高三英语语法专题复习译林版 知识精讲

wordwordPAGEPAGE1/7高三英语语法专题复习译林版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：二.教学目标：冠词复习三.教学重难点：冠词的复习与运用冠词的用法：冠词：定冠(the) 不定冠(a,an)一、定冠词的根本用法定冠词的特指用法词：Isawagirlandanoldmaninthehouse.Theoldmanmustbethegirl’sgrandfather.Heorderedsomebookslastmonth.Thebookshavenowarrived.IsthisthetrainforShanghai?Theflowersinhergardensmellfragrant.Hereisthelettertobe posted.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：I’mjustbackfromthemarket.Hasthepostmanbeenhere?当名词前带有first,next,last,same,only等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：WhenisthenextflighttoBeijing?Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.ThisistheonlycopyIhaveevercollected.定冠词的类指用法1〕用定冠+单数名词〞可指整个类,区别于另一个类Thetigerandthecatbelongtothesamefamilyof mammals.Thebookisusedfortheteacher,notforthestudent.2)TheEnglishhavehadlongtraderelationswiththeChinese.3)“用定冠词+普通形容词〞可指一类人。theblind;thedying;thelearned4Hesayshekeepsawayfromthelawyersandthedoctors.定冠词的其他用法在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：PAGEPAGE2/7wordthesun, themoon, theearth,thenorthernpole, theequator在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，ft脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词theWestLake, theAtlantic,theChangjiangriver在乐器名称前，要用定冠词TomplayedthepianoandIplayedtheviolin.TheBrownshavearrived.用在表示单位的名词前Hegetspaidbytime.*Hegetspaidbytheday/bythehour.二、不定冠词的根本用法不定冠词a,an用于泛指和类指。不定冠词的泛指用法Theyliveinahouse.不定冠词的类指用法不定冠词与单数名词搭配可类指，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。Acarmustbeinsured.Achildneedslove.*要注意区别“不定冠词+单数名词〞的类指用法与泛指用法，这要依上下文来判定。HeboughtanEnglishdictionary.〔 〕HeneedsanEnglishdictionary.〔 〕Achildcametomyroom.()Achildmustbeeducatedinsomeway.()不定冠词的指量用法不定冠词在如下结构中有“一个〞的含义，属于指量用法：Iwillbebackinadayortwo.Acarruns80kilometersanhour.三、零冠词的用法“+复数名词或不可数名词〞可用于泛指。Pencils,pens,andpiecesofpaperwerespreadalloverthetable.ThismorningIonlyhadmilkforbreakfast.零冠词的类指用法：“零冠词+复数名词〞，侧重指类别中的许多个体。Tractorshavetakentheplaceofhorses.“零冠词+抽象名词或物质名词〞也可类指。Practicemakesperfect.*零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。Maryasked“WhyisFatheroutofwork?〞Teacherwaspleasedwithourwork.零冠词的其他用法：*在表示餐食，交通工具，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。AfterlunchIusuallytakeanap.wordwordPAGEPAGE3/7Iusuallytravelbytrain,notbyair.Hesentthemessagenotbypost,butbyradio.*在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。Springhascomearoundagain.InFebruary,itisalreadyverywarminHainan.OnSundayIusuallytakemychildrentothepark.*表示头衔、职位的名词前。Whoiscaptainofyourteam?Johnwaselectedchairmanofthecommittee.*turn作系动词时，后面的名词前不用冠词。Hewasamedicalstudentbeforeheturnedwriter.【典型例题】[例1]全国卷II)19.——Couldyoutellmethewayto Johnsons,please?——Sorry,wehave Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;the B.the;a C./;the D.the;/答案：B，[例2]卷)22.Ilookedunder bedandfound bookIlostlastweek.A.the;a B.the: the C.不填；the D.the；不答案：B，[例3]某某卷3.Iwantedtocatch earlytrain,butget ridetostation.A.an,the B./,the C.an,/ D.the,a答案：D，[例4]重庆)24.GorgerememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat church.A./;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;a答案：C，[例5]福建)22.——Howabout Christmaseveningparty?——Ishouldsayitwas success.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;不填 D.the;不答案：B，[例6]四川)22.Howabouttaking shortbreak?Iwanttomake A.the；a B.a；the C.the；the D.a；a答案：D，[例7]陕西)17.In filmCastHanksplays mannamedNoland.A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;a答案：B，[例8]浙江)4.Ilike colorofyourskirt.Itis goodmatchforyourblouse.A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the答案：C[例9](湖南)23.Polarbearslivemostlyon seaice,whichtheyuseas platformforhuntingseals.A.a;a B.a;the C.不;a D.the;不答案：C[例10](江西卷)26.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoonbalanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.A.a;/ B.the;a C.the;the D./;a答案：A[例11]江苏)21.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat 2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe success.A./…aB.the…/ C.the…a D.a…a答案：C[例12](辽宁卷)21.Christmasis specialholidaywhen wholefamilysupposedtogettogether.A.the,the B.a,a C.the,a D.a,the答案：D[例13](ft东)21. walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring packedlunch.A.A;a B.The;不填 C.The;a D.A;不答案：C【模拟试题】一、单项选择题Johnspenttoomuchtimetalkingon phonewhilewewereallbusyat work.the;/ B.a;/ C./;/ D.the;theYoucanhave secondtryifyoufail firsttime.A.the;/ B./;a C.the;a D.a;theIdidn’ttellhim newsatoncebecauseIwantedtogivehim A.a;a B.the;the C.the;a D./;the——WhoisyourEnglishteacher?