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Section_ⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsⅠ.高频单词A.根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词1.skyscrapern.摩天大楼2.centigradeadj.摄氏的n.摄氏度3.bordern.国界,边界;边疆4.countlessadj.无数的,数不清的5.recreationn.娱乐,消遣6.rankvi&vt.属于某个等级,将……归为某个等级;排列n.等级,地位;军衔7.historicadj.历史上著名的(或重要的),有历史意义的8.concreten.混凝土adj.具体的;有形的9.dynamicadj.充满活力的;动态的10frontiern.国界;边境B.用所给单词的适当形式填空11.Itwillbewellbelowfreezingwhenweleave.You'llfreezeifyoudon'tputacoaton.(freezing)12.Tomisafashionphotographerandhelikestakingphotographsonmanyoccasionsbuthedoesn'tlikebeingphotographed.(photographer)13.Hisfatherisaprofessionalhunter.Hehuntsanimalsintheopenaireveryday.Theotherdayhehappenedtoseepolicewerehuntingforakiller.(hunter)14.EveryyearmanytravellersgotovisitJiuzhaigouwherethesceneryisbeautiful.IfIhadalotofmoneyI'dtraveltheretoo.(traveller)15.Martinlostthehouseintheirdivorcesettlement.Afterthat,hemovedtosettleinChicago.(settlement)Ⅱ.重点短语1.secondonlyto仅次于2.beabundantin丰富的,富裕的3.befondof喜欢4.inadditionto除了……之外5.behometo为……所在地6.consistof由……组成7.seekone'sfortune外出寻找(成功或发财)机会8.littlemorethan只是……而已,仅仅Ⅲ.经典句型1.[句型展示]Forthosewholoveoutdooractivities,it_is_possible_to_hike,_sail,_cross_—_country_ski_or_travelbysnowmobileforhours...对于热爱户外活动的人来说,远足、帆船运动、越野、滑雪或雪车旅行几个小时是有可能的……[典例背诵]Isitpossibleforustogettotheairportbeforefive?五点钟之前可否赶到机场?2.[句型展示]Montreal,aportintheProvinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.蒙特利尔,魁北克省的一个港口,是加拿大的第二大城市,也是世界上第二大讲法语的城市,巴黎是最大的。[典例背诵]Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,allhisattentionfixeduponit.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力都在上面了。1.freezingadj.极冷的,冰冻的adv.极冷地[教材原句]Therearemanywildanimalsintheforestsandonthefreezinglandsinthenorth,andfishareabundantintheseasandrivers.在森林里、在北方的冰封之地有很多野生动物,海洋和河流中有大量的鱼类。①It'sfreezinginhere!Whynotturnontheairconditioner?这儿冷得不得了!为什么不打开空调呢?②It'susuallyfreezingcoldoutsideatthistimeofeveryyear.在每年这个时候外面极为寒冷。freezingpoint冰点freezevt.结冰,(使)冻住frozenadj.冷冻的,冷藏的;冻僵,冻硬的③It'stoocold.I'mabsolutelyfrozen!太冷了。我简直冻僵了!④Hegavehisnametoawellknownbrandoffrozenfood.他以自己的名字命名的冷冻食品成了名牌。[即境活用1]Walkingonsucha________wintermorning,Ifeltasifthewholeworldwas________.A.frozen;freezing B.frozen;frozenC.freezing;freezing D.freezing;frozen解析:选D。考查形容词辨析。句意:在这么寒冷的冬天的早晨行走,我感觉整个世界似乎被冻住了。freezing“冰冷的”;frozen“冷冻的,冻僵的”。2.settlementn.定居点;定居;(问题的)解决[教材原句]Althoughonlyahandfulofpeopleweresuccessful,manystayedandestablishedsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.尽管只有少数人获得了成功,但许多人都留了下来并在当地建立了定居点,如今有许多博物馆展示那时的生活情况。①Thestrikershavereachedasettlementwiththeemployers.罢工的人已和雇主达成协议。settlevi.&vt.安家;定居;解决settledown安静;定居;定下心来做(to)settlein/into(使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)②Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?你打算什么时候成家,安定下来?③Italwaystakestheclassawhiletosettledownatthestartofthelesson.