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Section_ⅤProject[原文呈现]Fromtheblues①topopEarlyjazzTodayIwilltakeabrieflookathowWesternmusicprogressed②fromthebluestopop.Modernpopmusichasitsroots③inthefolksongsofblackAmericans④heldinslavery⑤.Duringthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedthesefolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledtheblues,becauseithadatendency⑥tobeverysad.Whiletheblueswaspopular⑦,asamusicalformat⑧itlacked⑨varietyandwastoosadandslowto⑩danceto⑪.Thus,fromtheblues,theresprungup⑫afaster,livelierkindofmusiccalledjazz.LouisArmstrong,ablacktrumpet⑬playerandsinger,wasoneofthefathersofjazz.Unlikemostmusicianswhoplayedthemusicasitwaswritten,hewouldchangethemusicashewasplayingittoreflecthisfeelingsatthetime.Othermusiciansbegantocopyhisstyleandtheliberty⑭hebroughttohismusic⑮.Theabilitytoadaptthemusicwhileitisbeingplayed⑯isoneofthemajorcharacteristicsofjazz.[读文清障]①blues/bluːz/n.布鲁斯音乐,蓝调②progressv.进展,进步,发展③root/ruːt/n.起源,起因;根,根茎haveitsrootsin起源于④过去分词短语heldinslavery作后置定语,修饰blackAmericans。⑤slavery/'sleIvərI/n.奴隶身份;奴隶制⑥tendency/'tendənsI/n.倾向,偏好;趋势,趋向haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的趋势⑦Whiletheblues...是while引导的让步状语从句。⑧format/'fɔːmæt/n.形式;格式;版式⑨lackv.缺少,缺乏⑩too...to...太……而不能……⑪danceto伴着……跳舞(to用作介词)⑫springup突然兴起,迅速出现⑬trumpet/'trʌmpIt/n.小号;喇叭⑭liberty/'lIbətI/n.自由⑮hebroughttohismusic是一个定语从句,修饰liberty,在从句中作宾语的关系代词which/that省略了。⑯while引导时间状语从句,while表示“正当……时候”。从蓝调音乐到流行乐早期爵士乐今天我将简要地回顾一下西方音乐是如何从蓝调音乐发展到流行乐的。现代流行音乐起源于奴隶制时期美国黑人的民歌。在19世纪晚期,黑人音乐家们根据这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调音乐(又译布鲁斯)的音乐形式,因为这种音乐有忧伤的趋势。尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎,但作为一种音乐形式,它缺少变化,而且太伤感、节奏太慢,不适合跳舞时伴奏。于是,从蓝调音乐中发展出一种节奏更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式,叫作爵士乐。黑人小号手及歌手路易斯·阿姆斯特朗是爵士乐的创始人之一。与其他大部分按照写好的乐谱演奏的音乐家不同,他会在演奏时即兴改变原来的曲子,以反映他演奏时的心情。其他的乐手开始模仿他的风格以及他赋予音乐的自由。在演奏时可以即兴改编音乐成为爵士乐的主要特征之一。FromR&Btorockandroll⑰Fromtheearly1930stotheearly1950s,traditionaljazzwentintoagradual⑱decline⑲,andwasreplacedbyanewmusicaltrend⑳knownasrhythmeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andblues,orR&B.R&Bwasthen—andnow—oftenthoughtofasaformofAfrican­Americanmusic.Itcombinedthefastpaceofmanykindsofjazzwiththeolderbluessound.Duringtheearly1950s,oneparticularstyleofR&Bbecamepopular—rockandroll.OneofthefirstrockandrollmusicianswasBigJoeTurner.HewasablackAmericansingerwhohadstartedoutperformingjazzinthe1920s,andthenturnedtoR&Binthe1940s.In1954,herecordedoneoftheveryfirstrockandrollsongs,‘Shake,Rattleeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))andRoll’.⑰rockandrolln.摇滚乐⑱gradual/'ɡrædʒʊəl/adj.逐渐的,逐步的;平缓的,不陡的⑲decline/dI'klaIn/n.衰落,衰败;减少;下降;vi.&vt.衰落;下降;婉言谢绝gotoadecline走向衰落⑳trend/trend/n.趋势,动向eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))rhythm/'rIðəm/n.节奏,韵律;节律,有规则的变化rhythmandbluesn.(abbr.R&B)节奏布鲁斯;节奏蓝调eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))rattle/'rætl/vi.&vt.(使)发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音;使紧张或恐惧从节奏蓝调到摇滚乐从20世纪30年代初期到20世纪50年代初期,传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落,被一种叫作节奏蓝调节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐或R&B的新音乐趋势所取代。R&B在当时——以及现在——常常被认为是一种美国黑人音乐的形式。它把多种爵士乐的明快节奏与传统的蓝调音乐融合起来。在20世纪50年代早期,一种特定风格的R&B开始流行——摇滚乐。第一代摇滚乐乐手之一就是胖子乔·特纳。他是一名美国黑人歌手,20世纪20年代开始演奏爵士乐,到20世纪40年代转向表演R&B。1954年,他录制了最原始的摇滚乐曲之一《晃动、吵闹和摇滚》。