2019年英语新译林选修九（江苏专用）讲义Unit1SectionⅡWeletotheunitReading-Languagepoints

Section_ⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsⅠ.高频单词A．根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词1．skyscrapern．摩天大楼2．centigradeadj.摄氏的n.摄氏度3．bordern.国界，边界；边疆4．countlessadj.无数的，数不清的5．recreationn.娱乐，消遣6．rankvi&vt.属于某个等级，将……归为某个等级；排列n.等级，地位；军衔7．historicadj.历史上著名的(或重要的)，有历史意义的8．concreten.混凝土adj.具体的；有形的9．dynamicadj.充满活力的；动态的10frontiern.国界；边境B．用所给单词的适当形式填空11．Itwillbewellbelowfreezingwhenweleave.You'llfreezeifyoudon'tputacoaton.(freezing)12．Tomisafashionphotographerandhelikestakingphotographsonmanyoccasionsbuthedoesn'tlikebeingphotographed.(photographer)13．Hisfatherisaprofessionalhunter.Hehuntsanimalsintheopenaireveryday.Theotherdayhehappenedtoseepolicewerehuntingforakiller.(hunter)14．EveryyearmanytravellersgotovisitJiuzhaigouwherethesceneryisbeautiful.IfIhadalotofmoneyI'dtraveltheretoo.(traveller)15．Martinlostthehouseintheirdivorcesettlement.Afterthat,hemovedtosettleinChicago.(settlement)Ⅱ.重点短语1．secondonlyto仅次于2．beabundantin丰富的，富裕的3．befondof喜欢4．inadditionto除了……之外5．behometo为……所在地6．consistof由……组成7．seekone'sfortune外出寻找(成功或发财)机会8．littlemorethan只是……而已，仅仅Ⅲ.经典句型1．[句型展示]Forthosewholoveoutdooractivities,it_is_possible_to_hike,_sail,_cross_—_country_ski_or_travelbysnowmobileforhours...对于热爱户外活动的人来说，远足、帆船运动、越野、滑雪或雪车旅行几个小时是有可能的……[典例背诵]Isitpossibleforustogettotheairportbeforefive?五点钟之前可否赶到机场？2．[句型展示]Montreal,aportintheProvinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada，andalsothesecondlargestFrench­speakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.蒙特利尔，魁北克省的一个港口，是加拿大的第二大城市，也是世界上第二大讲法语的城市，巴黎是最大的。[典例背诵]Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,allhisattentionfixeduponit.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都在上面了。1.freezingadj.极冷的，冰冻的adv.极冷地[教材原句]Therearemanywildanimalsintheforestsandonthefreezinglandsinthenorth,andfishareabundantintheseasandrivers.在森林里、在北方的冰封之地有很多野生动物，海洋和河流中有大量的鱼类。①It'sfreezinginhere！Whynotturnontheairconditioner?这儿冷得不得了！为什么不打开空调呢？②It'susuallyfreezingcoldoutsideatthistimeofeveryyear.在每年这个时候外面极为寒冷。freezingpoint冰点freezevt.结冰，(使)冻住frozenadj.冷冻的，冷藏的；冻僵，冻硬的③It'stoocold.I'mabsolutelyfrozen!太冷了。我简直冻僵了！④Hegavehisnametoawell­knownbrandoffrozenfood.他以自己的名字命名的冷冻食品成了名牌。[即境活用1]Walkingonsucha________wintermorning,Ifeltasifthewholeworldwas________.A．frozen;freezing B．frozen;frozenC．freezing;freezing D．freezing；frozen解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意：在这么寒冷的冬天的早晨行走，我感觉整个世界似乎被冻住了。freezing“冰冷的”；frozen“冷冻的，冻僵的”。2.settlementn．定居点；定居；(问题的)解决[教材原句]Althoughonlyahandfulofpeopleweresuccessful,manystayedandestablishedsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.尽管只有少数人获得了成功，但许多人都留了下来并在当地建立了定居点，如今有许多博物馆展示那时的生活情况。①Thestrikershavereachedasettlementwiththeemployers.罢工的人已和雇主达成协议。settlevi.&vt.安家；定居；解决settledown安静；定居；定下心来做(to)settlein/into(使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)②Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?