法律英语词汇课件

法律英语词汇法律英语词汇TextI SourcesofEnglishLawTerms: commonlaw,equity,caselaw,treaty,(EUlaw)regulation,directive,decision;(public&private)act,bill,RoyalAssent,delegatedlegislation(secondarylegislation),ratiodecidendiPropernames:UKParliament,EU(EC),ECJ,HLTextI SourcesofEnglishLawTTextI SourcesofEnglishLawOutline(para.1)Introduction:2sensesof “sourcesoflaw”(para.2-10)6specificsourcesof EnglishlawTextI SourcesofEnglishLawOQuestionsbasedonpartI1.Whatarethe2sensesof“sourcesoflaw”?2.Whatistheunderlyingprincipleofsuchdistinctions?QuestionsbasedonpartI1.WhQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“communitylaw(EUlaw)”WhyistheUKsubjecttotheEUlaw?Whatarethe3formsofEuropeanlaw?IftheUKlawisinconflictwiththeEUlaw,thenwhichlawshallprevail?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“legislation”1.HowdoesthetextdistinguishthetypesofActsofParliament?2.Whatisabill?Howisabilldifferentfromanact?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“delegatedlegislation”1.Whatdoesdelegatedlegislationreferto?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“caselaw”WhatistheroleofjudicialdecisionsinEnglishlaw?Howdoesthedoctrineofjudicialprecedentoperate?Howisjudicialcreativityorjudicialdiscretionrepresented?Whatisthecheckonjudicialpower?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“legaltextbook”1.Whenarelegaltextbookscalledintouse?2.Whatkindoflegaltextbookscanbereferredtoindecidingcases?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForQuestionsbasedonpartIIFor“custom”Howdoyouunderstandtheline(para.9)“Theromanticviewof…travelaroundtheworld”?Whatarethe2typesofcustomarysourceoflawaccordingtothetext?Whataretherequirementsforacustomtobeusedasasourceoflaw?QuestionsbasedonpartIIForTermsandpropernamescommonlaw:普通法，习惯法1.cf.civillaw:大陆法commonlaw:指广义的习惯法，包括衡平法 （equity）和判例法（caselaw）2.cf.equity衡平法（fairsystemoflawsor systemofBritishlawwhichdevelopedinparallelwiththecommonlawtomakethe commonlawfairer）commonlaw:在习惯法系统下，案件要进入诉讼程 序必须符合“严格的诉讼形式”，衡平法则无需遵守3.cf.statutorylaw:成文法commonlaw:指由法院判决内容累积而成的法律规 范，而成文法指以抽象条文方式规范具体案件的法律内容TermsandpropernamescommonlTermsandpropernamesEU:theEuropeanUnionEC:theEuropeanCommunity:the predecessorofEUConstitutionofECEuratom:theEuropeanAtomicEnergy Community欧洲原子能共同体ECSC:theEuropeanCoalandSteel Community欧洲煤钢联营EEC:theEuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲 经济共同体TermsandpropernamesEU:theTermsandpropernamesUKParliament

theHouseofLords(dualfunction:legislatureandjudiciary)theHouseofCommonsUSCongresstheSenatetheHouseofRepresentativesTermsandpropernamesUKParliTermsandpropernamesDoctrineofstaredecisis

Whereprecedentmerelyrequiresthatcourtslooktopreviousdecisionsforguidance,staredecisisrequiresthatacourtfollowtheirowndecisionsandthedecisionsofhighercourtswithinthesamejurisdiction. Forexample,intheU.S.,astatetrialcourtmustallowitsowndecisionsandthedecisionsofappellatecourtsinthatstate;anintermediateappellatecourtmustfollowitsowndecisionsandthedecisionsofthestate’shighestappellatecourt.FederalcourtsofappealmustgenerallyfollowtheirownpriordecisionsandthoseoftheU.S.StatesSupremeCourt,buttheyarenotboundbydecisionsoffederaldistrictcourtsorotherappellatecourts.

TermsandpropernamesDoctrineTermsandpropernamesTwotypesofjudicialprecedents

Bindingprecedent:Wherethedoctrineofstaredecisisapplies,precedentisbindingandacourt’soptionsarelimited.Acourtmustharmonizetheresultinthepresentcasewithpastdecisions.Onlyafterexplainingwhypreviouscasesareinapplicablemayacourtfashionnewrulesormodifyexistingones.Acourtmayneverignoreorcontradictbindingprecedent.

Persuasiveprecedent:Wherethedoctrineofstaredecisisisnotapplicable,aswithdecisionsfromotherjurisdictionsorlowercourtsinthesamejurisdiction,courtsarefreetofollowpreviousdecisionsorignorethem.Althoughcourtsarenotboundbysuchdecisions,theyremainpersuasivebecausetheirreasoningcanilluminatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem.TermsandpropernamesTwotypeTermsandpropernamesratiodecidendi

判决理由Judicialdiscretion

司法自由裁量权TermsandpropernamesratiodeExercisesB.Partialtranslation1.Whenthenationallawandtheinternationallawareinconsistent,twoimportantprinciplescanhelptoresolvetheconflict.2.Thevariousstateconstitutionsrepresentthehighestlawofthestates.3.Asaresult,itismoreandmoreimportanttounderstandnationalandinternationallaws.ExercisesB.Partialtranslatio