Thisbecameahiteq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ontheR&Bcharts,andthenwasrecordedbyBillHaleyandtheCometseq\o(○,\s\up1(24)),awhitebandeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)),andbecameahitonthepopcharts.BillHaleyandtheCometsthenrecorded‘RockAroundtheClock’,whichbecamethenumberonehitof1955.‘RockAroundtheClock’causedrockmusictoberecognizedasitsown,separatestyle,andmadeitpopulararoundtheworld.Intheearly1950s,arecordcompanyownerfromMemphis,Tennessee,SamPhilips,soughteq\o(○,\s\up1(26))tobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences.Becauseoftheprejudiceeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))andracialdiscriminationeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))ofthetime,heknewthathehadtousewhitesingersortherecordsmightnotgetplayedontheradio.In1954,ElvisPresleymadehisfirstrecordforPhilips.Withintwoyears,Presleybecamethemostpopularmusicstarintheworld,andeventodayheisknownas‘theKingofRockandRoll’.Hehadseventeennumberonesongsandtennumberonealbums.Onlyonemusicalacteq\o(○,\s\up1(29))hassoldmorerecords.eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))becomeahit轰动一时hit作名词,可表示“风行一时的事物(如电影、戏剧、歌曲等)”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))comet/'kɒmIt/n.彗星eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))band/bænd/n.乐队;一伙人;带子;条纹eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))seek/siːk/(sought,sought)vt.&vi.试图,设法;寻找,寻求seektodosth.试图做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))prejudice/'predʒʊdIs/n.偏见,成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))discrimination/dIˌskrImI'neIʃn/n.歧视,区别对待;辨别力,鉴赏力racialdiscrimination种族歧视eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))actn.表演者,表演组合这首乐曲成了R&B歌曲排行榜的轰动曲目,后来比尔·哈利和白人乐队“彗星”合唱团重新翻唱了这支乐曲,使它成为流行音乐排行榜上的热门歌曲。比尔·哈利和“彗星”合唱团后来又录制了《昼夜摇滚》,这是1955年冠军单曲。《昼夜摇滚》让摇滚乐作为一种特有的、独立的音乐风格为人们所认可,使它在全世界流行起来。,在20世纪50年代早期,一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板萨姆·菲利普斯试图将摇滚乐带给白人观众。由于当时的偏见和种族歧视,他知道他必须启用白人歌手,否则唱片就可能无法在广播中播出。1954年,埃尔维斯·普雷斯利为菲利普斯录制了他的第一张唱片。不到两年,普雷斯利成为世界上最闪耀的流行音乐明星,即使今日,他仍被称为“摇滚乐之王”。他有17首冠军单曲和10张冠军专辑。只有一个音乐组合曾卖出更多唱片。1960spopmusicWithsalesofmorethan1billionrecords,theBritishpopgroupknownastheBeatleswasthesupremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.TheBeatlesbroughtWesternpopmusictoaudiencesaroundtheworld.WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem,screamingeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))andgoingcrazyeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tryingtoseethemeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).In1965,theBeatlesheldaconcertatSheaStadiuminNewYorkeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatwasattendedbyapproximately55,000people.Itwasoneofthefirstconcertsheldinasportsstadiumeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))andperhapsthelargestconcerthelduptothattime.Inmany,manyways,theBeatleswerepioneersforwhatwastocome:Nowadays,concertsheldinsportsstadiumsarecommon,anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.However,eventhoughtheBeatlesbrokeupeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))in1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))scream/skriːm/vi.尖叫,高声喊;呼啸n.尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))gocrazy发疯eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))现在分词短语screamingandgoingcrazytrying...作surround的伴随状语。