2019年英语新选修七讲义Unit4SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现][读文清障]THEWORLD'SMOSTUSEFULGIFTCATALOGUE①eq\x(Homepage)eq\x(Aboutus)eq\x(Giftorderform)eq\x(Contactdetails)Wouldyouliketodonate②anunusualgift?Thenthisisthecatalogueforyou.Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntary③contribution④towardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.⑤Choosefromthiscatalogueareallyusefulgiftforsomeoftheworld'spoorestandbringhopeforabetterfuturetoacommunity⑥inneed⑦.Whenyoupurchase⑧anitem⑨，wewillsendyouanattractive⑩cardforyoutosendtoyourspecialperson.Youcanusethecardsforanyspecialoccasion⑪—weddings,births,birthdays,Christmasoranniversaries⑫，etc.①catalogue/'kætəlɒɡ/n．目录②donate/dəʊ'neIt/vt.捐赠③voluntary/'vɒləntrI/adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的④contributionn．[C]捐助，捐款；贡献⑤本句的基本结构是“Thegiftisnot...but...”。(that/which)yougive,(that)yourlovedonekeeps,whoreallyneedit是三个定语从句，分别修饰thegift,something与people。not...but...“不是……而是……”，连接并列成分。⑥communityn．社区；团体；公众⑦inneed在困难中；在危急中⑧purchase/'pɜːtʃəs/vt.&n.买；购买⑨itemn．一项，一款；条款⑩attractiveadj.吸引人的，有吸引力的⑪occasionn．时刻；场合⑫anniversary/ˌænI'vɜːsərI/n．周年纪念(日)世界上最有用的礼物清单eq\x(首页)eq\x(关于我们)eq\x(礼物订单)eq\x(联系方式)你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？那么下面这份礼物清单供你参考吧。你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的生活上的一项自愿性捐助。从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人吧。给需要帮助的社区带去改善未来的希望吧。当你选购一份礼物时，我们将会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合——结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节、周年纪念等。GiftsCost(AUD)A20treeseedlings⑬$5BAloantosetupwomen'sself­help⑭group$8CWatersupplyforoneperson$10DTraininginvegetablegardening$15EChildvaccinations⑮against6killerdiseases$20FSchoolbooks$20GBasicadulteducation$25HBasichealth­careservices$30IOneyearofprimaryschooling$35JAgoatforapoorfamily$40KAfamilytoilet$50LWaterforafamily$65MAloan⑯tosetupasmallbusiness$85NAsewing⑰machine$100OFamilynutritional⑱supplements⑲$130POxen⑳forploughingeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))$180QAtrunkeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))library$200RAssistanceeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))forfamiliesheadedbychildreneq\o(○,\s\up1(24))$300SAcommunityprimaryschool$500TVillagetractoreq\o(○,\s\up1(25))$1,000UAwellandwaterpump$1,350,⑬seedling/'siːdlIŋ/n.秧苗；树苗⑭self­helpadj.自助的⑮vaccination/ˌvæksI'neIʃn/n.接种疫苗⑯loan/ləʊn/n.贷款⑰sew/səʊ/vi.(用针线)缝vt.缝制；缝合sewingmachine缝纫机⑱nutritionaladj.有营养的⑲supplement/'sʌplImənt/n．增补的事物；补充；附录；增刊⑳ox/ɒks/n.(pl.oxen/'ɒksn/)公牛eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))plough/plaʊ/vi.犁(地)；耕(地)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))trunk/trʌŋk/n．树干；躯干；大衣箱trunklibrary箱式(柜式)图书馆eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))assistancen．援助，帮助，补助eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))familiesheadedbychildren遗孤家庭eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))tractor/'træktə/n．拖拉机；牵引机礼物价值(澳元)A20株树苗5B组建妇女自助会的贷款8C一个人的用水10D蔬菜园艺培训15E预防六种儿童致命疾病的疫苗20F学校用书20G成人基础教育25H基本保健服务30I小学一年的学费35J资助困难户一头羊40K家用厕具50L一个家庭的用水65M建一家小型企业的贷款85N一台缝纫机100O家用营养补品130P耕牛180Q箱式图书馆200R对遗孤家庭的扶助金300S社区小学经费500T村庄拖拉机1,000U水井和水泵1,350To________ToletyouknowthatIamthinkingofyou,IhavepurchasedagiftfromtheWorld'sMostUsefulGiftCatalogueforyoutogivetosomeoftheworld'spoorest.Thisgiftwilltrainawholevillageofaround40familiesinIndia,Kenyaeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))orBangladesheq\o(○,\s\up1(27))innewagriculturalmethods,andprovideseedseq\o(○,\s\up1(28))andsimpleagriculturaleq\o(○,\s\up1(29))equipment.Just20%moreproduceeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))willmeanthedifferencebetweensicknessandhealth,betweenfamiliesgoinghungryandfamiliesprovidingforthemselveseq\o(○,\s\up1(31)).From______eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))Kenya/'kenjə/n．