英语人教版高中必修二（2019新编）-Unit 3 Food and Culture第三讲Grammar and Writing（教案）

GrammarandWriting目标导航jing目标导航jingGrammar——过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态1．PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.2．WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.3．ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend，andfinally,wefoundit.4．Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.【自主发现】过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时的肯定句结构是主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分，否定句结构是主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分，被动语态结构是主语＋hadbeen＋过去分词。语法知识一、过去完成时的用法1．用于told，said，knew，heard，thought，found等动词后面的宾语从句中，表示动作发生在这些动词之前。Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilmthedaybefore.他告诉我他前一天已经看过那部电影了。ShesaidthatshehadneverbeentotheGreatWall.她说她从未去过长城。2．表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor15minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当公共汽车最终到来的时候，我已在公交车站等了15分钟。3．表示意向的动词(hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose)的过去完成时可用于表示过去未曾实现的愿望。Ihadmeanttogoonatripwithyou，butIwasbusywithworkthen.我本想和你一起去旅游，但是我那时正忙于工作。Ihadintendedtoseeyou，butIhadtolookaftermylittledaughteratthatmoment.我本打算去看你，但是我那时得照顾我的小女儿。二、过去完成时的常用固定句型1．用在“主语＋hadhardly/scarcely(nosooner)＋过去分词＋when(than)从句”句型中，从句用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner位于句首时，主句要倒装。Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。Hardlyhadweleftthehousewhenitbegantorain.我们刚离开家，天就开始下雨了。2．与by...，bytheendof...,bythetime...等连用。Bytheendofthatyear,Henryhadcollectedmorethanathousandpostcards.到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张明信片。Bythetimetheyarrived，wehadgoteverythingready.在他们到达之前，我们已经准备好一切了。3．用在“Itwasthe＋序数词＋time＋(that)．..”或“Itwasthe＋形容词最高级＋名词＋(that)．..”句型中(从句用过去完成时)。Itwasthefirsttime(that)IhadbeentoShanghai.那是我第一次去上海。ItwasthemostinspiringperformanceIhadwatched.这是我看过的最激励人心的表演。4．用在“Itwas＋一段时间＋since从句”句型中(从句用过去完成时)。ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。三、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被动形式。Apowerstationhadbeensetupintheirhometownbytheendoflastyear.在去年年底之前，他们的家乡已经建立了一座发电站。Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？四、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbyteno’clockyesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。Theyarrivedatthestationatteno’clockyesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。2．在没有明确地表示过去的时间状语时，谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间先后顺序须依据上下文来判断：先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。Shewasveryhappyandherwholefamilywerepleasedwithher，too.Shehadjustwonfirstprizeinthecompositioncompetition.她很高兴，她的所有家人也都对她感到满意。她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。用正确的时态和语态填空①Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshe(visit)thedaybefore.②Itwassupposedthathe(have)asuddenattackoffaintness.③Allthefineladiesandgentlemenofthecountryside(invite)beforethepartybegan.④Itwasthefirsttimesheever(speak)beforesuchabigaudience.⑤Policeaskedpassers－byifthey(see)theaccidenthappen.⑥Nothingcouldhavesavedhimevenifhe(tend)withoutdelay.分层练习分层练习一.用正确的动词时态和语态填空1．Thewheatcropsafely(gather)inbeforethestormcame.2．AgreatdealofJapanesecultureandreligion(adapt)fromtheoldercivilization.3．