大学英语语法 名词性从句

大学英语语法名词性从句第1页/共59页Howshouldweusemoderntechnology?Theproblemis…Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.WhenwillmanbeabletoliveonMars?….isunknowntousall.

WhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.Wherewillalltheseadvancedtechnologyleadus?Ican’timagine….Ican’timaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnology

willleadus.第2页/共59页1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。

名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从中不省第3页/共59页宾语从句ObjectClause表语从句Predicative主语从句SubjectClasuse同位语从句AppositiveClause名词性从句NounClause从句一律保持陈述语序主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句第4页/共59页请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)第5页/共59页引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

第6页/共59页连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分

第7页/共59页不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.第8页/共59页1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1)Thattheearthisroundistrue.2)Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.3)Whathesaidsurprisedmemost.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.第9页/共59页It

的用法：（形式主语）

It’possible/important/necessary/clear…

that……

很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’said/reported…that…据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying….（俗话说）第10页/共59页Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导主语从句的“that”一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：

1）常与其后作表语的名词一致2）根据句子的语境而定第11页/共59页___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto第12页/共59页4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave第13页/共59页

主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis第14页/共59页2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）

that,whether，if（that常可省略）

连词：who,what,which,whoever,whatever

when,where,why,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythat

weshoulddothehomework.第15页/共59页1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。

Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______s第16页/共59页

willbe

goes

wereplaying

havereturned

hadbeen

Theradiosaysit______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything____well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_______________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)第17页/共59页

宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”

若主句谓语动词为think,

consider,

suppose,

believe,

expect,

fancy,

guess,

imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已经完成了工作)时态呼应否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished注意第18页/共59页

wrote

hastaken

hadbeen

6.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)第19页/共59页宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.第20页/共59页Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．

A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．if

D．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.we B.yourself C.it D.them

ABBC第21页/共59页3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if

不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever

连接副词：when/where/why/how/because

Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.第22页/共59页在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_________________________________Thisis____________________________.Itlooks____________________________.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.第23页/共59页在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”一般情况下，“that”不能省

Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….第24页/共59页1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when第25页/共59页4同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；

rumour；news

等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用

that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/howTheidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)Word

camethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.第26页/共59页Ihavenoidea

whenhewillgetmarried.howtheycangetthetreasure.where

theconcertwillbeheld.who

isfitforthework.why

ithappened.which

penismine.what

weshoulddonext.whom

theyaretalkingabout.whether

it’llraintomorrow.that

ourfootballteamwonthegame.第27页/共59页WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1.同位语从句——that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句——that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2.同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句——that不能省定语从句——that在从句中作宾语时，可以省第28页/共59页Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.1)Whatistheidea?Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.2)Whatsurprisesmanypeople?i)Theideasurprisesmanypeople.ii)Thatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.第29页/共59页2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.

1)Whatisthepossibility?

Thepossibilityisthatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathome.2)Whatisoftendiscussed?i)Thepossibilityisoftendiscussed.ii)Thatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillwork

athomeisoftendiscussed.第30页/共59页3.We’lldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.1)Whatistheproblem?Theproblemisthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.2)Whatwillwediscuss?We’lldiscusstheproblem.We’lldiscussthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.第31页/共59页that

与whether/if的选择：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.that B.either C.whether D.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?DCwhether/ifthatthat

表示是否时用__________,表示肯定时用_______归纳whether/ifthat第32页/共59页what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引导名词性从句的区别1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho,what第33页/共59页1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_______起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所……的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳that，what引导名词性从句的区别第34页/共59页BABExercises1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldnotunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_______heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason第35页/共59页4.___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6.___isnopossibility___Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which

A第36页/共59页7.-–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA第37页/共59页9.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB第38页/共59页12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever第39页/共59页15.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.A.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe16.manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That17.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever第40页/共59页1.Canyoumakesure___thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess___henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat3.______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.A.WhoeverB.NomatterwhoC.anyone.D.who

第41页/共59页4.Thatis___Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what5.Do___youthinkisright___difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever6.Theworkersconsidereditimportant___thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which第42页/共59页7.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how9.Difficultylies___wehavenomoney.A.thatB.inthatC.inthefactD.inthefactthat10.Idon’tthinkthequestionof___theyareoldoryoungisimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why第43页/共59页11.Itmakesnodifference___youwillgotodayortomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what12._____shouldbesenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould第44页/共59页13.Thenews____LincolnwasmurderedfilledtheAmericanpeople’sheartswithdeepsorrow.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how14.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter15.Idon’ttrusthispromise___hewillbuymeanewcar.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that

第45页/共59页16.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when17.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that18.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom__afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit第46页/共59页19.Weallknowthetruth___thereareair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings.A.whereverB.whereC.thatD.thatwherever20.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin___,but____.A.howyouget;thatyougiveB.whichyouget;whatyougiveC.whatyouget;whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget;whatdoyougive21.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It第47页/共59页1.It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.which B.that C.whatever D.allwhat2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.which B.that C.whateverD.allwhat3._____kills,sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds,istoblame.Anyone B.Anyonewho C.Thosewho D.ThoseBCCExercises第48页/共59页Ⅵ.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

表示建议,请求,命令,要求,坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.归纳第49页/共59页2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇,不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有

1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)……that……2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc,)……that……e.g.Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.第50页/共59页试区分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。

2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。(同从)(定从)拓展第51页/共59页1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_