2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用）阅读理解02推理判断Word版含解析

阅读理解解密01推理判断（分层训练）分层练A分层练A1.【山东省济宁邹城市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】EveryApril,Ifindmyselftroubledbythesameconcern—thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.OnMay3,Iawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofpressingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree’sdarkbranchesstretchoutinunpruned(未经修剪的)abandon.Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,Isetouttoprune(修剪)afewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(门廊).ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.Soon,halftheneighborhoodjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Justtheotherday,Isawoneneighboratthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”1．Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthesuddenchangeoftheview?A．Frightened.B．Depressed.C．Surprised.D．Annoyed.2．Whydidtheneighborsopentheirwindowsandstepout?A．Theyintendedtogreettheauthor.B．Theyfeltastonishedtonoticeastranger.C．Theymeanttoprotecttheirpersonalgardens.D．Theywonderedwhatmighthappentothetree.3．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheappletreeintheneighborhood’?A．Itservedasabond.B．Itwasleftunattended.C．Itstayedinapoorcondition.D．Itprovedtobeunappealing.4．Whatdidtheneighborvaluemostaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Thearrivalofspring.B．Theneighborhoodgathering.C．Thepruningoftheappletree.D．Entertainmentinthelongwinter.【答案】1．C

2．D

3．A

4．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者居住在缅因州，这儿的冬天总是很长，作者和邻居们总是盼着春天到来。作者修剪苹果枝的行为，引来了很多的邻居聚在一起的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“OnMay3,Iawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofpressingaswitch.(5月3日，当我醒来时，我看到了一片令人惊叹的绿色，仿佛春天只是按下一个开关。)”可知，作者对风景的突然改变感到很惊讶。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(门廊).ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.(我刚到树下，邻居们就打开窗户，走出门廊。这些人我几乎不认识，但就好像我不请自来地进入了他们的私人花园。我的活动房屋邻居是第一个开口的。“你不会把它砍倒吧?”她焦急地问。)”可知，邻居们打开窗户并走出来，是因为他们想知道这棵树会发生什么事。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.(就好像那棵老苹果树把我们聚集在它的树枝下，目的是为了认识我们，分享我们的惊奇。)”可推断，那棵苹果树成为邻居们之间是一种纽带。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.(他说最近这个冬天特别漫长，抱怨说没有长时间地和我们附近的任何人见面或说话。)”可推断，邻居最看重邻里聚会。故选B。2.【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】“Youwillbeinmyheartforever.Withoutyou,thereareonlyemptinessanddesertinmylife...”ThisisalinefromaheartfeltpoemFengDuanwrotetohisfianceeChenLianfangin1955.Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.Feng,anacademicattheChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghaswrittencountlesslovepoemstohiswife.Oneveryimportantanniversaryorfestival,FengwouldsendapoemtoChen.In1978,whenChen’scancersurgerysucceeded,Fengcreatedmorethantenpoemstocelebratehiswife’srecovery.Chenusedaredsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.TheacademichasalsotranslatedmanyEnglish,FrenchandGermanpoemsintoclassicalChinese.Thecouplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesofpoemstoChenasagift.“AslongasIthinkofyou,abeamofsunshinelightsupmyheart,”Fengwrote.ChenrecalledthefirsttimeFenginvitedhertohisdormitorytohaveacupofteaandshethoughtthecupwasmadeoffrostedglass.Asthetwobecamecloser,Chenoftenvisitedtheacademic’sdorm.SherealizedthatthecupwastheonlyonepoorFengowned.Theopaque(不透明的)cupwasnotfrostedglassbutcommonglassstainedwithtoothpaste.LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganicechangefromthesinglemanslife.Feng’smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafterFeng’sdailyneeds.1．WhenFengfirstmetChen,hewas.A．32B．30C．28D．262．WhatchangedidChenbringtoFeng?A．ChenmadeagreatdifferencetoFeng’sdailylife.B．ChenchangedFeng’sacademiclifegreatly.C．ChenwrotealotofpoemstoFeng.D．ChenintroducedalotoffriendstoFeng.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ChenandFenghappenedtomeeteachotheronthecampus.B．Fengwrotemanypoemsindifferentlanguages.C．ChencherishedthepoemsFengwrotetoher.D．Fenglikedhisopaquecupsomuch.4．Thewriterwrotethepassagetoshow.A．howafamouspoetwriteslovepoemstohiswifeB．howthelovepoemsjointwoheartstogetherC．howimportantlovepoemsareinthemarriageD．howthelovepoemsmakethecouplefamous【答案】1．B

