStatesandEurope).Thisischaracterizedbyincreasingdemandalongwithdecreasingsupply(demographically).Therearesimplyfewerpost–baby–boomworkerstorecethebaby-boomretirementintheUSandEurope(thoughthisisnotthecaseinmostofEastAsia,SoutheastAsia,CentralAsia,CentralAmerica,SouthAmerica,ortheMiddleEast;EasternEuropealsotendstohavesimilardemographics,namelyanagingand/orshrinkinglabour).Whiletalentisvagueorill-defined,theunderlyingassumptionisthatforknowledge-intensiveindustries,theknowledgeworker(atermcoinedbyPeterDrucker)isthekeycompetitiveresource(seetheResource–basedviewofthefirm).Knowledge-basedtheoriesoforganizationsconsistentlyceknowledgeworkersasaprimary,competitiveresource.Talentisneverexplicitlydefinedinthebook,thoughthePrefacenotes,"Acertainpartoftalenteludedescription:Yousimplyknowitwhenyouseeit."(p.xii)Afterseveralfurthercaveats,theauthorsgoon:"Wecansay,however,thatmanagerialtalentissomecombinationofasharpstrategicmind,leadershipability,emotionalmaturity,communicationsskills,theabilitytoattractandinspireothertalentedpeople,entrepreneurialinstincts,functionalskills,andtheabilitytodeliverresults."Theauthorsoffernooutsidesupportforthisassertion.A2006articleinTheEconomist,whichmentionsthebook,notesthat,"companiesdonotevenknowhowtodefine“talent”,letalonehowtomanageit.Someuseittomeanpeopleemployitasasynonymfortheentirework,adefinitionsobroadastobeTheWarfortalentisseenbyvarioussourcesas ingirrelevantduringeconomicdownturns.However,therehasbeenhighlyvisibletalentpoachingbysolventfirmsofotherswhohaveeconomichardship(e.g.,JPMorganwasraidedbyaEuropeanfirminMarch,2009).↓shortoftalent，各个公司和国家都在争抢talent有一些youngimmigrants上university去读书，然后就了；毕业后，他们就local学生争进一些公司（给了数据），但是其实国家也是通过这样的方式来同时，国家和其他organization应该把talentprimaryChangeofthenatureofeconomyleadtoincreasinginlatentDecreasedpopulationcauseslessskilledworkersInthelate1990s,therewasbooknamedWarstotheTalents.Itlsaboutthereisdifficultforgraduatestofindajobalthoughtherearesomeshortageinhiring.Thereasonsarechangedinthenatureofeconomy,lowbirthrate,andmismatchofschoolseducationwithrequirementwithsocietyandlackofpropertrainingto eascientistorWhykeeppeopleLaughhasmanybenefits,especiallyinthe peoplelaughingisanimportantandcrucialLaughingisnotonlyahumour,butalsoabest举例：在二战期间（i.e1961），Berlinwallwarjokes在很多西方国家（i.e.Russia,EgyptandIran）盛传Laughingcanprotectself-respectandDNA&BiologyprovidedprofoundinsightintoBiologylecturePPT，有蝴蝶，花，海豚和另一个生物，看似不interconnectedThislectureisaboutthesimilaritybetweendifferent所有生物都基于geneticandinheritedinformationandcellsarefoundationofbuildingorgansAlltheorganismsontheeartharebasedonsimilarDNAandRNAtostorageandtransfergeneticinformationTheyallsharethesamechemicalcomponents,moleculesandchemicalreactionsgeneratingenergyAllorganshavemetabolismsystemwhichconvertenergyfromoneformto n nPeasants’Today’sdebtissohugewhichcomesfromDebtonpeasantisincreasingduetohighuseof↓Thedebtin hasbeenincreasingtheseyears,anddebtorsareunlikelytopayoff.Oncetheytrytoborrowmoremoneytopayofftheirdebt,itwillonly eaviciouscircle.Alongwiththeglobalizationofmarket,thisissuehas emoresevere,andmostofthecreditorsareinthesameindustrywhichsellspesticidesandseeds.Themostnotoriouscarrieroftyphoidfever,butbynomeansthemostdestructive,wasMaryMallon,alsoknownasTyphoidMary.In1907,shebecamethefirstcarrierintheUnitedStatestobeidentifiedandtraced.ShewasacookinNewYorkwhoiscloselyassociatedwith53casesandthreedeaths.PublichealthtoldMarytogiveupworkingasacookorhavehergallbladderremoved,asshehadachronicinfectionthatkeptheractiveasacarrierofthedisease.Maryquitherjob,butreturnedlaterunderafalsename.Shewasdetainedanddafteranothertyphoidoutbreak.Shediedofponiaafter26yearsin.