2019年北京卷英语高考真题文档版(含答案)

绝密★启用前

（北京卷）年普通高等学校招生全国

统一考试2019

英语

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

分）45第一部分：知识运用（共两节，

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

第一节语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，

共15分)

1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的阅读下列短文，根据短文内

容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwith

butterfliesinmystomach.Il(voice)my

"Shehandedmeadvice."biggestconcerntomy

mother."HowwillImakefriends?Beyourself.For

the

2past20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwill

graduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously

(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto(I)the

twosimplewords"Beyourself".3

B

4(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingto

raiseEarthDay,publicawarenessabout

environmentalprotection.Firstcelebratedl970,theDay

nowincludeseventsinmorethan190countries5

(activity)onandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyou

liketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6

thepossibilitiesare—EarthDay.Youcanplantatree,

makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower

endless.

C

(suggest)that,for7Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattend

reallymatter?Researchonthequestion

What,studentsdodoesn'8theygo.Theatcollegeseemsto

mattermuchmorethanmoststudents,it

aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,taking

full9studentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

advantageofthecollege,schancesdresourcesan(资源).

Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollege

beforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit's

nevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthy

1

and10(meaning)collegeexperience.

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个

选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。

Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,

PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhis

neighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.

Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWi1sonhasbeenlIfree

ridestocollegestudentsforthepasteight

13amastonishing64,000miles,years.Sincehefirst

startedl2hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas

14andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorouswiththe

studentshetransportstoandfromschool.

'vealsoThestudentswhohe's15havegoneontobecome

physicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey

16gotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodel

andafriendinWilson.Somestudentscallhim

.""Grandpa

TinaSternl7ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsin

college,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoher

.It5snotjustaride；you'renotjustsittingthere

inl8thanjustfreel9silenceorwithyourheadphones

on."Sternsaid."Heasksyouquestionsand

actually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,

11'he样獴?样潼獴爆21

WiIsonfirstworkedasadriverthrougha

student-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,On

22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheir

classes,WilsonPointforCollege.Althoughthe

oftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthe

students.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.

Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertain

dailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetothenearest

'sneededlfastudent.getshungryonthelongdrivestoand

fromschool,Wilsonneverstoreandpurchasewhat

25tobuythemameal.

Wilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it'salso

entirely26forthemtobeabletoFormanystudents,

completetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon'

ethavreliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicles

ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheirwith

parentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,

education—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustas

muchfromthe29."IjustlovedrivingandIlove

tobeapartofthesekids30(na)'thesekids,Wilsonsaid.

Itssuch',even

justlivesforafewhours,getting

潴欠潮?椁泡愠擎集储械柿玻散物独潴械徼爆

11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing

2

12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering

D.wanderedB.coveredC.measuredl3.A.paved

D.conversations^.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.

negotiations

D.greetedC.addressedB.drivenl5.A.met

D.alreadyC.onceA.evenB.everl6.

I),demandedl?.C.assessedA.earnedB.received

18.A.transportationD.communicationC.timeB.style

19.D.suspiciousB.awkwardC.ridiculousA.forced

20.B.recitesD.remembersA.selectsC.guesses

21.1).agreeonA.actonC.checkonB.settleon

22.C.collegeB.leagueD.programmeA.club

A.farC.beyondD.forwards23.B.around

24.B.watchA.assistC.urgeD.warn

25.C.managesB.attemptsA.expectsD.hesitates

26.B.unusual!）.adequateA.extraC.necessary

27.C.repairB.fuelD.exchangeA.share

28.D.convincedC.remindedB.allowedA.required

29.B.arrangementC.appreciationA.experienceD.

employment

30.D.convenienceC.privilegeB.ambitionA.effort

分）40第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，

15小题；每小题2分，共30分）第一节（共

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选

出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddo

somethingworthwhileatthesametime?Youcando

allthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation

(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou,wherever'atyougoand

whateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you'11createpositive

changesinapoorandremotecommunity(社区).

Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Most

ofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneed

volunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremely

importantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofour

programmes.

Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,

andcommunicationofficers.

3

Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoinc

Leaseacommunity'ssaccestosafedrinkingwater,

orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalso

designanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.

you'11alsolearnnewskillsandincreaseNotonlywill

youhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,

1become,1yourlifelongfriends,yourculturalawareness.

Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho

Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：

Schedule

Country

4-weekprogrammes?-weekprogrammes

20Jun.—1Aug.5Jul.—7Aug.Algeria

19Jun.—24Jul.—20Aug.6Aug.Egypt

18Jun.16Aug.20Jul.----5Aug.Kenya

15Jun.2Aug.—29Aug."—2Aug.SouthAfrica

GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembers

andlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpis

needed.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentof

poorandremotecommunities.

ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusas

avolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskills

whilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.

FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:

Website:

Email:humanresources@

31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

A.Toseeklocalpartners.B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.

D.Tofosterculturalawareness.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes.

32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.

A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.SouthAfrica

33.ThesharedgoalofGDA'sprojectsisto.

A.explorenewculturesB.protecttheenvironment

C.gaincorporatebenefitsD.helpcommunitiesinneed

B

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（仓U业者）,whoin

May2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythe

timeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollars

withtheinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcould

4

savekidsteeth,'insteadofdestroyingthem.

ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Onthe

outing,shewasofferedacandybar.However,

herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforher

teeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.So

shedesiredtogetroundthewarning,Whycan'Itmake

ahealthycandythat'goodsformyteethsothatmy

parentscan'tsaynotoWithit?thatinmind,Mooreaskedher

dadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.He

recommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentists

aboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.

Withherdad'permission,shespentthenexttwoyears

researchingonlineandconductingtrialstogeta

recipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.

Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteeth

cleaning.

Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandy

onlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoral

bacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofthe

ground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheir

firstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,who

finallyagreedtosellMooreproduct—CanCandy.'s

ssuccessgrows,sodoesMooreAsCanCandy"s

credibi1ityyoungasentrepreneura.Mooreisenthusiastic

'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.She

hopesthateverykidcanaboutthecandyshecreated,and

she

haveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.

help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenage

life.AlthoughMeanwhile,withherparents'she

foundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdriven

primarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalent

t

hertalentandhelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates

10%ofAilieCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.With

determination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimit

forAliceMoore.

34.HowdidMoorereacttoher'swarning?

B.Shetriedtofindawayout.D.dadA.Shearguedwith

him.

C.Shepaidnoattention.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.A.Itisbeneficialtodental

health.

5

D.ItisproducedtoadentistsC.Itissweeterthanother

candies,recipe.'

36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.

37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMooresstory?'

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.

C

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeople

nowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumbersthey

.Wearefinallywakinguptothe)tknowBy.nextyear,

halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈don'

severityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopinga

groupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtoprevent

)5itstoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese"

solutions(解决方案scammersfromgettingthrough.

Unfortunately,

snotjustgoingtoit'becomewidelyavailable,scammers

willhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,

re'hetherthevoiceyoubethenumberyouseeonyourscreen

thatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionw

hearingisactuallyreal.

)andautomationtechnologiesthat处理sbecausethere

areanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(That)

e,ompanyshowedanewsI/OConferenac，Atthisyearare

abouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.

aitwasabietospeaktovoicethattoproducesucha

convincingvoicetechnologyablehuman-sounding

receptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection,

robocallsmuchworse.ThereasonthatThesedevelopments

arelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswith

of)amountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches

(数据侵入robocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowith

sname,andfarmore,ledtoasituationwherescammers

caneasilylearnyourmother'personalinformationhas

Armedwiththisknowledge,theyreabletocarryout

individuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,

forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlooks

tobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoice

intoconfirmingyouraddress,,trickingyou，sthatsounds

exactlylikeyourbanktellersname,andcard，mother

number.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbethe

worsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,

andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting

relationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmay

weakenthat

6

gradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecom

networks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtowork

togethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhat

isreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniform

waytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhothey

weremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogether

andmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications一usingapps

likeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedto

youridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andthe

problemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.

38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblem

ofrobocalls?

A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan

A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasily

D.spreadinformationwidelyC.startcampaignsrapidly

40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemore

solutionsthanproblems.I）.Credibilityholdsthekeyto

development.

41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefor

thepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.Why

RobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.How

RobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

D

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceans

willbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarming

climate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarine

microorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.

Because

ofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,these

phytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheocean

surface.

Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthe

typeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechange

willfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,

whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesin

the

7

ocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypull

carbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhile

givingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theybury

carboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelps

toregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonare

VlllnerabletOtheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchanges

keycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightand

carbon

dioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

MIT，sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatascientistinStephanieDutkiewicz,

thatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultipleprojects

changestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworld

theoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatchangesto

thecolourofcurrentlyblueareaswithlittle

phytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,

suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmake

greener."Notonlyarethequantitiesoftheseareas

willconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andturn

phytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"but

thetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."

Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthe

foodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappear

"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeableto

survive."Thosekindsoffromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,

changescouldaffectthefoodchain.

Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecoming

decadeswillprobablybetoogradualand

unnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."

It'11beawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthe

changesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,"

Dutkiewiczsaid,butthechangeinthecolouroftheocean"

willbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhave

changedourplanet."

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?The

variouspatternsattheoceansurface.A.Thecauseof

thechangesinoceancolour.B.Thewaylightreflects

offmarineorganisms.C.Theeffortstofuelthegrowth

ofphytoplankton.

D.

inParagraph3probablymean?vulnerable"Whatdoesthe

underlinedword43.H

D.Unnoticeable.C.Significant.A.Sensitive.B.

Beneficial.

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarine

ecosystem.B.Dutkiewiczsmodelaimstoproject

phytoplanktonchanges.)

8

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.A.

Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.B.To

explaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.C.To

introduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.D.

分）小题；每小题第二节（共52分，共10

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳

选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldcomplishedac（完成）in

teams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwayto

buildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemost

talentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillions

hiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.For

footballTheyfocusedonfootball,

47and

basketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagood

method,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%ofthe

playersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam）

sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,

thistrendisn't

evidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalent

keepsimprovingtheteam,sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthe

degreetowhichagoodperformancebyateam

requiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.48In

baseball,theperformanceofindividual

playersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethat

whentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformance

willsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividual

talentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformance

whentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstar

is,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,

he

maytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopassthe

balltoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.

"Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoften

told,ThereisnoIinTEAM.49"

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalent

onateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justas

inagameoftug-of-war（拔）可比赛）,wheneveraperson

isadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,

butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.

A.Itsnotasimplemattertodeterminethenature

oftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattracting

toptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrew

theresearchersattention.J

9

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleof

sportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentin

thesportswor