2．A

3．C

4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事。作为一名中科院学者，Feng却给Chen写了64年的爱情诗，给Chen带来了幸福，而Chen也一直照料着他的日常生活。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.Feng,anacademicattheChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghaswrittencountlesslovepoemstohiswife.(Feng今年94岁，Chen90岁，他们已经结婚半个多世纪了。Feng是中国科学院的一名学者，他可能不是职业诗人，但64年来，Feng给妻子写了无数首情诗。)”及第三段“Thecouplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesofpoemstoChenasagift.(1953年，Feng和Chen通过一个共同的朋友介绍认识，Feng送给Chen两本纸质诗歌作为礼物。)”,可知Feng和Chen第一见面时，是94-64=30，应该是30岁，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganicechangefromthesinglemanslife.Feng’smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafterFeng’sdailyneeds.(后来，她给Feng买了很多衣服，甚至给他买了一个炉子，这是一个很好的改变。Feng和Chen的婚姻给她带来了更多的幸福，现在Chen仍然照顾Feng的日常需要。)”可知，Chen一直照顾Feng的日常生活，Chen对Feng的日常生活产生了很大的影响。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Chenusedaredsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.(Chen用一个红色行李箱来存放这些情诗。)”可知，Chen珍视Feng给她的情诗。故选C。4．推理判断题。通篇理解，本文主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事，而情诗是串联其64年爱情的事物，作者写这篇文章是为了展示情诗如何把两颗心连在一起的，故选B。3.【陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（四）】Whatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching(缝)andredesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble(可持续的).InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementofWisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefromhisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.ThefunhobbyquicklyturnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomizedclothingforthem.“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics(布料)fromotherclothestocreatehispatchwork(拼接)designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,“Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeoplewithsimilarideas.”TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghisbusinessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.1．WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?A．Hisinterestinfashiondesign.B．Thepopularityofhispants.C．Hisgrandmother’sencouragement.D．Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.2．WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?A．Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.B．Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.C．Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.D．Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.3．WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?A．Growhisclothingbrand.B．Earnadegreeinfashion.C．Donateittoafashionschool.D．Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?A．Strongbutselfish.B．Braveanddetermined.C．Talentedbutnegative.D．Creativeandgenerous.【答案】1．B