同时tryingtoseethem又作screamingandgoingcrazy的伴随状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatwasattendedby...是that引导的定语从句,修饰aconcert。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))过去分词短语heldinasportsstadium作后置定语,修饰concerts。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))breakup破裂,解散;破碎20世纪60年代的流行音乐,拥有超过10亿张的唱片销量,英国流行乐队“披头士”或译“甲壳虫”是20世纪60年代首屈一指的摇滚乐队。“披头士”将西方的流行音乐带给了全世界的听众。无论“披头士”乐队到哪里,都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们,尖叫着,疯狂地想见他们一面。1965年,“披头士”乐队在纽约谢伊露天体育场举办了一场音乐会,大约有55000人参加。这是首批在体育场中举办的音乐会中的一场,可能也是截至当时最大规模的音乐会。在许多方面,“披头士”乐队是引领未来的先锋:如今,在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常,而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现,试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。但是,尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了,但从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背,如此受欢迎,并销售出如此多的唱片。Step1Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1.ThefollowingstatementsarerightEXCEPTthat________.A.inthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedfolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledthebluesB.modernpopmusichasitsrootsinthefolksongsofblackAmericansC.LouisArmstrongwasoneofthefathersofbluesD.jazzsprungupfromtheblues2.AllofthefollowinginformationaboutLouisArmstrongisrightEXCEPTthat________.A.hewasablacktrumpetplayerB.hewasablacksingerC.helikedtochangethemusicashewasplayingittoreflecthisfeelingsatthetimeD.hedislikedbluessohecreatedjazz3.Rockandrollbecamepopular________.A.fromtheearly1930sB.duringtheearly1950sC.inthe1920sD.inthe1960s4.Accordingtothetext,weknowthat________.A.BigJoeTurnerwasoneofthefirstrockandrollmusiciansB.LouisArmstrongplayedrockandrollbetterthanBigJoeTurnerC.BillHaleywasoncethoughtofthebestsingerintheworldD.allthebestmusicinAmericawascreatedbytheblackpeople5.WhichstatementabouttheBeatlesisWRONGaccordingtothetext?A.TheBeatleswasthesupremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.B.TheBeatlesbroughtWesternpopmusictoaudiencesaroundtheworld.C.TheBeatlesonceheldaconcertatSheaStadiuminNewYork.D.TheBeatlesonlyhadwomensingers.答案:1~5CDBADStep2Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.FromthebluestopopEarlyjazzOriginComingfromtheblues,thefolksongsofAmericansblack1.slavesOneofthefathersLouisArmstrong,2.differentfrommostmusicians,couldchangethemusichewasplayingtoreflecthisfeelingsatthetime.Characteristics●Itisfasterandlivelier.●Theplayerhastheabilityto3.adaptthemusicwhileplayingit.FromR&Btorockandroll●Withtraditionaljazz4.declininggradually,R&Btookitsplace.●R&B5.combinedthefastpaceofmanykindsofjazzwiththeolderbluessound.●Rockandrollbecamepopularduringtheearly1950s.BigJoeTurnerAfter6.turningtoR&Bfromjazz,herecordedShake,RattleandRoll.BillHaleyandtheCometsThebandrecordedRockAroundtheClock,whichbecamethenumberonehit,7.makingrockmusicpopulararoundtheworld.SamPhilipsTobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences,hehadtousewhitesingers,thusmakingElvisPresley“theKingofRockandRoll”.Popmusicinthe1960sTheBeatles●Beingthe8.supremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.●Makingpopmusicpopulararoundtheworld.●WherevertheBeatleswent,therebeinga9.phenomenoncalled“Beatlemania”.●10.Breakingupin1970.一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.rootn.起源,起因;根,根茎2.formatn.形式;格式;版式3.libertyn.自由4.declinen.衰落,衰败;下降;减少vt.&v5.trendn.趋势;动向6.bandn.乐队;一伙人;带子;条纹7.seekvt.&v8.screamvi.