你打算什么时候成家，安定下来？③Italwaystakestheclassawhiletosettledownatthestartofthelesson.那个班一上课总得过一会儿才能安静下来。④Ittakesafewmonthstosettleintolifeatcollege.要经过几个月才能适应大学生活。[即境活用2]Itwassonoisyoutsidethathecouldn't________downtoreading.A．settle B．putC．sit D．lie解析：选A。考查动词短语。句意：外边太吵了，他静不下心来读书。settledown“使定居，使安定生活”；settledownto“定下心来做”；to为个词。putdown“记下，放下”。3．behometo为……的所在地[教材原句]Edmonton,acityinBritishColumbia'sneighbouringprovinceofAlberta,ishometotheWestEdmontonMall.埃德蒙顿，一座位于与不列颠哥伦比亚省毗邻的阿尔伯达省的城市，是西埃德蒙顿购物中心的所在地。①Beijingishometomanykeyuniversities.北京是许多重点大学的所在地。②Silicon硅谷是许多高科技公司的所在地。makeyourselfathome别拘束asecondhome第二故乡thehomeofsth.某事物的发源地，(植物或动物的)产地bringsth.hometosb.使某人了解某事的重要性comehometosb.使某人(痛苦地)完全明白③Itsuddenlycomehometohimthathewasnevergoingtoseeheragain.他突然明白他再也见不到她了。④Thetelevisionpicturesbroughthometousthefullhorroroftheattack.电视画面使我们充分地了解了这次袭击有多么恐怖。[即境活用3]Thesettlementishome________nearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A．to;whom B．for;whichC．to;them D．for;those解析：选A。考查home的固定短语和定语从句引导词。behometo意为“是……的家园”。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，可知此句是非限制性定语从句，故选A。4．seekone'sfortune外出寻找(成功或发财)机会[教材原句]ApproximatelyonemillionpeoplelefttheirhomesandtravelledwestwardstoseektheirfortuneintheGoldRush.在淘金热中，将近一百万人离开了他们的家园，往西去碰运气。①YoumayaswellgotoShanghaitoseekyourfortune.你不妨去上海碰碰运气。makeafortune发财havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸能做某事leaveafortunetosb.留给某人一笔遗产②HewenttoAustraliaandsoonhadthegoodfortunetofindagoodjobthere.他到澳大利亚以后，很快就找到了一份好工作。③Herfatherleftafortunetoherfiveyearsago.五年前，她父亲留给她了一笔遗产。[即境活用4]Itissaidthathemadea________abroadcollectingoldthings.A．wealth B．possessionC．money D．fortune解析：选D。句意：据说他在国外收集古玩发了大财。makeafortune“发财”；wealth“财富，财产”，不可数名词；possession“财产”，不与make连用。5.littlemorethan只是……而已，仅仅[教材原句]Backthen,itwaslittlemorethananarmycampprotecting...那时，仅仅有一个军营保护着……①Don'tworry.Itwaslittlemorethanascratch.不要担心。仅仅是一点擦伤而已。notmorethan不超过，至多nomorethan仅仅morethan非常，超过，不仅仅是moreandmore越来越……moreorless几乎，大概，大约②It'sabeautifulcottage,notmorethanfiveminutesfromthenearestbeach.那是一座漂亮的小屋，离最近的海滩至多5分钟的路程。③It'shermannerIdislike,morethanwhatsheactuallysays.我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么，而是她的态度。④We'reexpecting150delegatesattheconference,moreorless.我们预计大约会有150名代表参加会议。[即境活用5]Themeetingistobegininaminute,butthereare________50peopleinthemeetinghall.A．morethan B．notmorethanC．nomorethan D．muchmorethan解析：选C。句意：会议在一分钟内就要开了，但是在会议大厅里仅有50人。morethan“多于，超过”；notmorethan“至多，不超过”；nomorethan“仅仅”；muchmorethan“比……多”。1．Forthosewholovenaturalrecreation,it_is_possible_to_walk,_sail_or_cross_—_country_skiforhours—orevendays—withoutmeetinganotherperson.对于那些喜欢去大自然消遣的人来说，在散步、帆船运动、越野滑雪旅行中，他们可能好几个小时甚至好几天碰不到一个人。Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是有可能的①Itisnotpossibletoliveonthemoon.在月球上生活是不可能的。②Itshouldsoonbepossibleformostpeopletoworkfromhome.让多数人在家里办公应该很快就可能实现。