肯尼亚(非洲国家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Bangladesh/ˌbæŋɡlə'deʃ/n．孟加拉国(亚洲国家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))seed/siːd/n．种子；萌芽eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))agriculturaladj.有关农业的eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))producen．产品，农产品eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))goinghungry,providingforthemselves作后置定语，修饰名词families。致为了让你知道我在想着你，特从“世界上最有用的礼物清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上一些最穷苦的人。,这份礼物送给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国一整个约40户的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。来自Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Whatisthemostexpensivegiftinthelist?A．Awellandwaterpump.B．Twentytreeseedlings.C．Atrucklibrary.D．Schoolbooks.2．Whenyouwanttogiveachildvaccinationsagainst6killerdiseases,youmustsend______.A．$50 B．$20C．$8 D．$853．ThepurposeoftheInternetPageisto______.A．letpeoplegiveanunusualgifttothepoorB．letpeoplegetanunusualcardC．letpeoplelearnsomethingusefulD．letpeoplemakemoney4．YoucanusethecardforthefollowingoccasionsEXCEPT______.A．anniversaries B．birthdaysC．burials D．weddings5．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthetext?A．Inthenewspaper.B．Inthemagazine.C．OnTV.D．OntheInternet.答案：1～5ABACD一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.anglen．角；角度2.purchasevt.&n.买；购买3.anniversaryn.周年纪念(日)4.clickvi.&vt.(使)发出咔嗒声n.咔嗒声5.tailorn.裁缝vt.剪裁；缝制(衣服)6.economicadj.经济的；经济学的7.clinicn.门诊部；小诊所Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.donatevt.捐赠→donationn．捐献；捐赠→donatorn．捐赠者2.voluntaryadj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteern．志愿者3.politicaladj.政治的；政党的→politicsn．政治4.distributevt.分配；分发→distributionn．分配；分发；分布状态5.securityn．安全；保护；保障→secureadj.安全的；可靠的6.operatevi.工作；运转vt.操作→operationn．操作；手术1.anglen．角；角度[比较]angeln．天使2.anniversaryn．周年纪念日[词块]weddinganniversary结婚纪念日3.tailorn．裁缝v.裁制；改制[词块]atthetailor's在裁缝店4.economicadj.经济的；经济学的[派生]economyn.经济[词块]①economicgrowth经济增长②economiccrisis经济危机5.以“­ty”结尾的高频名词荟萃①security安全②necessity必需品；需要③similarity相似(性)④possibility可能(性)⑤prosperity兴旺；繁荣二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.find_out查明；弄清(情况)2．have_knowledge_of了解……3．do_some_research_on研究……4．in_need在困难中；在危急中5．go_hungry挨饿6．provide_for_oneself自给自足7．become_aware_of意识到……8．benefit_from受益于……1.donateanunusualgift捐赠一份特殊的礼物2．anyspecialoccasion任何特殊的场合3．vegetablegardening蔬菜园艺4．killerdiseases致命疾病5．adulteducation成人教育6．health­careservices保健服务7．setupasmallbusiness建一家小型企业8．agriculturalequipment农业机械三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Shewasdyingtoseehimagainbutwhatifhedidn'twanttoseeher？她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？whatif意为“倘使……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”。What_ifwecan'tfinishtheworktomorrow？要是我们明天完不成作业怎么办？2.Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontributiontowardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的生活上的一项自愿性捐助。not...but...意为“不是……，而是……”，在句中连接两个平行成分。Ifoundthathighschoollifeisnot_so_boring_but_colorful.我发现高中生活并不是那么索然无味，而是多姿多彩。3.Just20%moreproducewillmeanthedifferencebetweensicknessandhealth,betweenfamiliesgoinghungryandfamiliesprovidingforthemselves.仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。现在分词短语作后置定语。Doyouknowtheboyswimming_in_the_river？你认识那个在河里游泳的男孩吗？4.Theyareeasyandfunforchildrentocarefor.孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。be＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.意为“对于某人来说做某事是……”。Thesequestionsare_difficultforlittlechildrento_answer.这些问题对小孩子们而言很难回答。1．(教材P34)Wouldyouliketodonateanunusualgift?你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？donatevt.捐赠(1)donate...to...向……捐献……(2)donationn.[C]捐赠物[U]捐赠；赠送makeadonationto...捐赠……①Luckily,manypeopleandorganizationsdonatealotofmoneytohelpthemreceivecollegeeducationsmoothly.幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了大笔钱帮助他们顺利地接受大学教育。②Thebusinessmanmadeadonation(donate)ofalotofmoneytomyschool.那个商人给我校捐了很多钱。2．(教材P34)Choosefromthiscatalogueareallyusefulgiftforsomeoftheworld'spoorestandbringhopeforabetterfuturetoacommunityinneed.从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人吧。给需要帮助的社区带去改善未来的希望吧。inneed在困难中；在危急中inneedof需要satisfy/meetone'sneeds满足某人的需要Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.某人没有必要做某事①Ithinkthateveryoneofusshouldtryourbesttohelpthoseinneed.我认为我们每个人都应该尽最大努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。②Isheoftenofferedhelpwhenheisin_need_ofhelp?当他需要帮助的时候，有人经常主动提供帮助吗？③Thereisnoneedforyouto_get(get)upearlytomorrow.你明天不必早起。3．(教材P34)Whenyoupurchaseanitem,wewillsendyouanattractivecardforyoutosendtoyourspecialperson.当你选购一份礼物时，我们将会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。purchase(1)vt.买；购买eq\x(purchasesth.fromsb.向某人购买某物)①Hetriedhardtoearnmoneytopurchaseacarforhimself.他努力挣钱为自己买了一辆车。②Youcanpurchasetheequipmentfromthelocalsupplier.你可以向当地的供应商购买这种设备。(2)n.[C，U]买；购买[C]购买的东西eq\x(makeapurchase采购)③Shelikescomparingpricesbeforeshemakesapurchase.她喜欢比较价格后才购买东西。4．(教材P35)Thisgiftcoversthecostofproductionanddistributionofseedlings...这份礼物包含生产和分发种子的成本……distributionn.分配；分发；分布状态distributevt.分配；分发；分布，分散distributesth.to/among把某物分配/分发给……o...把……分成……①Theunfairdistributionofwealthstillexistsnowadays.现在仍然存在着财富分配不公的现象。②Thegovernmenthasdistributedfood,medicineandmoneytotheearthquakevictimsintime.政府及时地给地震灾民分发了食物、药物和钱。③Thisspeciesofdolphiniswidelydistributedthroughouttheworld.这种海豚广泛分布在世界各地。5．(教材P35)Thisgiftcoversthecostofexercisebooksandtextbooksforcommunityprimaryschoolsthatoperateinpoororremotevillages.这份礼物包含了支援贫困或偏远山村社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。operatevi.工作；运转；给……动手术vt.操作写出下列句中operate的含义①Peopleweretrappedbetweenfloorsbecausetheliftdidn'toperateproperly.工作；运转②Nomatterwhichmachineheoperates,hewilldealwithitcarefully.操作③Ifthedoctorhadoperatedonhimearlier,hewouldn'thavedied.给……动手术operateon/uponsb.给某人动手术operationn.运转；手术④Mr.Jonesisveryillandneedsanoperation(operate)．琼斯先生病得很厉害，需要动手术。1．Shewasdyingtoseehimagainbutwhatifhedidn'twanttoseeher?她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？(1)whatif意为“倘若……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”①Whatifhegetsangry?I'malittleworried.倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。②We'vealreadyorderedatable.What_iftheydonotcome?我们已经定好了位子。要是他们不来该怎么办呢？(2)其他类似结构：whatfor...为……目的whatabout.../howabout...……怎么样(表建议)Howcome?怎么回事？Sowhat?那又怎么样？③Whataboutgoingtothecinematonight?Anewfilmisonshow.今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上演。④—Someonewillseeyoudoingit.—Sowhat?——会有人看见你做这事的。——那又怎么样？2．Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontributiontowardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的生活上的一项自愿性捐助。(1)not...but...