尖叫,高声喊;呼啸n.尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.slaveryn.奴隶身份;奴隶制→slaven.奴隶→slavern.奴隶贩子2.tendencyn.倾向,偏好;趋势,趋向→tendv.倾向;趋向3.gradualadj.逐渐的,逐步的;平缓的,不陡的→graduallyadv.逐渐地;逐步地4.prejudicen.偏见,成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见→prejudicedadj.有偏见的;有成见的;偏颇的;偏心的5.discriminationn.歧视,区别对待;辨别力,鉴赏力→discriminatev.辨别,区分;歧视→discriminatingadj.有辨别力的;有识别力的;有鉴赏力的1.formatn.形式;格式;版式[记法]form(形状)+­at→以……形式→格式[词块]①fileformat文件格式②adoptdifferentformats采用不同的版式2.gradualadj.逐渐的,逐步的;平缓的,不陡的[记法]grad(步)+­ual(形容词后缀)→逐步的,渐渐的[词块]agradualchargeinclimate气候的逐渐变化[近义]slowadj.慢慢的[反义]suddenadj.突然的3.declinen.衰败,衰落;下降;减少vt.&vi.衰落;下降;婉言谢绝[记法]de­(向下)+cline(倾斜)→向下倾斜→下降[词块]declineaninvitationtodinner谢绝宴请[近义]①decreasev.下降②refusev.拒绝[反义]increasev.增加4.trendn.趋势;动向[词块]thelatesttrendinfashion服装界最新的潮流[近义]①tendencyn.趋势②currentn.潮流5.prejudicen.偏见,成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见[记法]pre­(先)+judice(判断)→事前的判断→偏见[词块]racialprejudice种族偏见[近义]discriminationn.歧视二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.springup突然兴起,迅速出现2.breakup破裂;破碎;结束;散开;解散3.danceto伴随……而跳舞4.gocrazy变得疯狂,发疯5.turnout结果是,证明是6.bringback带回7.combine...with把……与……结合8.turnto转向,求助于9.berecognizedas...被认为是……10.leadto导致1.takeabrieflookat简要地回顾2.haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的趋势3.atthe/thattime当时4.theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力5.gointoagradualdecline渐渐走向没落6.anewmusicaltrend一种新的音乐趋势7.becomeahit轰动一时8.ontheradio通过收音机9.holdaconcert举行音乐会10.comecloseto接近三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Whiletheblueswaspopular,asamusicalformatitlackedvarietyandwastoosad...尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎,但作为一种音乐形式,它缺少变化,而且太伤感……while意为“尽管”,作从属连词,引导让步状语从句。Whilesuchadrughasnotbeendeveloped,ongoingresearchsuggestsitispossibletodoso.尽管这种药还没有研发出来,目前的研究表明这是可能的。2.WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem...无论“披头士”乐队到哪里,都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们……wherever意为“无论在/到什么地方”,引导让步状语从句。Wherever_his_mother_goes,_thechildholdsherhand.无论妈妈去哪儿,这孩子总牵着她的手。3....anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.……而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现,试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。itseemsthat...意为“似乎,好像……”,that引导表语从句。It_seems_thattheskywillclearup,anditpromisestobeafinedaytomorrow.天空似乎马上要放晴了,预示着明天是个好天气。1.(教材P30)Duringthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedthesefolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledtheblues,becauseithadatendencytobeverysad.在19世纪晚期,黑人音乐家们根据这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调音乐(又译布鲁斯)的音乐形式,因为这种音乐有忧伤的趋势。tendencyn.倾向,偏好;趋势,趋向(1)atendencyto/towards...倾向于……haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事(2)tendvi.&vt.倾向;趋向;照料,护理tendto/towardssth.倾向;趋于;趋向tendtodosth.往往会/常常会/趋向于做某事tend(to)sb./sth.照料/护理某人/某物①Jack'stendencytobemercifulmadehimpopularwithhisco­workers.杰克仁慈的性格使他在同事中很受欢迎。②Thereisatendencyforunemploymenttoriseinsummer.夏天,失业有上升的趋势。③Shetendstogetangrywhenothersdisagreewithher.别人不同意她的看法时,她往往会生气。④Thegirlswerestandingatthegateandtending_to_customerswithsmiles.姑娘们站在门口,笑迎顾客。2.(教材P30)Thus,fromtheblues,theresprungupafaster,livelierkindofmusiccalledjazz.于是,从蓝调音乐中发展出一种节奏更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式,叫作爵士乐。springup突然兴起;迅速出现;跳起①Fastfoodrestaurantsarespringingupalloverthetown.快餐店突然在全城兴起了。②Doubtssprang_upinhismind.