③Woulditbepossibletohavebrownbreadinsteadofwhite?是否可以要黑面包而不要白面包呢？possible,probable,likelypossiblepossible的可能性最小，指客观上有可能，往往含有“希望很小”的意味。不用人作主语probableprobable可能性最大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。同样不用人作主语likelylikely表示外表迹象表明的有可能，与probable的可能性接近。这三个词中，只有likely可以用人作主语[自填助记]①Itispossible,_thoughnotprobable,_thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。②Heislikelytocome.＝Itislikelythathewillcome.他可能会来。[即境活用1]Awaris_______tobreakoutbetweenSouthKoreaandNorthA．possible;defend B．probable;defenceC．likely;defend D．likely;defence解析：选C。likely可以用物作主语，而possible和probable不能；defend为动词，意为“保卫”。2．Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrench­speakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.港口城市蒙特利尔位于魁北克省境内，是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上第二大法语城市，最大的法语城市是巴黎。句中Parisbeingthelargest是独立主格结构，表示补充说明，Paris是分词短语beingthelargest的逻辑主语。独立主格结构的用法如下：(1)构成：名词/主格代词＋分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词/副词；(2)功能：作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等状语，通常可转换成状语从句；(3)特征：意义上相当于一个句子，但就结构而言并非如此(无谓语)。①Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.如果时间允许，我将上完另一节课。②Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。③Theysaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,andtheothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，另一个去了书店。④Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老师走了进来，手里拿着书。⑤Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。[点津]分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同。分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语；独立主格结构本身带有逻辑主语，这个主语和句子主语不一致。[即境活用2]①(2012·新课标全国卷)Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________.A．permitting B．topermitC．permitted D．permit解析：选A。考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weatherpermitting(＝ifweatherpermits)为独立主格结构，因为weather是permit这个动作的发出者，故用现在分词形式。②Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched B．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunched D．tobelaunched解析：选B。考查独立主格结构的用法。由于句子中没有连词，所以不能选A。又因为动作于去年的三月底就已经发生，所以不能选表示未来动作的D和表示进行动作的C。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Lastyear,hewasranked(排名)secondinhisagegroup.2．Todayisahistoric(有历史意义的)occasionforourparty.3．Heisadynamic(充满活力的)youngbusinessman.4．I'vetoldhercountless(无数的)times,butshestillcan'trememberit.5．Ireallycan'tstandsuchfreezing(极冷的)weatherhere;IwanttomovetoSanya.6．TheterroristswerestoppedtryingtocrosstheSpanishborder(边界)．7．Duncanpreferscross­country(越野的)skiingtodownhill.8．Haveyougotanyconcrete(具体的)proposalsastowhatweshoulddo?9．Hisrecreations(娱乐)aredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootballgames.10．Marketsaredynamic(动态的)andacompanymustlearntoadapt.Ⅱ.完成句子1．除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的树和花。In_addition_tonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.2．癌症是仅次于心脏病的致死疾病。Cancerissecond_only_toheartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.3．