2023年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结含答案

2023年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结（含答案）一、名词的数语法填空1.

(2023

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62)Thistrend,...,hashadsomeunintendedside62

(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”，故用复数。2.

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61)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroads...解析：crowds避免拥挤的人群。3.

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67)Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析：invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。短文改错1.

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卷）Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthe

word,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”解析：word-*words后面有并列的三句话，故word用复数words。2.

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卷）Besides,theyoftengetsomeuseful

informations

fromtheInternet.解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。二、代词阅读理解Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay...Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchange

that.AstheKennedy29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.

Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.

Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.

Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.

Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.解析：指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的themusichasfailedtoconnect6withyoungergenerations,比较各选项，只有C正确。语法填空(2023

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67)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67everyday.解析：it指代前句中的therailway。短文改错1.

(2023

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卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.解析：all-*both考查代词。因Mr.andMrs.Zhang是两个人，而all是指三者或三者以上的“都”，故改all为表示两者“都”的both。2.

(2023

全国III

卷）Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesof

your

highschooldays.解析：you—my是“我的”照片，应是“我的”学生时代回忆美好的事。

(P171

第二组第二篇)1canclimbthehills.Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodfor

your

health.Aboveall,Icanlearnmoreaboutnature.解析(P55):your—my由语境可知，应是对“我的”身体有益。三、冠词语法填空1.

(2023

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As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析：a因asaresult固定短语。2.

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62)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas62modelinNewYork.解析：a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。3.

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卷64)

Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.解析：the特指这条路的短文改错1.

(2023

全国1

卷）IstillrememberhowhardAfirstdaywas.解析：在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，也可用my,表示“我学习驾驶的第一天”。2.

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卷）Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析：a改成an/one

因half是以元音音素开头的，表示数量“一”，要用an

或

one。3.

(2023

全国III卷)AroundmeinApicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime解析：在picture前加the或this特指上面提到的这张照片。四、介词语法填空1.

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61)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界）

61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease...解析：as表示“作为”

一种方法。2.

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62)...andallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62work.解析：from因是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回”，toandfromwork意为

“上下班”。3.

(2023

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68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.解析：in表示“某方面的学位”用介词in。又如：take/getadegreeinlaw

获得法律学位。短文改错1.

(2023

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卷]0)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.解析：on-*of考查介词。表示“在y…的中间”是inthemiddleof。2.

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6)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.解析：for考查介词。因buy是及物动词，表示买某物，其后直接接宾语。3.

(2023

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1)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyselfIrealizeofhowfasttimeflies.解析：删除realize后的of因realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句，不再用介词of，故删除。五、并列连词短文改错1.

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卷）Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.解析：so-*but/yet考查并列连词。前后是转折关系。2.

(2023

全国III卷）Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：and—but

因

notonly...butalso

是固定搭配。六、从句连词定语从句语法填空1.

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70)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(口乞;betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood...Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.解析：which引导非限制性定语从句用which。2.

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64)ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who。短文改错1.

(2023

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卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,

that

isontherooftopoftheirhouse.解析：tha卜which考^从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先行词garden是物，用which。2.

(2023

全国III卷）Aroundmeinthepicturearethethings

they

wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime...解析：they-*that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是物，应用

that

或

which。七、谓语动词时态语法填空1.

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67)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt.解析：is主第M称单词，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。2.

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68)Later,engineers68

(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossible...解析：managed这是谓语动词，根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，也用一般过去时。3.

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69)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school69

(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.解析：comes由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时。短文改错(2023

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4)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymind

goes

blank.解析：goes---went上下文均为一般过去时。(2023

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9)Whensummer

came,theywillinvitetheirstudents...解析：came-*comes主句谓语动词willinvite是一般将来吋，从句应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes。(2023

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2)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：had-*have因inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用，故改had

为

have。(2023

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5)Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschooland

become

anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.解析：become-*-became

由

and

可知，become

应与前面的

entered—致，又由从句谓语was可知，用一般过去时。语态语法填空1.

(2023

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卷64)

Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat...Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析：areremoved表示“被移除”，上下文为现在时。2.

(2023

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卷65)

Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers...However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess...解析：wereused因与是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，填wereused。3.

(2023全国III卷

63)Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschool...解析：hasbeentold/wastold由tellsbsth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“己有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态。短文改错(2023

全国

III卷）Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowas

took，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschool...解析：took-*taken这是被动语态，应是was加take的过去分词，而take

的过去分词是taken，故took改为taken。七、非谓语动词语法填空1.(2023

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卷63)

Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主补。2.

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65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：toimprove

由

wanttodosth.可知。3.

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68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。4.

(2023

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卷63)

Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof...解析：laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系，

—起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying(铺)。5.

(2023

全国III卷61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).解析：resting

由

spend...doingsth.可知。短文改错(2023

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10)Whensummercome,theywillinvitetheirstudentsApickthefreshvegetables!解析：在pick前加to考查非谓语动词。由invitesbtodosth可知。八、词类转换语法填空1.

(2023

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卷69)

Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：introduction作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填introductiono2.

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66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66(educate).解析：education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。3.

(2023

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卷69)

However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：careful作表语要用形容词厂4.

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70)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70(success)ofthesenewlines...解析：successful因themostsuccessful为形容词的最高级，后面省略了名词

lineso5.

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70)Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析：certainly修饰动词用副词，意为：这“当然是”有趣的事。6.(2023

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卷66)

Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66

(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析：fairly修饰形容词unpleasant，表示“相当地”，用副词fairly。短文改错*1.

(2023

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卷）ItwasareliefandIcametoa

suddenly

stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.解析：suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。2.

(2023

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卷）Ienjoyedstudying

difference

kindsofcarsandplanes...解析：difference—different在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比较等级语法填空(2023

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66)Even66

(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析：worse表示比这“更糟糕的是”。短文改错1.

(2023

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卷）Afewminutes

late，theinstructoraskedmeto