他心中开始产生怀疑。springtolife/intoaction突然活跃起来springtomind立刻出现在脑海中springfrom来自于,出身于③Thetownsprings_to_lifeduringthecarnival.狂欢节期间全城突然活跃起来。④Theideaforthenovelsprang_fromatriptoIndia.写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。3.(教材P30)Fromtheearly1930stotheearly1950s,traditionaljazzwentintoagradualdecline,andwasreplacedbyanewmusicaltrendknownasrhythmandblues,orR&B.从20世纪30年代初期到20世纪50年代初期,传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落,被一种叫作节奏蓝调(节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐)或R&B的新音乐趋势所取代。declinen.衰落,衰败;减少;下降vi.&vt.衰落;下降;婉言谢绝eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1indecline,onthedecline))在减退,在削减declineinsth.在……方面下降(2)declinetodosth.拒绝/谢绝做某事①Thelatestcommunicationfromthemarketshowsthesalesoftheircompanyisindecline/onthedecline.最新的市场信息表明他们公司的销量正在下滑。②Thestardeclinedto_discusshisplanswiththenewspaperreporters.这位影星谢绝与新闻记者讨论他的计划。③Herhealthhas_been_decliningprogressivelyforseveralmonths.几个月以来她的健康状况一直在恶化。④Icannotbutdeclinehisoffer.我不得不拒绝他的提议。trendn.趋势,动向,倾向(1)atrendtowards……方面的趋势/动向/潮流/风气(2)set/startanewtrendof...开创……的新潮流/风气①Manyelderlypeoplearenotfamiliarwiththetrendofmodernlifestylenow.现在许多上了年纪的人对现代生活方式的潮流不熟悉。②Butrecently,wehaveseenagradualtrend_towardshealthierfood.但是近来我们注意到,人们逐渐倾向于更健康的食物。③ThefilmRambostarted/set_a_new_trend_ofviolentactionmovies.电影《第一滴血》开创了暴力动作影片的新潮流。4.(教材P31)Intheearly1950s,arecordcompanyownerfromMemphis,Tennessee,SamPhilips,soughttobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences.在20世纪50年代早期,一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板萨姆·菲利普斯试图将摇滚乐带给白人观众。seekvt.&vi.试图,设法;寻找,寻求seekone'sfortune寻找发财机会;外出闯荡seeksth.fromsb.向某人征求/寻求某物seektodosth.设法/试图做某事seekout搜寻出;找出;挑出;努力寻找seekafter追求;寻找seekfor找寻;寻求①Manyyoungpeoplewenttoseektheirfortuneabroad.许多年轻人去国外寻找发财的机会。②Russiaisseekingto_slowthegrowthofitsinflation.俄罗斯政府正力图遏制本国的通货膨胀。③Theysoughtinvainforsomewheretoshelter.他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。④Youshouldseek_advice_fromyourparentsonthisproblem.关于这个问题你应该征求你父母的建议。5.(教材P31)However,eventhoughtheBeatlesbrokeupin1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.但是,尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了,但从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背,如此受欢迎,并销售出如此多的唱片。breakup破裂,解散;破碎;分解;结束;分手①Iwanttoplantmorebushestobreakupthegardenabit.我想多种些矮树丛把花园稍微分隔成几部分。②Whattimeisthemeetingexpectedtobreak_up?会议预计在几点钟结束?breakdown出故障,坏掉;垮掉breakin破门而入;打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入;突然……起来breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发;发生breakawayfrom脱离;逃离breakoff中断;折断;突然停止breakthrough突破;克服③Dadwouldoccasionallybreak_inwithasuggestion.爸爸偶尔会插话,提出建议。④Iwasencouragedto_break_away_fromoldformsandrules.大家鼓励我破除旧形式和旧框框。⑤IfTimcarriesonworkinglikethis,he'llbreakdownsoonerorlater.如果蒂姆继续这样工作,身体迟早会垮掉。eq\a\vs4\al([词汇对点训])单项填空1.—Nowadaysfewpeopleliveinaplacepermanently,andpopulationmobilityisa________.—Yes.Thepresentworldismoreonthe________thaneverbefore.A.tendency;go B.trend;moveC.phenomenon;move D.fashion;go解析:选B句意:“现在很少有人永久地住在一个地方,人口迁移是一种趋势。”“是的。当今世界比以前更在移动变化中。”tendency“倾向,趋势”;trend“趋势,动向”;phenomenon“现象”;fashion“流行,潮流”。onthego“忙个不停”;onthemove“在移动中”。根据语境可知应选B项。2.Mostpeoplearenotextremesineitherdirectionbutdohavea________thattheyprefer.A.meditation B.tendencyC.imagination D.expectation解析:选B句意:多数人在任何一个方面都不走极端,但他们的确有偏好。meditation“沉思,深思”;tendency“趋向,趋势”;imagination“想象”;expectation“期待,预期”。