2019年英语新译林必修三（江苏专用）讲义Unit1SectionⅤProject

Section_ⅤProject[原文呈现][读文清障]Shark①attacksTherearenearly400differenttypesofsharks,butonlyabout30typesareknownto②haveattacked③humanbeings④.Manypeopleknowthatthemostdangeroussharkisthegreatwhiteshark,probably⑤becausetheyhaveseenthefilmJaws⑥.However⑦，twoother⑧sharksarealsoratherdangerous:thetigersharkandthebull⑨shark.Contrary⑩to⑪whatmanypeoplemightassume⑫，evidence⑬showsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.Therearethreetypesofsharkattacks.Inthemaintype,thesharkattacksyoubecauseitmistakesyoufor⑭afish,butwhenittasteshumanflesh⑮itdecidestogiveup⑯andswimsaway.Inthesecondtype,thesharkpushesyouwithitsnosetofindoutifyouarefittobeeaten⑰，andthenbitesyouifitthinksyouare⑱.Inthethirdtype,thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyousuddenly.Thelasttwotypesofattackmoreoftenresultin⑲thedeathofhumans.①shark/ʃɑːk/n.鲨鱼②areknownto...可转换为Itisknownthat...句式。③attackvt.袭击，攻击；抨击；非难；侵袭，损害④humanbeing人类⑤because...Jaws是because引导的原因状语从句。⑥jaw/dʒɔː/n.颌⑦howeveradv.然而，可是⑧twoother另外两个，other与数词连用时，应放在数词的后面；而another与数词连用时，应放在数词的前面。⑨bull/bʊl/n.公牛eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))contrary/'kɒntrərI/adj.相反的n．相反的事实或情况contraryto与……相反⑪what引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语。⑫assumevt.假定，设想⑬evidencen．证据，证明；迹象⑭mistake...for...把……误认为……⑮flesh/fleʃ/n.(动物或人的)肉⑯giveup放弃⑰ifyou...是宾语从句。tobeeaten是动词不定式的被动形式。⑱ifitthinksyouare是条件状语从句。⑲resultin导致，结果是resultfrom起因于鲨鱼攻击[以上部分译文](世界上)有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：虎鲨和牛鲨。和许多人可能会认为的正好相反，有证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。一般情形中鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过来，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。Toreducetherisk⑳ofasharkattack,youshouldfolloweq\o(○,\s\up1(21))thesesuggestionseq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).·Donotswiminthedark.Sharkscanstillseeyoubutyoucannotseethem.·Donotgoswimmingintheoceaneq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ifyouhaveafresheq\o(○,\s\up1(24))woundeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Sharkscansmellbloodoveralongdistanceeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).·Donotwearbrightclothingorjewelleryeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，becausesharksareattractedeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))totheflashofcoloursandbrightobjects.·Stayingroups,eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))assharksusuallyavoideq\o(○,\s\up1(30))largenumbersofeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))people.Recently,sharkattackshavebeenincreasingeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))aswatersportsarebecomingmorepopulareq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).Ifasharkattacksyou,followtheadviceeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))below.·Keepcalmeq\o(○,\s\up1(35)).Donotpaniceq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).·Hitthesharkonthenoseeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))withyourfisteq\o(○,\s\up1(38)).·Stickyourfingerintheshark'seye.Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelyeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))tobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.⑳riskn．风险，危险eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))followvt.遵循eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))suggestionn．建议(为可数名词)eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ifyouhaveafreshwound是if引导的条件状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))freshadj.新鲜的；清新的，凉爽的eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))woundn．伤口，创伤vt.使受伤eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))distancen．距离eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))jewellery/'dʒuːəlrI/n.珠宝jeweln．[C]珠宝eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))attract/ə'trækt/vt.