那个班一上课总得过一会儿才能安静下来。④Ittakesafewmonthstosettleintolifeatcollege.要经过几个月才能适应大学生活。[即境活用2]Itwassonoisyoutsidethathecouldn't________downtoreading.A.settle B.putC.sit D.lie解析:选A。考查动词短语。句意:外边太吵了,他静不下心来读书。settledown“使定居,使安定生活”;settledownto“定下心来做”;to为个词。putdown“记下,放下”。3.behometo为……的所在地[教材原句]Edmonton,acityinBritishColumbia'sneighbouringprovinceofAlberta,ishometotheWestEdmontonMall.埃德蒙顿,一座位于与不列颠哥伦比亚省毗邻的阿尔伯达省的城市,是西埃德蒙顿购物中心的所在地。①Beijingishometomanykeyuniversities.北京是许多重点大学的所在地。②Silicon硅谷是许多高科技公司的所在地。makeyourselfathome别拘束asecondhome第二故乡thehomeofsth.某事物的发源地,(植物或动物的)产地bringsth.hometosb.使某人了解某事的重要性comehometosb.使某人(痛苦地)完全明白③Itsuddenlycomehometohimthathewasnevergoingtoseeheragain.他突然明白他再也见不到她了。④Thetelevisionpicturesbroughthometousthefullhorroroftheattack.电视画面使我们充分地了解了这次袭击有多么恐怖。[即境活用3]Thesettlementishome________nearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.to;whom B.for;whichC.to;them D.for;those解析:选A。考查home的固定短语和定语从句引导词。behometo意为“是……的家园”。由many之前的逗号和选项特征,可知此句是非限制性定语从句,故选A。4.seekone'sfortune外出寻找(成功或发财)机会[教材原句]ApproximatelyonemillionpeoplelefttheirhomesandtravelledwestwardstoseektheirfortuneintheGoldRush.在淘金热中,将近一百万人离开了他们的家园,往西去碰运气。①YoumayaswellgotoShanghaitoseekyourfortune.你不妨去上海碰碰运气。makeafortune发财havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸能做某事leaveafortunetosb.留给某人一笔遗产②HewenttoAustraliaandsoonhadthegoodfortunetofindagoodjobthere.他到澳大利亚以后,很快就找到了一份好工作。③Herfatherleftafortunetoherfiveyearsago.五年前,她父亲留给她了一笔遗产。[即境活用4]Itissaidthathemadea________abroadcollectingoldthings.A.wealth B.possessionC.money D.fortune解析:选D。句意:据说他在国外收集古玩发了大财。makeafortune“发财”;wealth“财富,财产”,不可数名词;possession“财产”,不与make连用。5.littlemorethan只是……而已,仅仅[教材原句]Backthen,itwaslittlemorethananarmycampprotecting...那时,仅仅有一个军营保护着……①Don'tworry.Itwaslittlemorethanascratch.不要担心。仅仅是一点擦伤而已。notmorethan不超过,至多nomorethan仅仅morethan非常,超过,不仅仅是moreandmore越来越……moreorless几乎,大概,大约②It'sabeautifulcottage,notmorethanfiveminutesfromthenearestbeach.那是一座漂亮的小屋,离最近的海滩至多5分钟的路程。③It'shermannerIdislike,morethanwhatsheactuallysays.我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么,而是她的态度。④We'reexpecting150delegatesattheconference,moreorless.我们预计大约会有150名代表参加会议。[即境活用5]Themeetingistobegininaminute,butthereare________50peopleinthemeetinghall.A.morethan B.notmorethanC.nomorethan D.muchmorethan解析:选C。句意:会议在一分钟内就要开了,但是在会议大厅里仅有50人。morethan“多于,超过”;notmorethan“至多,不超过”;nomorethan“仅仅”;muchmorethan“比……多”。1.Forthosewholovenaturalrecreation,it_is_possible_to_walk,_sail_or_cross_—_country_skiforhours—orevendays—withoutmeetinganotherperson.对于那些喜欢去大自然消遣的人来说,在散步、帆船运动、越野滑雪旅行中,他们可能好几个小时甚至好几天碰不到一个人。Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是有可能的①Itisnotpossibletoliveonthemoon.在月球上生活是不可能的。②Itshouldsoonbepossibleformostpeopletoworkfromhome.让多数人在家里办公应该很快就可能实现。③Woulditbepossibletohavebrownbreadinsteadofwhite?是否可以要黑面包而不要白面包呢?possible,probable,likelypossiblepossible的可能性最小,指客观上有可能,往往含有“希望很小”的意味。