2．C

3．B

4．D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了今年3月，一位来自美国威斯康辛州埃尔克哈特湖-格伦比拉高中的17岁学生凭借回收衣物入围了青年企业家大赛的决赛。比赛由非营利组织“威斯康星青年成就”主办。他的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。1．细节理解题。根据第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（萨尔兹韦德尔在接受希博伊根出版社采访时表示：“有这么多人想要它们，所以我不打算免费制作150条裤子，所以我不得不开始做生意。”）可知，他的裤子很受欢迎促使萨尔兹韦德尔经商的。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.”（他的可持续服装品牌TheMadPatcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）可知，这篇文章告诉了我们关于TheMadPatcher，它生产可持续时尚产品。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（这位少年计划用奖金去纽约的时装技术学院学习。该学院是世界上最著名的时装学院之一。）可知，萨尔兹韦德尔打算用奖学金去学习，获得时尚专业的学位。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，萨尔兹韦德尔创立了自己的服装品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鲜艳、有图案的面料来创作他的拼接设计，比如牛仔裤、衬衫和夹克。他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（萨尔兹韦德尔通过卖衣服赚了数千美元，他把25%的利润捐给了非营利组织。）故可推知，富有创造力和慷慨大方是最能描述萨尔茨维德尔的。故选D项。4.【江苏省苏州高新区第一中学2021-2022学年高三一模】Stargazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviewsofnightskies.Let'stakeadeeperdiveintowhatyou'llseeatthedark-skyparks.JoshuaTreeNationalPark,CaliforniaJoshuaTreeNationalParkisapopularattractionforstargazerslivingonthewestcoast.DespitebeinginfluencedbylightpollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajorcitiesintheeast(withPhoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway),providesitwithsomeofthedarkestskiesinCalifornia.ElquiValley,ChileApopularwineregioncenteredontheElquiRiverinnorthernChile,theElquiValleyalsooffersidealconditions(high-altitude,low-population,limitedcloudcover)foruncorkingabottleandtoastingtheheavensabove.Spanningsome90,000acres,theregionhasthedistinctionofbeingnamedthefirst-everDarkSkySanctuarybytheInternationalAstronomicalUnionin2015.It'salsohometonearlyadozenobservatories,boutiquestargazinghotelsandalargevarietyoftoursthatcoverbothcosmicanddaytimespectacles.WadiRum,JordanOneofJordan'smostvaluabletouristdestinations,WadiRumisanotherworldlymountaindesertfeaturingdramaticrockformationsandwind-sweptrust-coloreddunes.WadiRumisanincrediblelandscapetoo(usedforalotofsci-fimovieslikeRogueOne,PrometheusandTheMartian)andit'soneofthedarkplaceswhereyoucanjustsitandlookupatthewonderofthenightskywithverylittleinterruption.GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,AmericaIt'snosurprisethatGreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreservehasbeenbuildingareputationforgoodnightskyviewing.Thedryair,highelevation,andlackoflightpollutionallmaketheparkanidealdark-skydestination.TheSangredeCristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding(遮蔽，笼罩)thepark-withits149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.1．WhatdoweknowaboutJoshuaTreeNationalPark?A．Itisrelativelyseparatedfrommajorcities.B．Itisthefirstdarkskyparkintheworld.C．Itisaffectedbynolightpollution.D．Itisnamedasthedarkestskyintheworld.2．WhathelpspreventGreatSandDunesfromlight?A．Thewetlands.B．Thesanddune.C．Theforests.D．Themountains.3．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A．Parkgoers.B．Spaceexplorers.C．Starobservers.D．Adventurouscampers.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个适合观星爱好者的景点。1．细节理解题。根据JoshuaTreeNationalPark,California部分第二句“DespitebeinginfluencedbylightpollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajorcitiesintheeast(withPhoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway),providesitwithsomeofthedarkestskiesinCalifornia.”（尽管它的西部边界受到科切拉山谷城市的光污染的影响，但它与东部主要城市的相对隔绝(凤凰城是最近的城市地区，约300英里外)，使它拥有加州最黑暗的天空。）可知，JoshuaTreeNationalPark与主要城市相对隔离。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,America部分第二段第一句“TheSangredeCristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding(遮蔽，笼罩)thepark-withits149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.”（SangredeCristo山阻挡了来自附近城市的大部分天空辉光，将公园笼罩在黑暗中，公园里有149,164英亩的沙丘、湿地、草原、森林和高山苔原。）可知，群山让GreatSandDunes免受阳光照射。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Stargazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviewsofnightskies.Let'stakeadeeperdiveintowhatyou'llseeatthedark-skyparks.”（观星者可以参观世界上著名的暗天公园，欣赏未受污染的夜空美景。让我们来深入了解一下在黑暗天空的公园里你会看到什么。）可知，这篇文章的目标读者是观星爱好者。故选C。5.【“皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷】Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis(胃炎）,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers(溃疡）。Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults,howevertheideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics(抗生素）.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall'shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005.Twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.1．WhydidtheacademicsinitiallyrefusetoacceptthatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A．Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B．Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C．Theythoughtthatbacteriacouldn'tsurviveinthestomach.D．TheAustralianpathologistRobinWarrenprovidednoevidence.2．HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A．Choosingunhealthylifestyles.B．IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.C．Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining.D．GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Scientificprogresstakestime.B．Scienceguidesmedicalpractices.C．Warrenisnotaproductivescientist.D．OnlyMarshalldeservestheprize.4．Thetextismostlikelywrittento.A．ChemistsB．PatientsC．ResearchersD．Thegeneralpublic【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第四段的Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.(直到20世纪80年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。)可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里·马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里·马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医学的巨大贡献，两人于2005年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后26年。因此推断科学发展需要时间。故选A。4．推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是thegeneralpublic(普通大众)，故选D。分层练B分层练B1.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTablebyGillArbuthnott(BloomsburyChildren’sBooks)Therearelotsoffunnystories,fascinatingfactsandinterestingexplanationspackedintothisbook,whichaimstoprovideagoodintroductiontotheperiodictable.Aswellasplentyofinformation,therearelotsofeye-catchingdiagramsandillustrations.ExploringtheElementsbyIsabelThomas.IllustratedbySaraGillingham(PhaidonPress)Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements—wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe’velearnedtousethem.Smartandstylish,thebookevencomeswithanillustratedperiodictable.TheElementsintheRoombyMikeBarfield.IllustratedbyLaurenHumphrey(LaurenceKing)Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.Thisisafunwaytolearnaboutthebasicsofchemicalelements,fromaluminumtozinc.ThePeriodicTableBookbyDarlingKindersley,LtdIfyouarejuststartingyourchemistrylearning,looknofurtherthanthiscomprehensivevisualencyclopedia,whichispackedwithstunningphotographs.Itcoversallthebasicsofchemistry,withinformationaboutthedifferentelements,andyou’llalsolearnaboutsomeofthefamousscientistswhodiscoveredthem.1．Whichbookcanexplaintheapplicationoftheelements?A．AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTableB．ExploringtheElementsC．TheElementsintheRoomD．ThePeriodicTableBook2．HowisMikeBarfield’sbookdifferentfromtheotherbooks?A．Itcontainsanillustratedperiodictable.B．Itincludesinterestingstoriesandfacts.C．Itintroducessomeofthefamouschemists.D．Ithasthepotentialforwinningprizes.3．Whoarethefourbooksespeciallyintendedfor?A．Chemistryresearchers.B．Chemistrymajors.C．Chemistrybeginners.D．Chemistryteachers.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【文章大意】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四本关于化学的书。1．细节理解题。根据第二本书ExploringtheElements的介绍中“Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements—wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe’velearnedtousethem.(这本设计精美的书提供了化学元素的介绍性指南——它们在哪里被发现，它们的特性和我们已经学会的使用它们的值得注意的方法)”可知，ExploringtheElements这本书可以解释化学元素的应用。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第三本书TheElementsintheRoom的介绍中“Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.(作为众多奖项的候选，这本有趣的书邀请你加入侦探SherlockOhms，因为他试图解决绝对的一切是如何存在的谜)”可知，MikeBarfield的书与众不同之处在于它有可能获奖。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.(跟着这些有吸引力的指南进入化学)”可知，四本书是为化学的初学者而写的。故选C。2.【江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023学年高三12月第三次大联考】CarpenteristheleadauthorofapaperinNatureReviewsPsychologythatexaminedmorethan100yearsofresearchonlearning.“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe’representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven’tfullycaughton.Iftheywereemployedallthetime,we’dseebigincreasesinlearning,”saidCarpenter.Inthepaper,Carpenterandherco-authorsdescribespacingasastrategytolearninsmallamountsovertime.It’stheoppositeofcramming(塞满)thenightbeforeanexam.Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceivedrepeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercomparedtomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.Carpentersaysthereisn’tauniversalruleabouthowmuchtimetoschedulebetweenpracticesessions.Butresearchshowsreturningtothematerialafterforgettingsome—butnotall—ofthecontentiseffective.Retrievalpracticeisastrategythatinvolvesrecallingwhatwaslearnedpreviously.Itcantakemanyforms,includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoanddon’tknow.Thepaper’sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackrightawaylearnevenbetter.Morethan200studiesshowpeoplegenerallymaintainmoreinformationforlongerperiodsoftimewithretrievalpracticecomparedtostrategiesthatdonotinvolveretrieval(e.g.,re-readingatextbook.)Theauthorsarguepeoplewhocombinespacingandretrievalpracticehavethebestchanceofrememberinginformation.“Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan’tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgettingbyusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,”saidCarpenter.Carpentersayssheusesdigitaltools(e.g.,onlinepracticequizzes,clickerquestions)toincorporateretrievalpracticeandspacingintoheruniversitycourses,butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintotheclassroom.1．Whydotheauthorandhisgrouppresentthisresearch?A．Becausepeopledon’tacceptthetwotechniques.B．Becausethetwotechniqueshaven’tpopularized.C．Becausepeoplehavemuchdifficultyinlearning.D．Becausethetwotechniquesaretakinglittleeffect.2．HowdoesCarpenterprovespacingissuperiortocramming?A．Bystudyingsomecases.B．Byreceivingsometraining.C．Byapplyingsomerules.D．Byschedulingsometime.3．Whatcanretrievalpracticehelppeopletoget?A．Selfassessment.B．Widerecognition.C．Positiveresponse.D．Generalstrategies.4．WhatmightCarpentertalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpractice.B．Potentialwaysusedtoslowdownforgetting.C．Argumentsaboutwhattodotostopforgetting.D．Otheruniversitycoursesworthremembering.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种有效延缓遗忘的方法——唤醒练习。同时，将间隔练习和唤醒练习结合使用能够延缓遗忘。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe’representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven’tfullycaughton.(间隔练习和唤醒练习的好处已经在实验室、教室和工作场所的研究中得到了一次又一次的证实，但我们提出这项研究的原因是这两种技术还没有完全流行起来。)”可知，作者和他的团队之所以提出这项研究是因为这两种技术还没有普及。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceivedrepeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercomparedtomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.(在一项研究中，与在一天内接受相同训练的医学生相比，接受为期三周的反复手术训练的医学生在两周和一年后的测试中表现得更好更快。)”可知，Carpenter通过对一些案例的研究，来证明间隔法优于填鸭式的方法。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Itcantakemanyforms,includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoanddon’tknow.Thepaper’sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackrightawaylearnevenbetter.(它可以采取多种形式，包括闪存卡、练习测试和开放式写作提示，帮助学习者认识到他们知道什么和不知道什么。该论文的作者强调，那些检查自己回答错误或立即得到反馈的人学得更好。)”可知，使用唤醒练习的方法能够让人对信息的学习更好，掌握的更好，由此推断，该方法能够促进人自身的提升，即形成良好的自我评估。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan’tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgettingbyusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,”saidCarpenter.(“遗忘是很自然的事情；即使你尝试，你也无法停止遗忘，但你可以通过检索练习和间隔来减慢遗忘的速度，”Carpenter说。)”以及最后一段中“butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintotheclassroom.(但还有其他方法可以将这些策略引入课堂。)”可知，遗忘是自然的事情，人类可以通过采用各种方法来减慢遗忘的速度,Carpenter也在课堂中使用了一些方法延缓遗忘。由此可以推断在下文中Carpenter将讲述她采用的其他的有效的方法来延缓遗忘。故选B。3.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】ScientistsresearchingclimatechangeinAntarcticaarestudyingpenguinsinanefforttobetterunderstandthearea’senvironmentalhealth.ThescientistsaremeasuringthegrowthanddevelopmentofthepenguinpopulationontheeasternsideoftheAntarcticPeninsula.“Wearecountingpenguinneststounderstandhowmanypenguinsareinacolony,producingyoungeveryyear,andwhetherthatnumberisgoingupordownwiththeenvironmentalconditions,”saidAlexBorowicz.HeisanecologyresearcheratNewYork’sStonyBrookUniversity.Theworkisnoteasyforclimateresearchersintheicy,farawayreachesofAntarctica.Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimalsbecausetheynestonland.Theirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground.MichaelW