Exercises

1.公法影响全体公众，而私法只影响有限的一部分人，他们或者是特定的人群，或者是在特定地点里的人。2.有约束力的司法判例是普通法体系的一个特征，这是基于一个总的原则：一旦法院在特定的情形中确定了法律上的立场，那么在将来重大事实情节相同的任何案例中，法院也将达成同样的判决。3.在英国的法庭上，由法学作者所编写的书并不常被引用，这与许多大陆国家的做法相反。以前在英国引用法学作者的书很少得到许可，而且也仅限于几个有名的权威人士。近来这个规则放宽了些，可被接受的作者也增加了。

Exercises

1.公法影响全体公众，而私法只影响有Exercises4.Atpresent,thereareover3000lawsandregulationsinChina,coveringtheareasofpolitics,economy,militaryaffairs,culture,scienceandtechnology,education,marriageandfamily.5.UndertheguidanceofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsdevelopedbyDengXiaoping,Chinahasembarkedontheroadofruleoflawandenteredanewcourseofdemocracyandlegalsystem.Exercises4.Atpresent,thereTextIITypesofLawWords:proprietary,wrong,offender(offend,offense),term,penal,levy,incur,pronouncement,code,statutePhrases:becategorizedas,beconcernedwith,seekredress,compensatefor,asopposedto,takeactionagainst,differfromTerms:substantive/procedurallaw,public/privatelaw,civil/criminallaw,tort,civil/commonlaw,judge-madelaw,constitutionallaw,caselaw,statutorylaw,executiveorder,administrativelawTextIITypesofLawWords:prQuestionbaseonTextIIHowdoesthetextcategorizelaw?QuestionbaseonTextIIHowdoTermstort

侵权-Anegligentorintentionalcivilwrongnotarisingoutofacontractorstatute.Theseinclude"intentionaltorts"suchasbatteryordefamation,andtortsfornegligence.

Atortisanactthatinjuressomeoneinsomeway,andforwhichtheinjuredpersonmaysuethewrongdoerfordamages.Legally,tortsarecalledcivilwrongs,asopposedtocriminalones.(Someactslikebattery,however,maybebothtortsandcrimes;thewrongdoermayfacebothcivilandcriminalpenalties.)Termstort侵权TextIIICaseReadingCaseAUsefulexpressions:interalia,enter(ajudgment),(theact,law,etc.)providesthat…,takeaccountof,feelsympathyfor,decideacaseinfavorof/againstsb.,takeeffect,onthewrongsideofsth.,beyonddispute,courtoflaw,beboundby(cf.bebindingon),giveeffectto,comeintooperationTerms:damages,hearing,liability,hardcasePropernames:QB,CourtofAppeal,M.R.,LJJTextIIICaseReadingCaseATextIIICaseReadingCaseBUsefulexpressions:exparte,bywayof,under(regulations,articles),deprivesb.ofsth.,interpret/construelaw,memberstate,nationalregister,inquestion,dispensewith,inrespectof,besubjecttoTerms:judicialreview,preliminaryruling,charterer(charterparty),residencecf.domicilePropernames:R.,AllER,EECTreaty,DivisionalCourtTextIIICaseReadingCaseBTermsandpropernamesdamages损害赔偿金-Thefinancialcompensationawardedtosomeonewhosufferedaninjuryorwasharmedbysomeoneelse'swrongfulact.

Theindemnitygivenbylaw,toberecoveredfromawrongdoerbythepersonwhohassustainedaninjury,eitherinhisperson,property,orrelativerights,inconsequenceoftheactsofanother.

Damagesaregiveneitherforbreachesofcontractsorfortortiousacts.

TermsandpropernamesdamagesTermsandpropernameshearing听证会-Alegalproceeding-otherthanatrial-heldbeforeajudge,magistrateorcourtcommissioner.

Atatrial,disputedquestionsoffactandlawareresolvedandthecaseisconcluded-althoughthepartiesmayappeal.Atahearing,ontheotherhand,preliminaryissues,variousmotions,proceduralissues(e.g.discoverydisputes,grantingadefaultoruncontesteddivorce)andpost-trialmodificationsandenforcementsareheard,oftenbasedonwrittensubmissionsofevidenceorpointsoflawratherthanlivetestimony.

TermsandpropernameshearingTermsandpropernamesliability法律责任、义务-anylegalresponsibility,dutyorobligationThestateofonewhoisboundinlawandjusticetodosomethingwhichmaybeenforcedbyaction.Thisliabilitymayarisefromcontractseitherexpressorimpliedorinconsequenceoftortscommitted.

liabilities(pl.)债务、赔偿责任-financialdebtsorobligationsTermsandpropernamesliabilitTermsandpropernameshardcase（用于司法判决中的一个术语）棘手案件，疑难案件-acasedifficulttoadjudicateHardcasesmakebadlaw.难以处理的案件使法律徒有虚名。TermsandpropernameshardcasTermsandpropernamesThe3divisionsoftheHighCourt（高等法院）intheUK:seethecourthierarchyonP156)-ChanceryDivision大法官庭-QB:Queen’sBench(Division)王座庭-FamilyDivision家事庭TermsandpropernamesThe3TermsandpropernamesM.R.(MasteroftheRolls)（英）案卷保管主事官J.(Justice)法官CJ(ChiefJustice)主审法官LJ(LordJusticeofAppeal)（英）上诉法院常任法官LJJ(LordJusticesofAppeal):LJ的复数TermsandpropernamesM.R.(MaTermsandpropernamesjudicialreview司法审查preliminaryruling（欧洲法院对欧共体和有关条约的解释等所作的）先决裁定，先行裁决charterparty租约-Acontractofaffreightmentinwritingbywhichtheownerofashiporothervesselletsthewhole,orapartofher,toamerchantorotherpersonfortheconveyanceofgoodsonaparticularvoyageinconsideratio