爷爷告诉我这湖里有很多鳟鱼。Mygrandpatellsmethelake4．总统被杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲伤之中。The_president_murdered,_thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.5．有可能预测俄罗斯将发生什么事吗？Is_it_possible_to_predictwhatwillhappeninRussia?Ⅲ.单项填空1．—Congratulationsonyourmovingtothenewhouse!—Thanks.Andwelcometovisitussomedayafterwe________.A．breakdown B．settledownC．putdown D．calmdown解析：选B。breakdown“坏掉，垮掉”；settledown“安顿下来”；putdown“放下来”；calmdown“冷静下来”。根据句意故选B。2．However________certainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.A．rare B．abundantC．valuable D．luxurious解析：选B。句意：不管某些自然资源多么丰富，它们自己不会再生，终究要被用完的。abundant“丰富的”；rare“稀少的”；valuable“有价值的”；luxurious“豪华的，奢侈的”。3．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,________arebeyondourcontrol.A．mostofthem B．mostofwhichC．mostofwhat D．mostofthat解析：选B。本题很容易产生错误判断而选A，构成独立主格结构；然而空缺后有谓语动词are，故可否定这一选项，由句子结构可看出，后句应是mostofwhich引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词factors。4．Sichuanishome_______pandaswhicharefond_______eatingbamboo.A．to;to B．to;ofC．of;to D．of;of解析：选B。考查介词。句意：四川是大熊猫的栖息地，它们喜欢吃竹子。behometo“是……的家园”。befondof“喜爱，喜欢”。5．Ittook________buildingsuppliestoconstructtheseenergysavinghouses.Ittookbrains,too.A．otherthan B．morethanC．ratherthan D．lessthan解析：选B。句意：建造这些节能房屋不仅仅要花费建筑材料，还需要智慧。morethan在句中意为“不仅仅”，修饰名词。otherthan“除了”；ratherthan“而不是”；lessthan“少于”。6．Acricketteam________elevenplayers.A．consistsof B．isconsistedofC．ismadeof D．makesupof解析：选A。bemadeupof＝consistof，表示组成的部分，consistof“没有被动形式”。7．TomorrowisSundayandhehasadayoff,soheis________toattendourparty.A．probable B．possibleC．likely D．possibility解析：选C。此句的主语是人，只能用sb.islikelytodosth.(某人有可能做某事)句型。8．(2012·新课标全国卷)Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,________Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A．therefore B．althoughC．since D．unless解析：选B。考查连词的用法。句意：虽然我得说你的确看起来很面熟，但是我相信我们以前没有见过面。结合前后两部分的内容可知后半句引导的是让步状语从句。A项表示“因此”，C项表示“因为，自从”，D项表示“除非”，语意逻辑都不恰当。9．—DoyoumindifItakeoffmyjacket?—________.A．Ofcoursenot！MakeyourselfathomeB．Oh,it'sverykindofyoutodosoC．I'llbehappyifIcanbeofanyhelpD．Yes,it'sprettywarm解析：选A。答句意为“当然不介意！别拘束”。makeoneselfathome“别拘束”故选A。10．You'llneverbe________untilyoueatlessandtakemoreexercise.A．incommon B．inshapeC．instyle D．introuble解析：选B。考查介词短语辨析。incommon“共同的，共有的”；inshape“身体好”；instyle“有气派，有风度”；introuble“遇到麻烦”。根据句意知选B。Ⅳ.阅读理解AIntheUSA,drivinglawsdiffersomewhatfromstatetostateandconsiderablyfromwhatyouareusedto.Hereisalistofsomeimportantdifferences.SpeedLimitsSpeedlimitsaredesignatedinmilesperhour(MPH),notkilometers.Onemileequals1.6093kilometers.Withincitiesthespeedlimitisusually25mph.Majorstreetswithtwoormorelinesmaypostahigherlimitof35mph,butyoushouldassumea25mphlimitunlessyouseeasignwithahigherlimit.Highwayshaveaspeedlimitof55DrivingontheRightUnliketheUK,somecountriesinAsia,andinAustralia,intheUnitedStatescarsdriveontherightsideoftheroad,andsteeringwheels(方向