不用人作主语probableprobable可能性最大,表示“很可能,十有八九”。同样不用人作主语likelylikely表示外表迹象表明的有可能,与probable的可能性接近。这三个词中,只有likely可以用人作主语[自填助记]①Itispossible,_thoughnotprobable,_thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来,但也不一定准来。②Heislikelytocome.=Itislikelythathewillcome.他可能会来。[即境活用1]Awaris_______tobreakoutbetweenSouthKoreaandNorthA.possible;defend B.probable;defenceC.likely;defend D.likely;defence解析:选C。likely可以用物作主语,而possible和probable不能;defend为动词,意为“保卫”。2.Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.港口城市蒙特利尔位于魁北克省境内,是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上第二大法语城市,最大的法语城市是巴黎。句中Parisbeingthelargest是独立主格结构,表示补充说明,Paris是分词短语beingthelargest的逻辑主语。独立主格结构的用法如下:(1)构成:名词/主格代词+分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词/副词;(2)功能:作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等状语,通常可转换成状语从句;(3)特征:意义上相当于一个句子,但就结构而言并非如此(无谓语)。①Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.如果时间允许,我将上完另一节课。②Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼镜坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。③Theysaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,andtheothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后,一个回了家,另一个去了书店。④Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老师走了进来,手里拿着书。⑤Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。[点津]分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同。分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语;独立主格结构本身带有逻辑主语,这个主语和句子主语不一致。[即境活用2]①(2012·新课标全国卷)Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________.A.permitting B.topermitC.permitted D.permit解析:选A。考查独立主格结构。句意:如果天气允许的话,聚会将在花园里举行。weatherpermitting(=ifweatherpermits)为独立主格结构,因为weather是permit这个动作的发出者,故用现在分词形式。②Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunched B.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunched D.tobelaunched解析:选B。考查独立主格结构的用法。由于句子中没有连词,所以不能选A。又因为动作于去年的三月底就已经发生,所以不能选表示未来动作的D和表示进行动作的C。Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Lastyear,hewasranked(排名)secondinhisagegroup.2.Todayisahistoric(有历史意义的)occasionforourparty.3.Heisadynamic(充满活力的)youngbusinessman.4.I'vetoldhercountless(无数的)times,butshestillcan'trememberit.5.Ireallycan'tstandsuchfreezing(极冷的)weatherhere;IwanttomovetoSanya.6.TheterroristswerestoppedtryingtocrosstheSpanishborder(边界).7.Duncanpreferscrosscountry(越野的)skiingtodownhill.8.Haveyougotanyconcrete(具体的)proposalsastowhatweshoulddo?9.Hisrecreations(娱乐)aredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootballgames.10.Marketsaredynamic(动态的)andacompanymustlearntoadapt.Ⅱ.完成句子1.除了当地的植物之外,这座花园还有无数来自海外的树和花。In_addition_tonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.2.癌症是仅次于心脏病的致死疾病。Cancerissecond_only_toheartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.3.爷爷告诉我这湖里有很多鳟鱼。Mygrandpatellsmethelake4.总统被杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲伤之中。