吸引eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))assharks...people是as引导的原因状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))avoidvt.避开，避免avoid后接v．­ing，不接todo。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))largenumbersof大量的，许多a(large)numberof与(large)numbersof仅修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))aswater...popular是as引导的时间状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))popularadj.受欢迎的，流行的，通俗的eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))advicen．建议(为不可数名词)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))calm/kɑːm/adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi.使平静eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))panic/'pænIk/vi.&n.惊慌，恐慌eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))hitsb.on/inthe＋身体部位，the不可以换成one's。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))fist/fIst/n.拳头eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))likely/'laIklI/adj.可能的[以上部分译文]为了降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险，你应该遵循这些建议：·不要在黑暗中游泳。鲨鱼仍然能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。·如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。·不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。·集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议：·保持冷静。别惊慌失措。·用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。·用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。Thewonderfulworldofpigeons①Itisnight.Allisquiet.Thesoldiers②areasleep③whileaguardwatchesfor④theenemy.Thereisaflash,andthesoundofguns!Theyarebeingattacked!Hundredsofenemysoldiersrushtowardsthem⑤.Theyareallgoingtobekilledunlesstheygethelp⑥.Whatshouldtheydo?Anofficerwritesashortmessagequicklyonasmallpieceofpaper：‘Beingattacked!Hurry！’Herollsup⑦thepaperandputsitinto⑧asmallcase,andthenreachesinto⑨acageandgetsabird.Attachingthemessageto⑩itsleg,hesetsthebirdloose⑪.Itimmediately⑫fliesintotheairanddisappearsinthedark.Willthebirdarriveintime⑬？Willtheybesaved？①pigeon/'pIdʒIn/n.鸽子②soldier/'səʊldʒə(r)/n.士兵③while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时”。④watchfor守候，注意⑤rushto/towardssb.向某人冲去⑥unlesstheygethelp是unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”。⑦rollup卷起来roll/rəʊl/vi.&vt.卷起来；(使)滚动⑧o...把……装入……⑨reachinto将手伸进……⑩attach...to...把……系在/附在……上⑪loose/luːs/adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的vt.松开，释放⑫immediatelyadv.立即conj.一……就……⑬intime及时ontime按时鸽子的奇妙世界[第1～4段译文]万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，枪声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办？一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开了鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebirdoftenseeninpublicparks⑭—thepigeon.Pigeonshaveawonderfulsenseofdirection⑮andcanfindtheirwayhomeoverlongdistances.Indeed⑯，pigeonshavebeenknowntoflyhomefromasfarawayas1,800kilometres.Thatiswhypigeonshavebeenusedsinceancienttimes⑰tocarrythenewsoreventhemail⑱.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse⑲.DuringbothWorldWarⅠandⅡ，pigeonswereemployed⑳byarmiestocarrymessagestoandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandevenhelpingwinsomeimportantvictorieseq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).Howdopigeonsfindtheirway?Pigeonsappeartohaveacompasseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))insidethemthattellsthemwhichwayisnortheq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Howthiscompassworkseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))remainseq\o(○,\s\up1(25))amystery.Ofcourse,sinceacompassaloneisnotenoughtofindeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))one'sway,theyalsoappeartousetheirsightandeventheirsenseofsmelltotelleq\o(○,\s\up1(27))themwhichwaytheyshouldgoeq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Unlikeeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))humans,theynevergetlosteq\o(○,\s\up1(30))andcanalwaysfindtheirwayhome.