意为“不是……，而是……”，在句中连接两个平行成分。①Irealizethesecrettosuccessisnotwhenorwhereyouwereborn,butwhatyouaredoingandhowyoudoitinyourlife.我意识到成功的秘诀不是由你什么时间、在哪里出生决定的，而是由你在生活中所做的事情以及你怎样做这些事情所决定。②Ourmanagergoestoworknot_by_car_but_on_foot.我们的经理不是坐车而是步行去上班。(2)当not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近一致”原则。③Nothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedothatbenefits(benefit)ourworkmost.能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。④NotJackbuthisparentsare(be)toblameforthehomeaccident.不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Pleasedownloadandfillinthisformifyouwanttomakeadonation(donate)tothepoorchildren.2．Deedsarebetterthanwordswhenpeopleareinneedofhelp.3．Itisnotthetoolsbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakes(make)himascientist.4．Whatifshefindsoutthatyou'velostherbook?5．Thedoctorisperforminganoperation(operate)ontheinjuredchild.6．Thepine­treeshavebeenplantedinaverywidedistribution(distribute)．Ⅱ.补全句子1．Theywilloffermorebookstosatisfy/meet_the_students'_needs.他们将提供更多的书来满足学生的需求。2．Hepurchased_a_new_computer_fromtheshopnearbytheotherday.几天前他从附近的商店买了一台新电脑。3．Itisnot_who_you_are_butwhatyouhavedoneforthesocietythatmatters.重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么。4．Theteacherswilldistributefruitsamong/tochildreneveryafternoon.每天下午，老师们都会给孩子们发水果。5．Thisisanewmachinewhichis_very_easy_to_operate.这是一台很容易操作的新机器。6．What_if_I_fail_this_time?Icandoitbetternexttime.即使这次我失败了又会怎么样？下次我能做得更好。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Inhiswill,heplannedtodonate(捐赠)hiseverypennytothecharity.2．Thenewcouplepurchased(购买)anewcarbyloaningsomemoneyamonthago.3．Manycustomersofthemarketcametojoininitsanniversary(周年纪念)celebration.4．Inhissparetime,heusuallydoessomevoluntary(志愿的)worktohelpothers.5．Therearetwomainlydifferentpolitical(政治的)partiestoplayanimportantpartinthestateaffairsinthiscountry.6．Hepackedsomeofhisclothesintohistrunk(大衣箱)andthenwentouttotravel.7．Thebooksinthelibraryaredistributed(分发)accordingtosubjects.8.Theyoperated(操作)themachinequitewellaftersomepractice.9．Hefinallyshutthedoorwithaclick(咔嗒声)．10．Theguardswillundertakeforyoursecurity(安全).Ⅱ.选词填空fallinlovewith，findout，haveknowledgeof，dosomeresearchon，bringhopeto...，inneed，gohungry，provideforoneself，becomeawareof，benefitfrom1．Asanexpert,shehas_knowledge_ofwhathappenedinthatperiod.2．Theprojectisconsideredquitepractical,andisboundtobring_hope_totheimprovementofthepeople'slivingconditionshere.3．Beforemakinganyconclusion,you'dbetterdo_some_research_ontheevent.4．Thefirsttimehecametotheappealingmountainvillage,hefell_in_love_with_it.5．Forlackoffood,childreninthisareaoftengo_hungry.6.Havinggonethroughahardtime,theyhavebecome_aware_oftheimportanceofhardwork.7．Wewillfind_outthetruthsoonerorlater.8．Toprovide_for_themselves,_theyruntheirownfarm.9．Bothsideshavebenefited_fromthetalksheldrecently.10．Theotherdayhejoinedavoluntaryorganizationandbegantohelpthosein_need.[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Everyoneintheclassisexpectedto_participate(participate)inthesediscussions.2．Adogistheonlythingonearththatlovesyoumorethanheloveshimself.3．Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?4．Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.5．Myunclehas_donated(donate)over100,000yuantotheschoolsinceApril14,2014.6．Hewalkeddownthemuddyroadtothebushschool.Ⅱ.补全句子1．I'vefoundthatthecommunicationcoursesItookalmostare_relevant_toeveryaspectofmylife.我发现我上的交际课程和我生活中的每一个方面几乎都有关系。2．Almostallthestudentswant_to_participate_inthedebatetobeheldthedayaftertomorrow.