2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案

第页共页2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案1.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Theword“outstanding”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)extensive广阔的规模大的(B)surprising(C)vertical垂直的'(D)excellent2.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzamden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theword“site”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)exle(B)location(C)development(D)characteristic3.Thequalityofpreservationisalmostu____atched,andquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.Thephrase“accountfor”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)record(B)describe(C)equal(D)explainThewords“asupremacy”inline9areclosestinmeaningto(A)asuggestion(B)animprovement(C)adominance控制力(D)adevelopment5.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenieenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableof无数的myriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoaship,percussivebrilliance.Theword“myriad”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)noticeable(B)many(C)loud(D)unusual6.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazis'supremeachievements.AtleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theword“supreme”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostmon(B)mostoutstanding(C)mostexpensive(D)mostconvenient7.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Theword“settle”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)sink(B)decide(C)clarify(D)locate(A)arrivingat(B)carving(C)connecting(D)climbing9.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoa严肃的solemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Theword“solemn”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)simple(B)serious(C)short(D)silent10.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallyposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Theword“posed”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)selected(B)bined(C)played(D)createdTheword“scores”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)totals(B)successes(C)musicalpositions(D)groupsofmusicians11.TheEarth包括prisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocksthataresemimoltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.Theword“prises”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adaptsto(B)benefitsfrom(C)consistsof(D)focuseson12.TheseplatesmoveoverthesemimoltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographicalfeaturesoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintense极端的deformationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Theword“intense”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surface(B)sudden(C)rare(D)extreme13.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexle,byvolcaniceruptionsoflavaatmidoceanridges.Theword“margins”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)edges(B)peaks(C)interiors(D)distances14.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents,ariftisformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbeefloodedbythesea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmoveinoppositedirections.Theword“support”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)separate(B)create(C)reduce(D)hold15.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.Theword“appreciation”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ignorance(B)recognition(C)tolerance(D)forgiveness16.AnalienexploringEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytothepla'sdominant,most-distinctivefeature-theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Theword“bias”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)concern(B)disadvantage(C)attitude(D)prejudice17.TheprevailingwindsintheGreatBasinarefromthewest.Warm,moistairfromthePacificOceanisforcedupwardasitcrossestheSierraNevada.Theword“prevailing”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostfrequent(B)occasional(C)gentle(D)mostdangerous18.Thereseemtohavebeenseveralperiodswithinthelasttensofthousandsofyearswhenwateraccumulatedinthesebasins.TheriseandfallofthelakeswereundoubtedlylinkedtotheadvancesandretreatsofthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredmuchofthenorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentduringthosetimes.Theword“accumulated”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dried(B)flooded(C)collected(D)evaporated浓缩的脱水的19.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?Thephrase“bizarre”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)odd奇怪的(B)marine(C)simple(D)rare20.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbeestoopolluted.Thephrase“castsoff”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)growsagain(B)grabs(C)getsridof(D)usesasaweapon21.Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatis同性质的homogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Theword“homogeneous”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)uniform正确答案(B)general(C)primitive(D)traditional22.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.Thephrase“largelyrenounces”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)generallyrejects放弃回绝(B)greatlymodifies修改(C)loudlydeclares(D)oftencriticizes23.Secularinstitutions,ofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.劝说流行占优势获胜Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.Theword“prevails”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dominates统治(B)provides(C)develops(D)invests24.Conventionalputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowputerstodiscernthesubtle微妙的细微的atmosphericchangesthatprecedethesestorms.Theword“subtle”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)plex(B)regular(C)imagined(D)slight25.municationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmodernputerscanquicklypileandanalyzingthislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Theword“pile”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)puttogether(B)lookup(C)pile堆high(D)workover检查研究重做毒打26.Meteorologistsandputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesignputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Theword“raw”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)stormy(B)inaccurate(C)uncooked(D)unprocesse