⑭though引导让步状语从句；theofficerusesisthe...parks是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰bird；seeninpublicparks是过去分词短语作后置定语。⑮asenseofdirection方向感⑯indeedadv.的确；确实⑰ancienttimes古代，上古时代⑱why引导表语从句，注意：在Thatiswhy...句型中why后接结果。⑲itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheir...是强调句型。⑳employ/Im'plɔI/vt.使用；雇用eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))saving...soldiers与helping...victories是现在分词短语作结果状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))compass/'kʌmpəs/n.罗盘；指南针eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))that...north是that引导的定语从句，修饰acompass;whichwayisnorth是which引导的宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))Howthiscompassworks是how引导的主语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))remainlink­v.仍然是，保持不变eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))be(not)enoughtodosth.(不)足够做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))tellvt.分辨出；辨别eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))whichwaytheyshouldgo是which引导的宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))unlike/ˌʌn'laIk/prep.不像；与……不同eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))getlost迷路[第5～6段译文],虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的——鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1800千米回到家。这就是鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件的原因。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。,鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘还不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉乃至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到回家的路。Step1Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Howmanytypesofsharkshaveattackedhumans?A．Nearly400types.B．About30types.C．Onlyonetype. D．Threetypes.2．Ifyouaregoingtoswiminthesea,________.A．you'dbetterstaywithothersB．youshouldwearbright­coloredswimmingsuitsC．youmustcarryastickwithyouD．you'dbettermakeyourselfnotfittobeeaten3．Whichonedoesn'tbelongtothethreetypesofsharkattacks?A．Thesharkmistakesyouforafish.B．Thesharkfindsoutyouarefittobeeatenandbitesyou.C．Thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimbyandattacksyousuddenly.D．Thesharkattacksyouwhenittasteshumanflesh.4．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A．people'sscarestosharksmainlycomefromthemovie“Jaws”B．morepeopledieofdrowningorlightningC．knowingthewayssharksattackpeopleandthewaystosaveoneselfcanpreventtheattackstotallyD．theattackeventsfromthesharksarethemaintopicsofthepassage5．Whyhavesharkattacksbeenincreasingrecently?A．Becausemorepeoplelikewearingbrightclothingorjewellery.B．Becausefewerpeoplearetryingandstayingingroups.C．Becauseyoucan'tseethesharkinthedarkwhileitcanseeyou.D．Becausewatersportsarebecomingmorepopular.答案：1～5BADBDStep2Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.SharkattacksAboutsharks•Nearly400typesofsharks.•About30typesarereportedtohaveattackedhumans.•Threetypesof1.dangeroussharks:thegreatwhiteshark,thetigersharkandthebullshark.Threetypesofsharkattacks•Theshark2.mistakesyouforafishandattacksyou,butwhenittasteshumanflesh,itgivesup.•Theshark3.bitesyouifitthinksyouarefittobeeaten.•Thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyouallofa4.sudden.5.Advice/Suggestionsonhowtoreducetheriskofasharkattack•Don'tswiminthe6.dark/darkness.•Don'tswimintheoceanifyouhaveafresh7.wound.•Don'twearbrightclothingorjewellery.•Stayingroups.Whattodoifasharkattackhappens•Keepcalm.Don'tgetintoa8.panic.•Hitthesharkonthenosewithyourfist.•9.Stickyourfingerintheshark'seye.10.ChancesofbeingattackedbyasharkYouare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1．contraryadj.相反的n.相反的事实或情况2．calmadj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的v.镇静，使平静3．panicvi.&n.惊慌，恐慌4．rollv.卷起来；(使)滚动5．looseadj.松动的，松开的；宽松的vt.松开，释放6．compassn.罗盘；指南针7．unlikeprep.