↓MaryMallonwasborninScotlandin1968andmigratedtoIllinoisinAmericafromIrelandin1983ShewasanexcellentcookandgotwellwithherShewasprideandsatisfiedaboutherShetransmittedwithtyphoidandfever,adiseasethattransmittedbyfoodand22peoplehadthissymptomandoneofthemMaryMallonwasbornin1869andmigratedto1883andworkedasanexcellentcook,shewaspridedandsatisfiedwithherlife.OneIrelandwomanmovedtotheUSandworkedasacook.Everyoneissatisfiedwithherworkandshelivedwithfriends,butshefeltboredwithherbosssometimes.Later,shegotabacteriadisease,whichcouldtransmitsthroughwaterandfood.Evenbeforeshedied,shealwaysdeniedshewassick.Actually,22peoplewereinfectedbyherandoneofthemdied. ernments ernmentsUsePeopleshouldbeinformedthat ernmentsusetrickstocovertheCitizenshouldbewellinformed,butpeoplearedelibera yhiddenfromthetruthinsomesocietyernmentsdoalltrickinthebooktocovertheirThewesterncountriesaredemocraticernmentpoliciesofteninterpretwrongandmisleadernmenthidetheeventswhichhave I'm43yearsoldandIowetensofthousandsofdollarsinstudentloans.Ohsure,IknewtheloanswerepilingupasIwentthroughschool.Butwithoneloancomingfromhere,anotherfromthere,Ihadnoideaoftherockslidethatwasbuilding.Fifteenyearslater,Istillexperiencemomentsofsheerhorrorregardingmyfamily'sOK,sowithoutmycollegedegree,Iwouldnothavebeenabletogetmycurrentjob.ForthatI'mgrateful;butatwhatcost?Myloanshavebeenaccruingatarateof10percent,andnowtheyhaveburgeonedto—well,I'mEnglishmajor,youdothemath.Idon'tthinkthey'llevergetpaidoff.We'reindebtwaypastoureyeballs,andthere'snohopeinsight.I'mbeingkeptinclass—afinancialclassofgraduateswhoseonlyhopeforattendingcollegemeantborrowingmoneyfromtheernment.Becauseofourmountingcreditcarddebtandmonthlypaymentsthatfarexceedourfamily's e;mykidswillalsojointheclassofcitizenswhocan'trelyontheirparentsforcollegesupport.DoIwishI'dchosenanothereducationalroute?Youbet.Perhapstradeschool—I'vethoughtthatbeingaplumbermightnotbesuchabadgig.Butifyourjobaspirationsrequireafour-yeardegree,takemyadviceandchooseacollegeyoucanafford,bothduringandaftergraduation.Takearealisticlookatyouranticipatede,andfactorinprioritiesthatdon'tcarryaprice—likethespouseandchildrenyoumightwanttohavesomeIwasoverconfidentthatmystudent-loandebtwouldpaleincomparisontothelucrativewritingcareerI'denjoyaftergraduation.NowI'mpayingforthatdecision—inmorewaysthanI'deverimagined.↓一个43岁的女性抱怨自己的经济，当年用educationloan上大学，还贷还15年这个的repayment是汽车的三Thewomanfacesfinancialpressureallthe15年，tripleloanAwomanwhoisatherfortiescominsaboutthemassivestudentloanshehasbeenrepayingsincecollege.Althoughsheisgratefulofgoingtocollegebecauseofthegoodjobsheobtained,sheisworriedthatshecanneverpayoffhermountingdebts.Moreover,becauseofherpoorlyperformingfinancialstatus,herchildrencannotrelyonherandherhusbandforcollegesupport.AmoryLovins-EnergyAmoryBlochLovins(bornNovember13,1947)isanAmericanphysicist,environmentalscientist,writer,andChairman/ChiefScientistoftheRockyMountainInstitute.Hehasworkedinthefieldofenergyandrelatedareasforfourdecades.HewasnamedbyTimemagazineoneoftheWorld's100mostinfluentialpeoplein2009.Lovinsworkedprofessionallyasanenvironmentalistinthe1970sandsincethenasanystofa"softenergypath"fortheUnitedStatesandothernations.Hehaspromotedenergyefficiency,theuseofrenewableenergysources,andthegenerationofenergyatornearthesitewheretheenergyisactuallyused.Lovinshasalsoadvocateda"nega-wattrevolution"arguingthatutilitycustomersdon’twantkilowatt-hoursofelectricity;theywantenergyservices.Inthe1990s,hisworkwithRockyMountainInstituteincludeddesignofanultra-efficient ,theHyper-Lovinsdoesnotseehisenergyideasasgreenorleft-wing,andheisanadvocateofprivateenterpriseandmarketeconomics.HenotesthatRupertMurdochhasmadeNewsCorporationcarbon-neutral,withsavingsofmillionsofdollars.But,saysLovins,largeinstitutionsare ingmore"gridlockedandmoribund",andhesupportstheriseof"citizenorganizations"aroundtheworld.Lovinshasreceivedtenhonorarydoctoratesandwonmany.Hehasprovidedexperttestimonyineightcountries,briefed19headsofstate,andpublished31books.ThesebooksincludeReinventingFire,WinningtheOilEndgame,SmallisProfitable,BrittlePower,andNaturalCapitalism.