几乎所有的学生都想参加后天要举行的辩论赛。3．Myeyeshaven't_adjusted_tothedarkintheroomyet.我的眼睛还没有适应这个房间里的黑暗。4．Ipurchased/bought_a_pair_ofbrownleathershoestheotherday.几天前我买了一双棕色的皮鞋。5．Iheard_from_you_the_other_day,_whichdelightedmeverymuch.几天前我收到你的来信，这令我很高兴。6．Youmaybe_dying_to_knowwhatyournewcolleaguesthinkaboutyouandyourbehavior.你可能极想知道你的新同事是怎么看待你及你的行为的。7．Shehungherwetclothesoutto_dry_them_out.她把湿衣服挂在外面让它们晾干。8．Iwas_lying_in_bed_whenthedoorbellrang.我正在床上躺着，这时门铃响了。9．Callmewhenyougetintotownandwe'llmake_arrangements.当你进城时给我打电话，然后我们会做安排的。10．Adolescentchildrenhave_the_privilege_of_enjoyingeducationforfreeinChina.在中国，青少年有享受免费受教育的权利。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解E­cigarettesbeganasawaytostoppeoplefromsmokingtobacco.Butanewstudyamongteenssuggestsascaryeffect:E­cigarettesarenowappealingtonon­smokers,aswell.Inasurveyofover2,000Californiahighschooljuniorsandseniors,researchersfromtheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniadiscoveredthatover40percentofteene­cigarettesmokershaveneversmokedtraditionalcigarettes.TheNationalYouthTobaccoSurveyreportsanearly9percentincreaseinthenumberofhighschoolstudentsusinge­cigarettesfrom2013to2014,morethanenoughtostifle(掩盖)the3.5percentdecreaseinteencigaretteuse,asrecordedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.While9percentmaynotsoundlikeaton,theamountofmiddleandhighschoolstudentsusinge­cigaretteshasactuallytripled(增至三倍)．How,despitedecadesofanti­smokingadvocacyefforts,havee­cigarettesgainedsuchmassivepopularityinsuchashorttime?Scientistssaythatthe“renormalization”ofteensmokingmaynotbeentirelyself­inflicted(自己造成的).Astudyfoundthat34percentofadolescente­smokersareexposedtoelectroniccigarettesviaamemberoftheirfamilyoffriendgroups.Advertisingalsomakese­cigaretteslookcool.E­cigarettes,whicharenotveryexpensive,aremarketedasasafealternativetotraditionalcigarettes,andteensarebuyingthemessage.InarecentstudyinNorthCarolina,highschoolerseasilymadealistofthedangersofsmokingtobacco,butwhenaskedtodothesamewithregardtoe­cigarettes,theteenswereunsurewhetherthedevicescouldbeconsideredsafe.Someweren'tevenawarethate­cigarettescontainnicotine.Bute­cigarettesdocontainnicotine.Itishighlyaddictive,whichiswhysomeconsidere­cigarettesagatewaydrug.Ifstressingthedangersoftobaccohelpedmakecigarettesuncool,wecandothesametodestroye­cigarettes.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了电子香烟为何在青少年中盛行。1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisfrighteningisthat______.A．fewtobaccosmokersquitsmokingB．non­smokersareattractedtoe­cigarettesC．moreandmorepeoplearesmokingtobaccoD．smokersarereplacingtobaccowithe­cigarettes解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段中的“Butanewstudy...aswell.”可知，可怕的是，不抽烟的人也被电子香烟吸引了。2．From2013to2014,studente­cigarettesmokersinhighschoolincreasedbyabout______.A．3.5% B．9%C．27% D．40%解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段中的“anearly9percentincreaseinthenumberofhighschoolstudentsusinge­cigarettesfrom2013to2014”可知。3．Aboutonethirdofteene­smokersusee­cigarettesbecauseof______.A．e­cigarettes'lowpricesB．cooldesignsofe­cigarettesC．theinfluenceofpeoplearoundthemD．theirdislikeoftraditionalcigarettes解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段末的“Astudyfoundthat...friendgroups.”可知，抽电子香烟的青少年中大约三分之一是因为受周围的家人、朋友的影响。4．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．E­cigarettesaredifferentfromdrugs.B．Mostteensknowthedangersofe­cigarettes.C．E­cigarettesaresaferthantraditionalcigarettes.D．Teensaremisledbye­cigaretteadvertisements.解析：选D