不像；与……不同Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．attractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引，吸引力，吸引物→attractiveadj.有吸引力的2．likelyadj.可能的→unlikelyadj.不可能的3．employvt.使用；雇用→employmentn．雇用→employeen．雇工，雇员→employern．雇主1.“静”观其变①calm平静的，镇静的②quiet寂静的，安静的③peaceful平静的，和平的④cool冷静的⑤still静止不动的2．巧记以“­oose”结尾的单词①后院一群goose鹅②一个一个choose挑选③把头塞进noose绳套④结果绳索loose松弛的3．语境巧记employ派生词TheemployerdecidedtoemployTomashersecretaryandshehopedtohaveatalkwithheremployeesabouthisemploymentbeforehecametowork.雇主决定雇用汤姆做她的秘书，她希望在他来上班之前和她的雇员们谈一下关于他的雇用。二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.contraryto与……相反2．differenttypesof不同类型的3．mistake...for...把……误认为……4．befitto_do适合做5．followtheadvice采纳建议6．resultin导致7．watchfor观察等待(某人出现或发生某事)8．rollup卷起来1.humanbeings人类，人2．toreducetherisk为了减少风险3．overalongdistance从很远处4．watersports水上运动5．ashortmessage一条短消息/短信6．setthebirdloose把鸟放飞7．inpublicparks在公园8．sinceancienttimes自从古代起三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Don'tbefrightenedbysharks：youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。“30timesmore...than”是“倍数＋比较级”的用法。Soundtravelsmorethanfour_times_fasterinwaterthaninair.声音在水中传播的速度是在空气中传播速度的4倍多。2.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。“itwas...that...”是强调句型。It_was_in_Asia_thattheworld'sgreatestcultureshadtheirbirth.世界上最伟大的文化都起源于亚洲。3.Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebirdoftenseeninpublicparks—thepigeon.虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的——鸽子。though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。Though_I_know_Mum_is_the_most_important_personinmyworld,Ijustcan'tdowhatshelikesmetodo.(2013·重庆高考书面表达)尽管我知道妈妈是我生命中最重要的人，可是我还是不能做她想让我做的事情。1．(教材P18)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplemightassume,evidenceshowsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.与许多人可能会认为的正好相反，有证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。contraryadj.相反的n.相反的事实或情况becontraryto与……相反tothecontrary相反onthecontrary与此相反；恰恰相反①Whathetoldmewasthecontraryofwhatyoutoldme.他告诉我的和你告诉我的正好相反。②Thegameendedinavictoryfortheirschool,whichwasquitecontrarytoprediction.比赛以他们学校的胜利而告终，这与当初的预测大相径庭。③IshallcontinuetobelieveituntilIgetproofto_the_contrary.在我未得到相反的证据之前，我会继续相信它。④Thismeetingisnotasuccess;on_the_contrary,_itisatotalfailure.这个会议开得并不成功，相反，是完全失败的。2．(教材P18)Donotwearbrightclothingorjewellery,becausesharksareattractedtotheflashofcoloursandbrightobjects.不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。attractvt.吸引(1)attractsb.tosth.吸引某人关注某事attractsb.'sattention/attracttheattentionofsb.吸引某人的注意(2)attractiveadj.漂亮的，悦耳的，诱人的attractionn.吸引，吸引力，有吸引力的事物①Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,tryadvertisinginthelocalpaper.如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试着在当地报纸登广告。②Thebrightlightsandnoisymusicattracted_the_children_tothehall.明亮的灯光和喧闹的音乐把孩子们吸引到了大厅。③Icametotheseaandagoldenbeachattracted_my_attention/attractedtheattentionofme.我来到大海边，那一片金黄的沙滩吸引了我的注意。④Veniceisoneofthegreattouristattractionsoftheworld.威尼斯是世界上最令人向往的旅游胜地之一。3．(教材P18)Keepcalm.保持镇静。calmadj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi.使平静，镇静(1)keep/remain/staycalm保持冷静(2)calmdown(使)平静下来，(使)镇静下来calmsb./oneselfdown使某人/自己平静下来(3)calmlyadv.安静地；平静地；冷静地calmnessn.安静；冷静；沉着①Firstofall,trytokeepcalmattheinterview.首先，面试时要保持镇静。②Calm_down;_there'snothingtoworryabout.冷静点儿，没有什么好担心的。③Thetelevisionannouncerreadthenewscalmly.电视播音员平静地念了这则新闻。[辨析比较]calm,still,quiet,silentcalm“平静的，沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动still“静止的，不动的”，指没有运动或动作的状态quiet“宁静的，安静的”，指没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑silent“寂静的，沉默的，不发声的”，指没有声音或不讲话选用上述单词填空Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeep④calm;_whentakenphotosof,oneshouldkeep⑤still;_whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeep⑥quiet;_wheninclass,oneshouldn'tkeep⑦silentabouttheteacher'squestions.