——Mr.White, Europeanworkingin NanjingUniversity.A.an;the B.a;the C.an;/ D.a;/Whenwestudyaglobe,wecansee isthelargestoceanand thelargestcontinent.thePacific;Asia B.Pacific;theAsiaC.thePacific;theAsiaD.Pacific;AsiaThesoldierwaswoundedin ,buthecaughttheenemyofficerby .theknee;thearm B.hisknee;hisarmC.hisknee;thearmD.theknee;hisarmAccordingtotherecentreports,oneoftherareanimals, crocodile,isin dangerdyingout.A.the;the B.the;/ C./;/ D./;theIdon’tknowwhoinvented telescope,butIthinkitis mostusefulinvention.A.the;the B.the;a C.a;the D.a;aThingsof kindcometogether;peopleofamindfallinto samegroup.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;the D.the;aWemustpayspecialattentiontotheidiomsof Englishlanguage.A.the B.some C.an D./PAGEPAGE5/7wordMybrotherandIwantedtoseethenewplay,butweweren’tabletogettheticketsfor twoofus.A./ B.the C.among D.between——Tinalooksespeciallyprettytonight.——Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin ofthatcolor.dress B.adress C.thatdress D.thedressWeelectedTom monitorofourclassfor secondtime./;a B.the;a C.the;the D.a;aChild,don’tworrytoomuchabout mistakes.They’re_ naturalpartoflearningsomething.the;the B./;the C.the;/ D./;a——Where’sKate?——Isupposeshe’sstillin bed,butshemightjustbein /;the B./;/ C.the;/ D.the;theJudgingfrom numberofcars,only smallnumberofpeoplehavecometoconference.a;the B.a;a C.the;the D.the;a——WhatwasMaryonce?——Shewas professorofmedicinebeforesheturned writer.a;the B.a;/ C.the;/ D.the;the——Iheartheworkersinhisfactoryarepaidby week.——Correct,andmostofthemgetabout400yuan week.the;a B.a;the C./;a D.the;/Couldyoudome favortoturnonthelight?A.a B.the C./ D.someShearrivedhereby wayofHongKong.In wayherhealthismuchimproved,butshestilldoesn’tfeelwell.A./;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;theIrememberthewriterlivesin west,soweshouldhead west.A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./;/Youhavemissed 〞inyourspellingof word〞.A.an;a B.an;the C.a;the D.the;/Aliceisfondofplaying pianowhileHerryisinterestedinlisteningto music./,the B./,/ C.the,/ D.the,theBeyond stars,theastronautsawnothingbut space.the,/ B./,the C./,/ D.the,theAlexanderGrahamBellinvented telephonein1876./ B.a C.the D.oneHesawthroughthelittleboy’stricks .atglanceB.attheglanceC.atsomeglanceD.ataglanceManypeoplearestillin habitofwritingsillythingsin publicplaces.the,the B./,/ C.the,/ D./,theShe is importantdiscoveries.

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chemistry, but she has already made somewordwordPAGEPAGE6/7the,the B.the,/ C.a,/ D.a,29.——I’dlike informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.——Well,youcouldhave wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aManypeopleagreethat knowledgeofEnglishisamustin internationaltoday.a;不填 B.the;an C.the;the D.不填;the二、单词拼写根据所给句子意思以与汉语或首字母提示，写出如下各句中所缺单词的正确形式。Shehadacquiredmuch 智慧)duringherlonglife.Wealllikehimthoughheisapersonwithmanys .Ifyoucanovercomeyourp ,you’llsucceedhere.Aneclipseofthemoon月蚀)isararep .Hewas 征召入伍)intothearmylastyear.Theorganizationd foodandblanketstotheearthquakevictims.WhenIwasillIcompletelylostmy 食欲、胃口Thecompanyhas )anewcontractwiththemanagement.Ihavereadyourproposalandgivensomeserioust toit.Thereport 矛盾)whatweheardyesterday.三、阅读理解Manyteenagersfeelthatthemostimportantpeopleintheirlivesaretheirfriends.Theybelievethattheirfamilymembers,especiallytheirparents,don’tknowthemaswellastheirfriendsdo.Inlargefamilies,itisoftenforbrothersandsisterstofightwitheachotherandthentheycanonlygototheirfriendsforadvice.Itisveryimportantforteenagerstohaveonegoodfriendormanyfriends.Evenwhentheyarenotwiththeirfriends,theyusuallyspendalotoftimetalkingamongthemselvesonthephone.Thiscommunicationisveryimportantinchildren’sgrowingup,becausefriendscandiscusssomethingdifficulttosaytotheirfamilymembers.However,parentsoftentrytochoosefriendsfortheirchildren.Someparentsmayevenstoptheirchildrenfrommeetingtheirgoodfriends.Thequestionof“choice 〞isaninterestingHaveyoueverthoughtofthefollowingquestions?Whochoosesyourfriends?