↓sortoutproblemsWhatisGlobalizationcanusefullybeconceivedasaprocess(orsetofprocesses)whichembodiesatransformationinthespatialorganizationofsocialrelationsandtransactions,generatingtranscontinentalorinterregionalflowsandnetworksofactivity,inctionandpower.ItischaracterizedbyfourtypesofFirst,itinvolvesastretchingofsocial,politicalandeconomicactivitiesacrosspoliticalfrontiers,regionsandcontinents.Second,itsuggeststheintensification,orthegrowingmagnitude,ofinterconnectednessandflowsoftrade,investment,finance,migration,culture,etc.Third,thegrowingextensityandintensityofglobalinterconnectednesscanbelinkedtoaspeedingupofglobalinctionsandprocesses,astheevolutionofworld-widesystemsoftransportandcommunicationincreasesthevelocityofthediffusionofideas,goods,information,capital,andpeople.,thegrowingextensity,intensityandvelocityofglobalinctionscanbeassociatedwiththeirdeepeningimpactsuchthattheeffectsofdistanteventscanbehighlysignificantelsewhereandeventhemostlocaldevelopmentsmaycometohaveenormousglobalconsequences.Inthissense,theboundariesbetweendomesticmattersandglobalaffairscan eincreasinglyblurred.Insum,globalizationcanbethoughtofasthewidening,intensifying,speedingup,andgrowingimpactofworld-wideinterconnectedness.Byconceivingofglobalizationinthisway,it espossibletomapempiricallypatternsofworld-widelinksandrelationsacrossallkeysofhumanactivity,fromthemilitarytothecultural.↓TherearethreeThetermglobalizationcanbeseenin2Advantagesaretransactionacrosscounties,globaleconomyimprovement,internationaltrade,communication,growthintravelandmoremultinationalOnecountry’seconomydoesnotdependononeitself,allcountriesinvolovedisingincreasinglydependentofothersCountriesdependoneachothermoreineconomyintermsofproductionsandconsumptionsEconomicsystemsaredifferentfrombeforeYouthGlobalisationistheprocessofinternationalintegrationofworldviews,productsandothers.Themainfactorsofglobalizationarethedevelopmentoftransportationandinternetwhichgeneratefurtherinterdependenceofeconomicandculturalactivitiesandtheyarefourbasicaspectsofitsuchasmigrationandmovementofpeople.However,globalizationalsoraisesthesevereenvironmentalproblemswefaceasawholesuchasairpollutionandover-fishing.AconferenceaboutStanfordUniversitybusinessTalkedabouttherelationshipbetweenbusinessschoolandeducationTheeducationalpurposeforbusinessschoolislearningYouneedtoberesponsiblefortheperformanceandidentifyhowitAndresponsibilitymeansthatthe plishmentsachievedbyothersdon'tindicatewhatyouarecapableofAnoveliststartedwritingfrom13yearsoldandherinitialintentionwastowritefictionnovelsAgreatnovelistinfluenceonHowevershetooksomedetourbutsheneverregrettedbecauseshebelieveditwastherightthingtodoHerbeliefwasinspiredbyonepioneerwhoencouragedpeopletoSheli llystartedwritingfrom1951,andthefirstchaptershewrotewas"thesecretsofthelifeofbees" ernment ernmentThelecturefirststatedtheneedtomodifyernmentThenitfollowedbyaddressingthedifferentopinionsholdingbytheDemocraticPartyinregardstowhetherernmentshouldshareitspowerwithitsstatesandpeopleWhiletheDemocraticPartyclaimsthaternmentshouldholdthebigpowerandentitlements,theRepublicanPartybelieveernmentshouldshareitspowerswiththestatesandpeopleHiddenpowerfromthegeneral↓Thislecturefirststatedtheneedtomodifyernmentpowerfromfederaltostatelevel,whichisaphilosophicalquestion.ThenitisfollowedbythedisputesintheRepublicanPartyandtheDemocraticParty.TheRepublicanPartythinkstheernmentshouldshareitspowerwithitsstatesandpeople,whiletheDemocraticPartyclaimsthaternmentshouldholdthestrongpowerandentitlements.Finally,itisdecidedtohidepowerfromVitaminDreferstoagroupoffat-‐solublesecosteroidsresponsibleforenhancingintestinalabsorptionofcalcium,iron,magnesium,phosphateandzinc.Inhumans,themostimportantcompoundsinthisgrouparevitaminD3andvitaminD2cholecalciferolandergocalciferolcanbeingestedfromthedietandfromsupplements.VeryfewfoodscontainvitaminD;synthesisofvitaminD(specificallycholecalciferol)intheskinisthemajornaturalsourceofthevitamin.DermalsynthesisofvitaminDfromcholesterolisdependentonsunexposureVitaminDfromthedietordermalsynthesisfromsunlightisbiologicallyinactive;activationrequiresenzymaticconversion(hydroxylation)intheliverandkidney.EvidenceindicatesthesynthesisofvitaminDfromsunexposureisregulatedbyanegativefeedbackloopthatpreventstoxicity,butbecauseofuncertaintyaboutthecancerriskfromsunlight,no mendationsareissuedbytheInstituteofMedicine(US),fortheamountofsunexposurerequiredtomeetvitaminDrequirements.Accordingly,theDietaryReferenceIntakeforvitaminDassumesnosynthesisoccursandallofa 'svitaminDisfromfoodintake,althoughthatwillrarelyoccurinpractice.AsvitaminDissynthesizedinadequateamountsbymostm lsexposedtosunlight,itisnotstrictlyavitamin,andmaybeconsideredahormoneasitssynthesisandactivityoccurindifferentlocations.VitaminDhasasignificantroleincalciumhomeostasisandmetabolism.Itsdiscoverywasduetoefforttofindthedietarysubstancelackinginrickets.↓VitaminDisnotdietaryifwithoutVitaminDisnotarealvitaminit'sahormone（原文重点ItneedssunlighttoSomeregionspeoplelessexposeinsunlighthavenotenoughofVitaminDandthesameinwinterwhenpeoplewearmoreclothesItcanalsobeobtainedfromfood,butnotGenes5000DNA图中两条线，Genesprovidecell2MproteincellDevelopmentofgenes,geneticdifferenceoncognitiveabilitybetweenpresentandancestor,highlightsmallnumberofgenesaredifferentbetweenpresentandpeoplefrom5000yearsagoThewayofmodernpeoplepissisnodifferencewithourancestorsinhalfmillionyearsago,becausethegenesdidn'tchangemuchInternationalenvironmentallaw&climateUK从二世就有GloballyandLocallyTwosolutions–onebeingindustryrevolution,theotherbeingimprovementofemployeehealthTheoryofAdam↓Ifwewanttolookatinternationalenvironmentlawandclimatechange,weneedtoreviewthelegislationsintheU.K,whichwereintroducedbyCharlesIIandaffectedgloballyandlocally.Duringtheindustrialrevolutionperiod,lawsbasedonAdamSmiththeorythatconcentratesoneconomicvaluecanbedetrimental.Anaggressiveproposedtofocusonemployee’sheathandlocalenvironment.Thetheoryofrelativityandspace,dynamicInthepast,peoplebelievedthatuniversewas yfixedandHowever,thishasbeentransformedbyEinstein’sconceptofStars netchange,continuousdynamicalchanges,andchangingalltheEinsteinisnotthe whoproposedthis1/5的学校开的这课，然而这个skillsandattitude应该给予重视Changingworld变得自信，也可以解决学生缺乏力的问题等等↓Criticismofcitizenshipeducationinschoolsarguesthatmerelyteachingchildrenaboutthetheoryofcitizenshipeducationisineffective,unlessschoolsthemselvesdemocraticpracticesbygivingchildrentheopportunitytohaveasayoverdecisionmaking.Itsuggeststhatschoolsarefundamentallyundemocraticinstitutions,andthatsuchasettingcannotinstilinchildrenthecommitmentandbeliefindemocraticvaluesthatisnecessaryforcitizenshipeducationtohaveaproperimpact.marketing的定义是moving r&Business rs转交给consumers来满足客户需ThermodynamicandkineticDevelopmentofphysicsin19thLawofTemperatureistheaveragekineticThermalenergyallkineticenergieswithinagivenHeatiscausedbyflowofthermalenergyduetodifferencesinFlowsfromwarmerareastocooler↓Inthislecturethespeakertalkedaboutthethermodynamictheory.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthattherelationshipbetweenheatandmotiontransmitwithkinetictheory.Moreover,heindicatedthatitistheenergygeneratedbyatommotion.Lastbutnotleast,hesuggestedtotalkineticenergyandpotentialenergyisalsocalledmechanismenergy.Ingeneral,thislectureisaboutThermodynamicsTheory.Thedevelopmentofurbaniz