盘)arelocatedontheleftsideofthecar.Evenifyoudon'tdriveacar,youneedtobeawareofthisrule.Everyyearafewinternationalstudentsarehitbycarsbecausetheystepofftheroadsidesintothepathofoncomingtraffic.Onmoststreetscarswillbecomingfromyourleft,notyourright.InsuranceMoststatesrequireyoutomaintaincertainminimumlevelsofinsuranceonyourcarincaseyouareinvolvedinanaccident.Theinsurancecoversyourliability(责任)fordamagetoothercarsandinjuriescausedtoallthepeopleinvolvedintheaccident.Westronglyrecommendgettinginsurancethatcoversmorethanthelegalminimum.Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcarandtheftinsuranceincasethecarisstolen,butthisisonlyworthwhileforanewcaroramodelofrecentyears.Ifyoudon'thavecarinsurance,youwon'tbeabletoregisterthecar.语篇解读：没有规矩，不成方圆。在美国开车可得悠着点儿。限速是多少？开车靠哪边？如何办保险？入乡要随俗，习惯成自然。1．WhendrivinginanAmericancity,you'dbetterlimityourspeedwithinabout________.A．25mphC．55mph解析：选A。细节理解题。根据“SpeedLimits”中第三句的内容可知当你开车行驶在美国的城市里时，最好将车速限制在每小时25英里左右。2．Ifyoudrivebeyondthespeedlimits,you'll________.A．besentintoprisonB．getnocarinsuranceC．havetopaymuchmoneyD．betakentothepolicestation解析：选C。细节理解题。根据“SpeedLimits”中最后一句的内容可知如果超速行驶，驾车者须付巨额罚金，驾照也会被扣留。3．WelearnfromthepassagethatinternationalstudentsinAmerica________.A．alwaysdrivecarsontheleftB．canhardlyaffordtohavetheirowncarsC．knowabouttherulesclearlyD．shouldpaymoreattentiontotherules解析：选D。推理判断题。根据“DrivingontheRight”中第二段第二句可推知在美国的外国留学生应该多注意交通规则。4．Whichcarinsuranceshouldyougetinordertosaveyourmoneytorepairyourcar?A．Liabilityinsurance. B．Theftinsurance.C．Collisioninsurance. D．Injuryinsurance.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据“Insurance”中的“Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcar...”可知，如果你想省下修车的钱，可以办理“碰撞险”。BFormanyyearsthere'sbeenadebateaboutrewardingourchildren.Doesiswork？Isiteffective？Ifso,whatkindofrewardsshouldbeused?Touserewards,weestablishastandardwithourkidsandgivethemsomethingformeetingthisstandard.Punishmentisgivenoutinmuchthesameway,butit'susedwhencertainstandardsofperformance，behavior,etc.havenotbeenmet.Theproblemhereisnotthatrewardsandpunishmentsdon'thaveimmediateresults.Theyoftendohavequickresults.Kidsoftenwillbecomemoreobedientwhenthreatenedwithpunishment,andworkhardwhenpromisedavaluablereward.Buttheproblemiswhathappenswhenyouaren'taround.Todevelopresponsible,self­disciplinedkids,parentsneedtopromotecertainideas.Oneoftheseideasisthateveryoneparticipatesinandhelpsinyourfamily，evenifyou'renotcrazyabouthelping.Anotherideaisthattherecanbeenjoymentindoinganytaskifwechoosetomakeitso.Whenataskisforaworthycause(ourfamilycanenjoythehousemorebecauseIhelpcleanit),andwhenparentsarecheerfulabouttheirchores(日常事务),thismessagecanhaveabigimpact(影响)．Thisishowwehelpourkidsdevelopanintrinsic(内在的)senseofresponsibility.Whenourchildrendevelopthisresponsibility,they'llbemoredisciplined,andthey'llcontroltheiremotionsbetter.Whenwegiverewardstoourkids,wereducethisintrinsicsenseofresponsibi