They(want)tohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.4．Theairport(establish)longbeforethecommunity.5．Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forI(notstudy)mylesson.6．IreturnedthebookthatI(borrow)．7．MrSmithdiedyesterday.He(be)agoodfriendofmine.8．Itwasthethirdtimethathe(be)outofworkthatyear.9．AseniordoctorsaidthatHu’srecovery(lift)themoraleofallthemedicalteamsatthehospital.10．We(learn)overtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.【答案】1.hadbeen，gathered2.hadbeenadapted3.hadwanted4.hadbeenestablished5.hadnotstudied6.hadborrowed7.hadbeen8.hadbeen9.hadlifted10.hadlearned二.补全句子1．Theinvestigationresultsshowedthatsomeoftheimportedpatientsinwhichtheylivedandworkedabroad.调查结果显示，部分输入性病例是在国外生活和工作的环境中感染的。2．Thepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthingsstolen.警察发现房子被人破门而入，许多东西被偷了。3．MsGreendecidedtobuythatkindofclothbecauseshe．格林女士决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她这种布很好洗。4．Inordertopreventthefirehappening,someofthehousesnearby．为了防止火灾的发生，附近的一些房子都被推倒了。5．Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood,butI．那家旅馆不是特别好，但我住过许多更差的旅馆。6．ThatwasthefirsttimeandIwasimpressedbythefriendlypeopleverymuch.那是我第一次去那里，那里友好的人们给我留下了非常深刻的印象。7．She,butshedidn’tgetupintime.她本来打算赶早班的火车，但是她起晚了。8．Ifwe,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.如果我们走另一条路，我们可能会及时赶到这里开会。【答案】1.hadbeeninfectedintheenvironment2.hadbeenbrokeninto3.hadbeentoldthattheclothwashedverywell4.hadbeenpulleddown5.hadstayedinmanyworsehotels6.Ihadgonethere7.hadintended/wantedtocatchtheearlytrain,8.hadtakentheotherroad三.语法填空OurexperienceattheChildren’sMedicalCareCenterwaseye－opening.Wesawalotofchildrenwithouthairduetotheirradioactivetreatment.Weplayedwiththemandtaughtthemtodrawpictures.Thechildren,though1.(suffer)suchgreatpains,weresofriendlythatitwasmucheasiertointeractwiththemthanwe2.(expect)．Oneday,anincidentdeeplytouchedus.Agirlsuggestedthatsheteachushowtofoldpaper.Shetaughtus3.greatpatience,explainingeachstepslowlyandclearly.Thoughwecouldeasilydothat,westillpretendedtoknownothingaboutit.Wefollowedher,stepbystep,doingeverythingshetoldus.Finally,4.wefinishedourworksuccessfully,shegaveeachofus5.bighug.Wecouldseetheprideandhappinessonherface.Herfatherwassothankfultousthatheheldourhandstightly,tearsinhiseyes.Anditwasnotuntilthen6.weknewthegirlwouldreceiveanoperationthenextday.Manystorieshappenedatthecenter.Itwasreallya7.(value)experiencetousall,enrichingourlifeinapositiveway.Thechildren’shappyfacesand8.(they)strongmindswillstaywithusforever.Thedayswespentatthecenterinspiredusboys9.(reflect)onmanythings.Webegantoreflectonhowtodealwiththedifficultiesinlife,becauseour“troubles”seemnotworthmentioningatallcomparedwith10.theseinnocentkidsaregoingthrough.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。在儿童医疗护理中心的经历让作者感受到了孩子们的积极乐观、善良美好，同时也让作者积极去思考如何面对生活中的困难。1．suffering【解析】考查状语从句的省略。though引导的是状语从句的省略句，补充完整应为thoughtheyweresufferingsuchgreatpains,根据省略原则，可将theywere省略。2．hadexpected【解析】考查时态。itwasmucheasiertointeractwiththem就是发生在过去的事情，而expect则是发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。3．with【解析】考查介词。withpatience耐心地，是固定搭配。4．when/after【解析】考查连词。when/after引导时间状语从句。5．a【解析】考查冠词。hug是可数名词。此处表示“一个大大的拥抱”，前面要加不定冠词a。6．that【解析】考查强调句。本句是not...until句型的强调句，句式为：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。