The_president_murdered,_thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.5.有可能预测俄罗斯将发生什么事吗?Is_it_possible_to_predictwhatwillhappeninRussia?Ⅲ.单项填空1.—Congratulationsonyourmovingtothenewhouse!—Thanks.Andwelcometovisitussomedayafterwe________.A.breakdown B.settledownC.putdown D.calmdown解析:选B。breakdown“坏掉,垮掉”;settledown“安顿下来”;putdown“放下来”;calmdown“冷静下来”。根据句意故选B。2.However________certainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.A.rare B.abundantC.valuable D.luxurious解析:选B。句意:不管某些自然资源多么丰富,它们自己不会再生,终究要被用完的。abundant“丰富的”;rare“稀少的”;valuable“有价值的”;luxurious“豪华的,奢侈的”。3.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,________arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthem B.mostofwhichC.mostofwhat D.mostofthat解析:选B。本题很容易产生错误判断而选A,构成独立主格结构;然而空缺后有谓语动词are,故可否定这一选项,由句子结构可看出,后句应是mostofwhich引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词factors。4.Sichuanishome_______pandaswhicharefond_______eatingbamboo.A.to;to B.to;ofC.of;to D.of;of解析:选B。考查介词。句意:四川是大熊猫的栖息地,它们喜欢吃竹子。behometo“是……的家园”。befondof“喜爱,喜欢”。5.Ittook________buildingsuppliestoconstructtheseenergysavinghouses.Ittookbrains,too.A.otherthan B.morethanC.ratherthan D.lessthan解析:选B。句意:建造这些节能房屋不仅仅要花费建筑材料,还需要智慧。morethan在句中意为“不仅仅”,修饰名词。otherthan“除了”;ratherthan“而不是”;lessthan“少于”。6.Acricketteam________elevenplayers.A.consistsof B.isconsistedofC.ismadeof D.makesupof解析:选A。bemadeupof=consistof,表示组成的部分,consistof“没有被动形式”。7.TomorrowisSundayandhehasadayoff,soheis________toattendourparty.A.probable B.possibleC.likely D.possibility解析:选C。此句的主语是人,只能用sb.islikelytodosth.(某人有可能做某事)句型。8.(2012·新课标全国卷)Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,________Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A.therefore B.althoughC.since D.unless解析:选B。考查连词的用法。句意:虽然我得说你的确看起来很面熟,但是我相信我们以前没有见过面。结合前后两部分的内容可知后半句引导的是让步状语从句。A项表示“因此”,C项表示“因为,自从”,D项表示“除非”,语意逻辑都不恰当。9.—DoyoumindifItakeoffmyjacket?—________.A.Ofcoursenot!MakeyourselfathomeB.Oh,it'sverykindofyoutodosoC.I'llbehappyifIcanbeofanyhelpD.Yes,it'sprettywarm解析:选A。答句意为“当然不介意!别拘束”。makeoneselfathome“别拘束”故选A。10.You'llneverbe________untilyoueatlessandtakemoreexercise.A.incommon B.inshapeC.instyle D.introuble解析:选B。考查介词短语辨析。incommon“共同的,共有的”;inshape“身体好”;instyle“有气派,有风度”;introuble“遇到麻烦”。根据句意知选B。Ⅳ.阅读理解AIntheUSA,drivinglawsdiffersomewhatfromstatetostateandconsiderablyfromwhatyouareusedto.Hereisalistofsomeimportantdifferences.SpeedLimitsSpeedlimitsaredesignatedinmilesperhour(MPH),notkilometers.Onemileequals1.6093kilometers.Withincitiesthespeedlimitisusually25mph.Majorstreetswithtwoormorelinesmaypostahigherlimitof35mph,butyoushouldassumea25mphlimitunlessyouseeasignwithahigherlimit.Highwayshaveaspeedlimitof55DrivingontheRightUnliketheUK,somecountriesinAsia,andinAustralia,intheUnitedStatescarsdriveontherightsideoftheroad,andsteeringwheels(方向盘)arelocatedontheleftsideofthecar.Evenifyoudon'tdriveacar,youneedtobeawareofthisrule.Everyyearafewinternationalstudentsarehitbycarsbecausetheystepofftheroadsidesintothepathofoncomingtraffic.Onmoststreetscarswillbecomingfromyourleft,notyourright.InsuranceMoststatesrequireyoutomaintaincertainminimumlevelsofinsuranceonyourcarincaseyouareinvolvedinanaccident.Theinsurancecoversyourliability(责任)fordamagetoothercarsandinjuriescausedtoallthepeopleinvolvedintheaccident.Westronglyrecommendgettinginsurancethatcoversmorethanthelegalminimum.Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcarandtheftinsuranceincasethecarisstolen,butthisisonlyworthwhileforanewcaroramodelofrecentyears.Ifyoudon'thavecarinsurance,youwon'tbeabletoregisterthecar.语篇解读:没有规矩,不成方圆。在美国开车可得悠着点儿。限速是多少?开车靠哪边?如何办保险?入乡要随俗,习惯成自然。1.WhendrivinginanAmericancity,you'dbetterlimityourspeedwithinabout________.A.25mphC.55mph解析:选A。细节理解题。根据“SpeedLimits”中第三句的内容可知当你开车行驶在美国的城市里时,最好将车速限制在每小时25英里左右。2.Ifyoudrivebeyondthespeedlimits,you'll________.A.besentintoprisonB.getnocarinsuranceC.havetopaymuchmoneyD.betakentothepolicestation解析:选C。细节理解题。根据“SpeedLimits”中最后一句的内容可知如果超速行驶,驾车者须付巨额罚金,驾照也会被扣留。3.WelearnfromthepassagethatinternationalstudentsinAmerica________.A.alwaysdrivecarsontheleftB.canhardlyaffordtohavetheirowncarsC.knowabouttherulesclearlyD.shouldpaymoreattentiontotherules解析:选D。推理判断题。根据“DrivingontheRight”中第二段第二句可推知在美国的外国留学生应该多注意交通规则。4.Whichcarinsuranceshouldyougetinordertosaveyourmoneytorepairyourcar?A.Liabilityinsurance. B.Theftinsurance.C.Collisioninsurance. D.Injuryinsurance.解析:选C。细节理解题。根据“Insurance”中的“Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcar...”可知,如果你想省下修车的钱,可以办理“碰撞险”。BFormanyyearsthere'sbeenadebateaboutrewardingourchildren.Doesiswork?Isiteffective?Ifso,whatkindofrewardsshouldbeused?Touserewards,weestablishastandardwithourkidsandgivethemsomethingformeetingthisstandard.Punishmentisgivenoutinmuchthesameway,butit'susedwhencertainstandardsofperformance,behavior,etc.havenotbeenmet.Theproblemhereisnotthatrewardsandpunishmentsdon'thaveimmediateresults.Theyoftendohavequickresults.Kidsoftenwillbecomemoreobedientwhenthreatenedwithpunishment,andworkhardwhenpromisedavaluablereward.Buttheproblemiswhathappenswhenyouaren'taround.Todevelopresponsible,selfdisciplinedkids,parentsneedtopromotecertainideas.Oneoftheseideasisthateveryoneparticipatesinandhelpsinyourfamily,evenifyou'renotcrazyabouthelping.Anotherideaisthattherecanbeenjoymentindoinganytaskifwechoosetomakeitso.Whenataskisforaworthycause(ourfamilycanenjoythehousemorebecauseIhelpcleanit),andwhenparentsarecheerfulabouttheirchores(日常事务),thismessagecanhaveabigimpact(影响).Thisishowwehelpourkidsdevelopanintrinsic(内在的)senseofresponsibility.Whenourchildrendevelopthisresponsibility,they'llbemoredisciplined,andthey'llcontroltheiremotionsbetter.Whenwegiverewardstoourkids,wereducethisintrinsicsenseofresponsibi
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