2023翻译考试高级笔译模拟试题及答案

第页共页2023翻译考试高级笔译模拟试题及答案2023翻译考试高级笔译模拟试题及答案【试题1】Numerousscientificstudiesconductedsince1939haveindicatedthatsmokingisveryharmfultohealth.Legislationisbadlyneededtobanalladvertisingoftobaccoproductsasitpersuadespeopletosmokemoreandsoisinalargepartresponsibleforpeoplewithdeterioratinghealthorthosewhodiedoflungcancer.【参考译文】自从1939年以来，人们做了大量的科学研究确定了烟草对人体安康危害极大。急需立法来制止各种烟草产品的广告宣传。因为这种广告总是劝人们吸更多的烟，因此在很大程度应对那些安康状况恶化或由肺癌致死的人们负责。【试题2】LifeoriginatedintheearlyseaslessthanabillionyearsaftertheEarthwasformed.Yetanotherthreebillionyearsweretopassbeforethefirstplantsandanimalsappearedonthecontinents.Life’stransitionfromtheseatothelandwasperhapsasmuchofanevolutionarychallengeaswasthegenesisoflife.WhatformsoflifewereabletomakesuchadrasticchangeinlifestyleThetraditionalviewofthefirstterrestrialorganismsisbasedonmegafossils--relativelylargespecimensofessentiallywholeplantsandanimals.Vascularplants,relatedtomodernseedplantsandferns,leftthefirstprehensivemegafossilrecord.Becauseofthis,ithasbeenmonlyassumedthatthesequenceofterrestrializationreflectedtheevolutionofmodernterrestrialecosystems.Inthisview,primitivevascularplatsfirstcolonizedthemarginsofcontinentalwaters,followedbyanimalsthatfedontheplants,andlastlybyanimalsthatpreyedontheplant-eaters.Moreover,themegafossilssuggestthatterrestriallifeappearedanddiversifiedexplosivelyneartheboundarybetweentheSilurianandtheDevonianperiods,alittlemorethan400millionyearsago.Recently,however,paleontologistshavebeentakingacloserlookatthesedimentsbelowthisSilurian-Devoniangeologicalboundary.Itturnsoutthatsomefossilscanbeextractedfromthesesedimentsbyputtingtherocksinanacidbath.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.Althoughtheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,manyofthefossilsconsistoftheorganicremainsoftheorganism.Thesenewlydiscoveredfossilshavenotonlyrevealedtheexistenceofpreviouslyunknownorganisms,buthavealsopushedbackthesedatesfortheinvasionoflandbymulticellularorganisms.Ourviewsaboutthenatureoftheearlyplantandanimalmunitiesarenowbeingrevised.Andwiththoserevisionsenewspeculationsaboutthefirstterrestriallife-forms.【参考译文】在地球形成不到十亿年的时间后，生命就起于早期的海洋了。然而(按照以前通行的观点)，要再过30亿年，第一批动植物才出如今大陆上。或许，正如生命的起一样，生命从海洋向陆地的过渡，同样在进化论上受到质疑。什么形式的`生命能使其生活方式发生如此惊人的变化?对于第一批登陆的生物，传统的观点是建立在巨化石根底上的，这些巨化石是一些根本上完好的动植物的较大标本。与现代种子植物和蕨类植物有种属相关的微管植物，留下了一批巨化石记录。因此，人们可以推测，生命登陆的次序反映了现代陆生系统的进化。按照这种观点，维管植物首先移居到大陆水域的周边，其次是以这种植物为食的动物，最后是吃这种食草动物的动物。而且，巨化石也说明(提示)，在四亿多年前的志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间(在志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间，即四亿多年前)，陆生生命已经出现，种类也急剧增加。但是最近，古生物学家一直对志留纪-盆泥纪抵抗界限以下的积淀物进展更为周密的调查。结果说明，将岩石放在一些盛有酸的容器里，一些化石就能从这些沉淀物中离析出来。这项技术从古海洋岸边的沉积物中又发现了新的证据植物的微小