3.—JuliaandColinendedtheirrelationshiplastyear.—Whatmadetheirmarriage________?A.stayup B.breakupC.springup D.hangup解析:选Bstayup“熬夜,不睡觉”;breakup“散开,破裂,终止”;springup“迅速出现,突然兴起”;hangup“挂断电话,搁置,拖延”。两人的婚姻应该是破裂或终止,故B项正确。4.WiththedevelopmentofthecentralandwesternChina,moreandmorecitieshave________inwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.A.builtup B.sprungupC.grownup D.risenup解析:选B句意:随着中西部地区的发展,十年前的废弃土地上涌现出了越来越多的城市。springup“突然兴起,迅速出现”,符合句意。buildup“建立,增进”;growup“成长”;riseup“起义”。5.—They________outtheproblem,butfailed.—Whatashame!Havetheyfoundoutanotherway?A.soughttowork B.soughtworkingC.managedtowork D.managedworking解析:选Aseek后面接动词不定式作宾语,表示“尝试;试图”。句意:“他们试图解决这个难题,但是失败了。”“多么遗憾!他们发现另一个方法了吗?”managetodosth.意思是“设法做成了某事”,从后文的butfailed可以看出这里没有成功,所以不能选C和D项;seek表示“尝试;试图”,后面不接动名词。6.(浙江高考)Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto________fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.A.differ B.shrinkC.fail D.decline解析:选D句意:据科学家说,我们的思维能力在22岁达到顶峰后,从27岁开始下降。decline“下降”,符合题意。differ表示“与……不同”;shrink表示“收缩”;fail表示“失败”,均与语境不符。1.WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem,screamingandgoingcrazytryingtoseethem.无论“披头士”乐队到哪里,都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们,尖叫着,疯狂地想见他们一面。(1)wherever用作连词,表示“无论在/到什么地方”,相当于nomatterwhere。wherevertheBeatleswent在此句中是让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwheretheBeatleswent。①Whereveryougo,keepintouchwithme,please.无论你去哪里,请与我保持联络。(2)whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时,可以与“nomatter+疑问词”互换。“nomatter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不可引导名词性从句。②It'swrongtogivechildrenwhatever_they_want.孩子们要什么就给什么是错误的。(此处不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever)③Youcanturntothepeople'spoliceforhelp,no_matter_what/whateverkindoftroubleyouarein.无论遇到什么困难,你都可以求助于人民警察。④Whenever(=No_matter_when)youcome,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.无论什么时候来,你都会受到热烈欢迎。2.Nowadays,concertsheldinsportsstadiumsarecommon,anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.如今,在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常,而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现,试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。Itseemsthat...为固定句型,意为“似乎,好像……”,相当于Sb./Sth.seemsto...①Itseemsthatvictoryisjustastone'sthrow.=Victoryseems_to_bejustastone'sthrow.看来成功只有一步之遥了。②Itseemedthathisopinionwasmorepractical.=Hisopinionseemed_to_be_more_practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。eq\a\vs4\al([句型对点训])完成句子1.同样,在和平年代,凡是有苦难的地方,人们都期望得到红十字会的援助。Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpwherever_there_is_human_suffering.2.我们无法得知,为什么一个人有重大发现,而另一个人却失败了。(全国卷Ⅰ改编)There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscoverywhile_another_man_fails.3.他似乎害怕告诉父母考试没及格。It_seems_thatheisafraidtotellhisparentsthefailureintheexams.Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Moneyisoftensaidtobetheroot(根源)ofallevil.2.Thetendency(趋势)forwomentomarryandbearchildrenlaterresultsinpopulationdecreasing.3.TheStatueofLiberty(自由)inNewYorkHarbourwaspresentedbythepeopleofFrance.4.Iofferedhimalifttohishouse,buthedeclined(婉言谢绝)withthanks.5.Stronglyopposedtoracialdiscrimination(歧视),heinsiststhateveryonebetreatedequally.6.Canyouimaginepeoplebeingsoldasslaves(奴隶)?7.Thebookhasbeenstyledinamodernformat(样式),whichismorepopularamongtheyoung.8.Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice(偏见).9.Gradually(逐渐地),thesoundoffootstepsdiedaway.10.Thefansscreamed(尖叫)withexcitementwhentheysawhim.Ⅱ.完成句子1.我们外出度假期间,窃贼破门而入,偷走了价值900英镑的计算机设备。Burglarsbroke_inandstolecomputerequipmentworth£900whilewewereawayonholiday.2.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。Eatingtoomuchsugarcanlead_to_health_problems.3.他好像已经决定放弃出国学习的机会了。It_seems_thathehasdecidedtogiveuphisopportunitytostudyabroad.4.是他们开创了过低碳生活的新潮流。Itwastheythatset/started_a_new_trend_oflivingalow­carbonlife.5.患癌症后,他的健康每况愈下。Afterhehadsufferedfromcancer,hishealthwason_the_decline.6.无论你多么努力,如果不减少饮食,那么减肥是很难做到的。However/No_matter_how_hard_you_try,_itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.7.你需要寻求帮助,弄明白你为什么拿那些东西,以便你不会再继续这种行为。Youneedto_seek_help_to_find_outwhyyoutookthosethingssothatyouwon'tcontinuethiskindofbehavior.8.据说中国人(总是)为别人而活,而美国人为他们自己而活。ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers,while_the_Americans_are_for_themselves.9.如今,新楼房四处涌现,满足了人们改善住房条件的需求。Nowadaysnewbuildingsare_springing_up_everywhere,_satisfyingpeople'sdemandsforbetterhousingconditions.10.这种药很有效,但可能会引起头痛。Thedrugiseffectivebuthasa_tendency_to_cause_headaches.一、打牢语言基础,基稳才能楼高[单元语言点综合练习]Ⅰ.单项填空1.Abeautifulsunsetisa(n)________sight,whichimpressedmemostinmychildhood.A.awesome B.troublesomeC.hopeful D.harmless解析:选A句意:太阳下山时的景色令人叹为观止,这是我儿时印象最深刻的。awesome“极好的,令人惊叹的”;troublesome“麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的”;hopeful“抱有希望的,有希望的”;harmless“无害的”。2.Tuhao,datingbackperhapsasfarastheSouthernDynasty,has________itsnewmeaninginthepastfewyears.A.takenon B.putonC.carriedon D.dependedon解析:选A句意:可能会追溯到远至南朝时期的“土豪”一词这几年来已经呈现新的含义。takeon“呈现,承担”;puton“穿上,上演”;carryon“继续进行”;dependon“依靠,依赖”。3.Johnswimsverywell,butIdon'tliketheway________healwaysshowsoffinpublic.A.which B.howC.bywhich D./解析:选D分析句式结构可知,空格处引导定语从句并代替先行词theway在从句中作状语,此时用that或inwhich引导定语从句,that或inwhich可以省略。4.Theyweresorigidthattheirdecisionwasbasedonignoranceand________.A.reputation B.demandC.decline D.prejudice解析:选D句意:他们是如此刻板,以至于他们的决定是建立在无知和偏见的基础上。reputation“名誉,声望”;demand“要求,需求”;decline“衰落,衰败,下降”;prejudice“偏见”。5.ShehasalargecollectionofCDs.Itis________toeveryonethatshelovesmusic.A.general B.typicalC.normal D.evident解析:选D句意:她收藏了很多光盘。显然,大家都清楚她热爱音乐。general“一般的,大体的”;typical“特有的,典型的”;normal“正常的”;evident“清楚的,显然的”。6.—Thisteachingmethodseemsgood.—True.Itcanbe________inafewselectedschoolstoseehowitworksinpractice.A.workedout B.letoutC.triedout D.pickedout解析:选C句意:“这个教学方法似乎很好。”“是的,可以选一些学校试验,看在实践中如何奏效。”workout意为“解决;算出;实现”;letout意为“发出;泄露;出租”;tryout意为“试验”;pickout意为“挑选出”。根据语境可知C项正确。7.(2014·浙江高考)Joeisproudand________,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.A.strict B.sympatheticC.stubborn D.sensitive解析:选Cstrict“严格的”;sympathetic“富有同情心的”;stubborn“顽固的,固执的”;sensitive“敏感的”。从后半句的句意“(乔)从来不承认自己是错的,总是(把错误)归咎于别人”可知,乔是一个自负而又“固执的”人。8.Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas________peopleheowedmoneyto.A.attheexpenseof B.attheriskofC.inthewayof D.atthemercyof解析:选D句意:显然,这家小杂货铺店主任由他的债主们摆布。atthemercyof“任……处置,对……无能为力”,固定短语,符合语境。attheexpenseof“以……为代价,靠牺牲……”;attheriskof“冒……的风险”;inthewayof“作为……的手段”,都不符合题意。9.—Didyoucatch________sightofatallTVtowerinthedistancejustnow?—Yes,andnowit'soutof________sight.A./;the B./;/C.the;the D.a;a解析:选B句意:“刚才你看见远处有一座高高的电视塔了吗?”“是的,现在看不见了。”catchsightof“看见”,outofsight“看不见”,sight前面均不用冠词。10.They________inlovewitheachotherforthreeyears,buttheyhavenotdecidedtogetmarried.A.were B.fellC.havebeen D.havefallen解析:选C句意:他们已经相爱三年了,但是他们还没决定结婚。