7．valuable【解析】考查词形转换。修饰名词(experience),应用形容词。8．their【解析】考查物主代词。代替上文的thechildren’s。9．toreflect【解析】考查非谓语动词。inspiresbtodosth激励某人做某事。10．what【解析】考查关系代词。句中with后面需跟宾语，此处用的是宾语从句，从句中缺少goingthrough的宾语，故用what引导。Writing——健康饮食类文章写作分析饮食话题因其与健康的生活方式息息相关而显得尤为重要，食物的营养，食物的平衡，食物的有机生产与污染，食物的制作方法与食用习惯，食物与传统文化的关系，饮食与健康等，都是有关食物的常见话题。根据写作要求和目的的不同，一篇文章一般从一个角度写，突出重点，不宜面面俱到。一、常用词汇1．dietn．饮食2．balancedadj.平衡的3．junkfood垃圾食品4．tastyadj.美味的5．authenticadj.正宗的6．organicadj.有机的7．intakev.摄入8．dairyproducts奶制品9．nutritiousadj.有营养的10．frozenfood冷冻食品11．recipen.食谱12．low－calorieadj.低热量的13．appetizern.开胃点心14．maincourse主菜15．dessertn.餐后甜食16．snackn.小吃17．deliciousadj.美味的18．hotadj.辣的19．stirfry煸炒20．steamingn.清蒸二、常用句式1．Howwouldyoulikeyoursteak？你的牛排要几分熟？2．Idon’teatjunkfoodanymore.I’dliketotrysomehealthyfood.我再也不吃垃圾食品了，我想吃一些健康的食物。3．Inmyopinion，weshoulddevelopgoodhealthyeatinghabits.在我看来，我们应该养成良好的健康饮食习惯。4．Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一个苹果，疾病远离我。5．Somesoupbeforedinner，healthybodyforever.饭前喝口汤，永远没灾殃。6．Dietcuresmorethandoctors.自己饮食有节，胜过上门求医。7．Eatatpleasure,drinkwithmeasure.随意吃饭，适度饮酒。8．Toomuchfattyfoodmakesmesick.吃太多的油腻食物让我恶心。单元写作假定你是李华，你的美国网友Jack来信说他的家人都很喜欢吃中餐，向你请教如何在中餐馆选择健康的中餐。请你用英语给他写一封100词左右的回信，内容主要包括：1．分量适当，避免浪费；2．蔬菜为主，少油少盐；3．蒸、煮为佳，不加味精(MSG)。注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步审题谋篇主题饮食文化体裁应用文人称以第二人称为主时态一般现在时布局第一部分：选择适量的饭菜；第二部分：选择中餐时饭菜的种类及注意事项。第二步要点翻译1．中餐是最受欢迎、最健康的饮食之一，但是可能油盐含量高。Chinesecuisineisoneofthemostpopularandhealthiestdiets，butitcanbehighinoilandsalt．2．主菜分量经常很大。Maindishportionsareoftenquitelarge.3．当你跟伙伴们在中餐厅吃饭的时候，你最好少点菜。YouhadbetterorderfewerdisheswhenyouhavedinnerwithyourcompanionsinChinesecanteen.4．你应该尽量避免(吃)诸如烤羊肉串和红烧肉那样的菜。Youshouldtrytoavoidthedishes，suchasroastedlambkebabandredbraisedpork.5．那些菜含有很高的卡路里。Thedisheshavehighcalories．第三步词句升级1．用表示因果关系的连词合并句子2、3Maindishportionsareoftenquitelarge，soyou’dbetterorderfewerdisheswhenyouhavedinnerwithyourcompanionsinChinesecanteen.2．用定语从句合并句子4、5Youshouldtrytoavoidthedisheswhichhavehighcalories,suchaslambkebabandredbraisedpork.第四步连句成篇DearJack，I’mgladthatyourfamilylikeChinesecuisine.Chinesecuisineisoneofthemostpopularandhealthiestdiets,butitcanbehighinoilandsalt.What’smore,maindishportionsareoftenquitelarge,soyou’dbetterorderfewerdisheswhenyouhavedinnerwithyourcompanionsinChinesecanteen.Thendividethedishesandeatup!Choosedisheswithlotsofvegetablesandsteamedrice.Youshouldtrytoavoidthedisheswhichhavehighcalories,suchasroastedlambkebabandredbraisedpork.Askthecheftouselessoil,cutdownsaltandcutoutMSGinyourfood’spreparations,ifpossible.Haveagoodappetite.Yours，LiHua随堂练习假定你是李华，请你给某英文报社编辑就“中学生健康饮食”这一话题写一封100词左右的信。内容包括：1．自我介绍；2．健康饮食的重要性；3．建议中学生远离垃圾食品。注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2．开头和结尾已给出。Deareditor，Yours，LiHua【参考范文】Deareditor，I’mLiHua,ahighschoolstudent.Asweallknow,healthyeatinghabitsareveryimportantforourhealth.Weshouldeatfreshvegetablesandfruiteveryday,whichsupplyrichandnecessaryvitaminstous.Besides,weshouldeatmeatinmoderation.Onlyinthiswaycanweassureusofgettingthenecessarynutritionandabalanceddiet.What’smore,weareintheperiodofgrowing,soweneedmorehealthydiets.Asforjunkfood，personally,Iloveit.Butbecausejunkfoodisahealthkiller,weshouldcutdownonitaltogether.Finally,Isincerelywisheveryonegoodhealth.Yours，LiHua分层练习分层练习一.