python接口自动化测试

概念环境准备：你想用的版本（本文介绍的版本3.5的版本。安装后，添加系统环境变量。在cmd中输入python，地址，然后进入cmd。进入下 ，安装pythonsetup.pyinstallcmdpipinstallrequestsimport requests­­/zhhttpwebhttphttpgetpost，put,delete口测试的过程就是(浏览器)向server(服务器端)request一个请求,server得到请求后,response返回给响应数据如在搜索输入selenium-python返回结果，如图 PUT:URL，update。在接口测试中，一般来说,postget指定的数据,put可以对创建成功后的数据进行修改，delete是指定的资源。http状态码含义：1xx:消息 描述100Continue 101SwitchingProtocols 2xx:成功 200 201 202 203Non-­­authoritativeInformation 204NoContent 205ResetContent 206PartialContent 3xx:重定向消息 描述300MultipleChoices 301Moved 302Foundurl303See 304NotModified未按预期修改文档。客户端有缓冲的文档并发出了一个条件性的请求（一般是提供I-­Modd--­Since头表示客户只想比指定日期更新的文305Use客户请求的文档应该通过Location头所指明的服务器提取307TemporaryRedirect 4xx:客户端错误消息:描述400Bad 401 被请求的页面需要用户名和402PaymentRequired403Forbidden对被请求页面的被404NotFound405MethodNot 406NotAcceptable407AuthenticationRequired用户必须首先使用服务器进行验证，这Request GoneLengthRequired tet-­Length"未被定义。如果无此内容，服务器不Precondition RequestEntityTooLarge ut--­urlTooLongurlpost请求被转换为带有很长的查询信息的get请求时，就会发生这种情况。UnsupportedMedia 5xx:服务器错误消息:描述InternalServer Not Bad Service Gateway HTTPVersionNotSupported HTTP协议版四：python接口之http请求importimporturl=''Date:Mon,20Feb201708:08:36Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8Transfer-Encoding:chunkedConnection:CloseVary:Accept-Set-:BAIDUID=D3E5547ACC26D3908EBB29522BABCCD4:FG=1;31-Dec-3723:55:55GMT;max- ;Set-:BIDUPSID=D3E5547ACC26D3908EBB29522BABCCD4;31-Dec-3723:55:55GMT;max- ;Set-: ;expires=Thu,31-Dec-3723:55:55 ;path=/;Set-:BDSVRTM=0;Set-:BD_HOME=0;Set-:H_PS_P=21935_1455_21090_17001_22036;P3P:CP="OTIDSPCORIVAOURINDCOMCache-Control:Cxy_all:baidu Expires:Mon,20Feb201708:08:33GMTServer:BWS/1.1BDPAGETYPE:1BDUSERID:0importimporturllib.requestimporturllib.parseurl='http://openapi/api'data={"key""your","info":你好data=urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')200GETimportimportr=requests.get('https://')'chunked','Pragma':'no-cache','Cache-Control':'private,no-cache,no-store,-revalidate,no-transform','Content-Encoding':'gzip','Date':'Mon,20Feb201708:30:29GMT','Server':'bfe/8','Connection':'keep-alive','Content-Type':'text/html','Set-':'BDORZ=27315;max-age=86400; ;path=/, 03_00_7_N_N_2_0301_002F_N_N_N_0;expires=Mon,20-Feb-1708:30:34GMT;do ;path=/'}importimportpayload={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'r=",结果{"args":"data":"form":"key1":"key2":{"Accept":"Accept-Encoding":"gzip,deflate","Content-Length":"23","Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host":"","User-Agent":"python-"json":"origin":"origin":"url":"五：python数列化和反序列化python的对象编码转json格式的字符串，反序列化可以理解为：把json格式字符串为python数据对象。在python的标准库中，专门提供了json库导入，查看json要方json的主要方法['dump','dumps','load','loads','JSONDecoder','JSONEncoder']import diimport dict1={'name':'leizi','age':24,'address':print(u未序列化前的数据类型为print(u未序列化前的数据:',dict1)#dict1进行序列化的处理print(u序列化后的数据类型为print(u序列化后的数据为结果：未序列化前的数据类型为:<class未序列化前的数据:{'age':24,'name':'leizi','address': 序列化后的数据类型为:<class{"age":24,"name":"leizi","address":我们再反序列化，把json格式的字符串为python的数据对象，见实现的代码和输出importimport ','age':24,'address':print(u未序列化前的数据类型为print(u未序列化前的数据:',dict1)#dict1进行序列化的处理print(u序列化后的数据类型为:',type(str1))print(u序列化后的数据为:',str1)#str1进行反序列print(u反序列化后的数据类型:',type(dict2))print(u反序列化后的数据：',dict2)未序列化前的数据类型为:<class未序列化前的数据:{'age':24,'name':'','address':'序列化后的数据类型为:<class{"age":24,"name":"\u96f7\u5b50","address":反序列化后的数据类型:<class反序列化后的数据：{'age':24,'name':'','address':'结合requests库，来看返回的json数据，具体importimport r=requests.get('http://w/weather_mini?print(r.text,u数据类型print(dic,u数据类型","forecast":[{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"4-5","high":"6℃","type":"多云","low":"2℃","date":"20"},{"fengxiang":"南风","fengli":"微风级","high":"高温1℃","type":"低温-","fengli":"3-4","high":"8℃","type":"阴","low":"日星期三","high":"8℃","type":"晴","low":"2℃","date":"23"},{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"微风级","high":"低温-","fx":"北风","high":"高温15℃","type":"多云","low":"低温-{'status':1000,'data':{'city':'','yesterday':{'fx':'北风'low':2℃'},'forecast':[{'fengxiang':'low':2℃','fengli':4-5'date':'20'high':'date':'21'high':1℃','type':'high':8℃','type':{'fengxiang':'low':2℃','fengli':date':'23'高温8℃','type':'晴'},{'fengxiang':'北风','low':'低温-'fengli':'date':'24'high':10℃','type':'ganmao':据类型:<class'dict'>五：使用python进行组织编写接口测试用例拿到接口的url地址查看接口是用什么方式发送添加请求头，请求体发送查看返回结果，校验返回结果是否正确importimport#url=/v2transapi"#params="from":"en","to":"zh","query":"test}##r=requests.request("post",url,##其实到上面就已经完了，因 不字importd=json.loads(r.text)importurlimporturl=/v2transapiparams="from":"en","to":"zh","query":"study"}r=requests.request("post",url,importd=importimportclassTestbaiduapi(unittest.TestCase):defsetUp(self):url= /v2transapideftestzhen(self):params={"from":"en","to":"zh","query":"study"}url=/v2transapi"r=requests.request("post",url, u'学习'indeftestzhen1params=url=r=requests.request("post",url,params=params) u学'in name=='main'在python中，提供了HTMLTestRunner.py来生成测试报告，把该文件后，直接放到安装文件的lib 下importrequests,unittest,json,HTMLTestRunnerclassTestbaiduapi(unittest.TestCase):defurl= /v2transapi"deftestzhen(self):params={"from":"en","to":"zh","query":"study"}url= /v2transapi"r=requests.request("post",url,params=params) u学习'inr['liju_result']['tag']deftestzhen2(self):params="from":"en","to":"h","query":"stud"}url= /v2transapi"r=requests.request("p