根据题干中的forthreeyears可知,只能是havebeeninlove,故C项正确。注意beinlove和fallinlove都是“爱上,喜欢上”之意,但用法不同。前者表示一种“爱,喜欢”的状态,可以与“一段时间”连用,而后者表示动作,不可以与“一段时间”连用。Ⅱ.完成句子1.我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。Ihavenever_met_such_a_kind_man.2.再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。It_will_be_some_time_beforeweknowthefullresults.3.他对职业妇女有偏见。Hehas_a_prejudice_againstcareerwomen.4.去年这个海岛的游客人数减少了10%。Thenumberoftouriststotheislanddeclined_by_10%lastyear.5.简人倒不错,就是往往太唠叨了。Jean'snicebutshehas_a_tendency_to_talktoomuch.6.我母亲因我对你态度粗鲁而训斥了我。Mymotherscolded_me_for_being_rudetoyou.7.你有能力做我的秘书吗?Doyouhave_the_ability_to_workasmysecretary?8.你猜他会去哪儿,北京还是上海?Where_do_you_guess_he_will_go,_BeijingorShanghai?9.无论他在什么地方都快乐。Wherever/Nomatterwherehemaybe,hewillbehappy.10.在你告诉汤姆真相前,他似乎还不知道这件事。Tomseemed_not_to_have_knownitbeforeyoutoldhimthetruth.二、勤练语篇阅读,多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空WhenIdecidedtogethealthy,Ihadtobreakbadhabits.Thisisnota(n)__1__task.Butit'sfunny,whenyou're__2__toreachagoal,youwilldostrangethings.IknowIdid!OneofthehabitsIhadtobreakwasmyexcessive__3__onfood.It'shardto__4__,butit'strue.IhadtolearntodealwithwhyI__5__sooften.Iamanursenow.Myearliernursing__6__gavemeenoughintelligencetoknowthatIreliedonfoodtomakemefeelbetter__7__.IatewhenIwasstressed,IatewhenIwas__8__,andIatealotwhenIfeltfear.Well,you__9__it—Ioveratedaily.Yetovereatingtocopewithmy__10__wasaverybadhabitIhadtobreaktogethealthy.Overthepast9yearsinkeepingmy__11__down,Ilearnthowtodealwithlife'schallengeswithout__12__.How?IguessthebestwaytoanswerthatquestionistosayIthinkthingsthroughbefore__13__.MaybeIusemyintelligence__14__myfeelings.Buttheveryfirststepformetogethealthywasto__15__thatusingfoodto__16__myfeelingswasabadhabit.OnceIacceptedthis,Itookcontrolofmyeating.__17__Iacceptedthis,myfeelingstookcontrolofme.Iadmitbreakingabadhabitis__18__,especiallyifyoudiditforalongtime.ButI'llalsoadmit,gainingcontrolofyoureatingandyourlifeisamuchbetter__19__thatopensdoorstoother__20__togethealthy.语篇解读:本文主要讲“我”曾经利用食物来控制情绪,结果自己吃得过多。现在为了健康,“我”要改掉这个坏习惯,控制饮食。1.A.difficult B.easyC.challenging D.tough解析:选B改掉坏习惯不是一个“容易的(easy)”任务。2.A.motivated B.interestedC.attracted D.forced解析:选A但是有趣的是,当你被激励要达到某个目标的时候,你会做奇怪的事情。bemotivatedtodosth.“被激励做某事”。故选A。3.A.excitement B.researchC.taste D.dependency解析:选D其中一个“我”需要改掉的习惯就是对食物的过度依赖。根据下文中的“Ireliedonfood”的提示可知,选D。4.A.recognize B.realizeC.find D.admit解析:选D承认这一点很难,但这是真的。根据下文中的“Iadmitbreakingabadhabitis__18__”的提示可知,选D。5.A.overcame B.overlookedC.overate D.overpaid解析:选C“我”不得不学会处理为什么“我”经常吃很多。根据下文中的“Ioveratedaily”的提示可知,选C。6.A.experience B.tasksC.plans D.training解析:选D“我”早期的护士培训给了“我”足够的智慧让“我”知道依赖食物使“我”感觉更好一点。故选D。7.A.constantly B.physicallyC.mentally D.heartily解析:选C吃食物来控制情绪能使“我”在精神上感觉更好,故此空选C。constantly“不断地”;physically“身体上”;mentally“精神上”;heartily“尽情地”。8.A.scared B.sadC.inspired D.encouraged解析:选B根据空格前面的“whenIwasstressed”和后面的“whenIfeltfear”可知,此空应选B。9.A.guessed B.predictedC.expressed D.ensured解析:选A你(可能)猜到了,“我”每天都吃多了。故选A。predict“预测”;express“表达”;ensure“确定”,均不符合语境。10.A.conditions B.emotionsC.problems D.situations解析:选B为了健康,“我”不得不改掉通过多吃来控制情绪的坏习惯。根据下文中的“usemyintelligence__14__myfeelings”的提示可知,选B。11.A.weight B.mindC.mood D.spirit解析:选A在过去的九年中,为了减肥,“我”学会了如何不靠食物来解决生活中的挑战。所以这里应该是指减肥“keepweightdown”。12.A.help B.supp

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