七选五Porridgedoesn’thaveaverytastyname,doesit？1．I’mheretotrytoconvinceyouthatporridgecanbeadelicious,convenientandveryhealthywaytostarttheday.Porridgeisatypeoffoodservedforbreakfast,usuallyatypeofgrainwitheithermilkorwater.Itisthickerthanliquid,butnotsolid.2，soit’saverygoodoptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong－lastingenergyfortheday.Porridgepreparation,suchastheamountofmaterialsandcookingtime,dependsonwhatyouchoosetouseasyourporridgebase.3，Iwillputaverybighandfulofoatsinapot,addalittlebitofwaterandabout200mlofmilk,andletthemixtureboil.Ittakesaboutfiveminutestocook.Onceit’scooked,thefunpartisaddingtheflavors.Porridgealonedoesn’thaveaverystrongflavor.4，Ithinkthisiswhatmakesporridgeexciting!Itislikeablankpieceofpaper—youcanaddalmostanythingyouwanttotheporridgebase.Seeds,nutsanddriedfruitsareveryhealthyoptionstoaddandcangiveyouenergyfortheday.Butifyoudon’tlikethese,oryou’reallergic,thensugarandchocolatearealsoidealoptions.5．Eitheroatsorcornorbothare“staplefoods”formostpeopleontheearth.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.Hopefullyporridgesoundsalottastiernow!A．Ifyou’venevereatenitB．IfI’mcookingformyselfC．TheporridgebaseisveryeasytodigestD．Itdoesn’thaveaverytastyreputation,eitherE．ItisoftenheatedupbutlacksallkindsofnutritionF．YoucanmakeporridgealmostanywhereintheworldG．Althoughsomepeoplethinkthismakesporridgeboring【语篇解读】本文是说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。1．D【解析】根据前文“Porridgedoesn’thaveaverytastyname,doesit？”可知，D项(它也没有很好的名声)符合语境。故选D。2．C【解析】根据后文“soit’saverygoodoptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong－lastingenergyfortheday”可知，C项(粥的主要配料很容易消化)符合语境。故选C。3．B【解析】根据后文“Iwillputaverybighandfulofoatsinapot,addalittlebitofwaterandabout200mlofmilk，andletthemixtureboil.Ittakesaboutfiveminutestocook”可知，此处作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故B项(如果我给我自己煮粥的话)符合语境。故选B。4．G【解析】根据后文“Ithinkthisiswhatmakesporridgeexciting”可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，G项(虽然有些人认为这使粥令人厌烦)符合语境。故选G。5．F【解析】根据本段中“whereveryouare”及本段所述内容可知，F项(你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥)符合语境。故选F。二．阅读理解NAIROBI—TinTin,aChineserestaurantlocatedincentralNairobi,hasbeenservinglocalKenyansforoverfourdecadeswithitsdeliciousdishesanduniqueculturalbackground.“Thisisarestaurantdefinitelyworthatry，”saidSteven,alocalresidentinhis30s.“IthasprovidedChinesefoodsincemygrandfather’stime.”AccordingtoHenryTin,therestaurantowner,TinTinwasestablishedin1978attheheartoftheNairobiCentralBusinessDistrict,upholdingChinesecuisinewhileadaptingtoKenyanpreferences.Foryears,ithasbecomeadefiningpartofthecity’slandmark—KenyattaInternationalConferenceCentre(KICC),attractinglotsofofficeworkersnearbyandevenpresidentialcustomers.“TheformerpresidentofKenya,Moi,wasaverygoodcustomerforus.Hecamealmostonceamonthhereandalwayspaidincash.ThenformerpresidentMwaiKibakiandnowpresidentUhuruKenyatta.Theyallliketoenjoyourfood，”Tinsaid.Danis,anofficeworkerofaninsurancecompanyneartheKICCsaidheisafrequenteroftherestaurant.“ItistheonlyChineserestaurantinthehighlycompetitivedowntownarea.Besides,itsfoodhasbeenadaptedtoourtaste，”Danissaid.“Myfavouritedishesarefriedshrimpandfriedpork,whichyoucanalsofindinaKenyanrestaurant.”“High－qualityfoodconsistentlyservedoverthedecadeshashelpedmaintainloyal