面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。4．(教材P18)Donotpanic.别惊慌失措。panicvi.&n.惊慌，恐慌vt.(使)恐慌(1)panicodoingsth.使某人仓促行动panicover/about/at...因……而恐慌(2)in(a)panic惊恐地；惊慌地getintoapanic陷入惊(恐)慌oapanic使……恐慌①Therewasapanicwhenthebuildingcaughtfire.大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。②Hepanickedandranasfastashecouldtosafety.他很惊慌，尽快跑到了安全地方。③Theprotestsbecamemoreviolentandmanypeoplewere_panicked_intoleavingthecountry.抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家。④Shegot_into_a_panicwhenshethoughtshe'dforgottenthepassport.当她想起忘了带通行证时，顿时惊慌起来。[名师点津]panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked，现在分词是panicking。5．(教材P18)Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。likelyadj.可能的adv.很可能，大概Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.某人/物可能做某事Itbelikelythat...可能……notlikely绝不可能①Themostlikelyexplanationisthathisplanewasdelayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。②Itisraininghard.Theyverylikelywon'tcome.雨下得很大。他们很可能不会来了。③It_is_very_likely_thathewillnotagreetoourplan.他很可能不会同意我们的计划。[辨析比较]likely,possible,probablelikely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sth./Sb.islikelytodosth.;It'slikelythat...possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.;Ibable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：Itisprobablethat...likely,possible和probable三者均表示“可能的”，可能性由大到小依次为：选用上述单词填空④Itispossiblethatitwillrain,butwithsuchablueskyitdoesn'tseemprobable.Inthatcase,wearelikelytogoclimbingthisafternoon.6．(教材P19)Herollsupthepaperandputsitintoasmallcase,andthenreachesintoacageandgetsabird.他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。rollup卷起来；到达；(转动把手)关闭rollover从(边上)滚下；(使)翻滚rollsth.down摇开，旋开rollin大量涌入；滚滚而来①Sherolleduphersleevesandbegantopreparesupper.她卷起袖子开始准备晚餐。②Billfinallyrolled_uptwohourslate.比尔终于来了，迟到了两个小时。③Laterthemanrolled_overonhisbackandslept.后来，这个人翻了一个身，仰面睡着了。④Thewavesrolledintothebeach.海浪滚滚而来，涌向海滩。[名师点津]识记下列“v.＋up”短语：①giveup放弃②takeup从事；拿起；继续③makeup组成，构成④turnup出现，到场⑤pickup搭起；收听；无意中学会⑥setup建立；成立⑦putup建造；张贴⑧sendup发射7．(教材P19)DuringbothWorldWarⅠandⅡ，pigeonswereemployedbyarmiestocarrymessagestoandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandevenhelpingwinsomeimportantvictories.在一战和二战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。employvt.使用；雇用；利用(1)employsb.as...雇某人担任……employsb.todosth.雇某人做某事employoneselfindoingsth./onsth.从事于/忙于(做)某事(2)employeen.雇员，雇工employern.雇主，老板employmentn.雇用；受雇①Thesedrugswerecustomarilyemployedtotreatthedisease.以前这些药通常用来治疗这种疾病。②Maryis_employed_asasalesgirlinashop.玛丽受雇于一家商店做销售员。③Insteadofwastingtime,sheemployed_herself_in_reading.她专心致志地看书，不白白浪费时间。[语境串记]Ifyouareemployedbyacompany,youareanemployee.如果你被一家公司雇用，你就是一名雇员。[名师点津]类似于“employ(雇用)→employee(雇工)→employer(雇主)”的英语单词还有：①interview→interviewee→interviewer面试面试者面试官②train→trainee→trainer训练受训者训练员③examine→examinee→examiner检查受检查者检查员eq\a\vs4\al([词汇对点训])单项填空1．HethinksIhavespokenillofhim；________，I'malwaysspeakingwellofhim.A．thatistosayB．what'smoreC．tothecontrary D．onthecontrary解析：选D句意：他以为我说过他的坏话，恰恰相反，我总是称赞他。tothecontrary“相反的”；onthecontrary“与此相反”。2．Thecompanyisstartinganewadvertisingcampaignto________newcustomerstoitsstores.A．join B．attractC．award D．attack解析：选B句意：这家公司发起了新一轮广告战役来吸引新的顾客到其商店来。attract“吸引”，符合题意。join“加入，连接”；award“奖励”；attack“攻击”。3．Theshoppersescaped________fromthestorewhenthefirebrokeout.A．insurprise B．insilenceC．inpanic D．inawhisper解析：选C句意：当火灾发生时，顾客们惊慌失措地从店里逃出来。insurprise“吃惊地”；insilence“沉默地”；inpanic“惊慌地”；inawhisper“低声说”。4．________histrousers,heworkedwiththeothersinthefield.A．Rollingup B．RollingdownC．Rollingaway D．Rollingover解析：选A句意：他卷起裤腿和其他人一起在地里干活。rollup“卷起”，符合句意。rolldown“摇开，旋开”；rollaway“绵延起伏”；rollover“翻滚”。5．Itissaidthatshe________inacomputercompanysincegraduation.A．hasemployed B．hasbeenemployedC．hademployed D．isemployed解析：选B句意：据说她毕业以后就受雇于一家电脑公司。employ“雇用”，和主语构成被动关系；又根据sincegraduation可知时态应该选用完成时。6．—MyGod,I'mgettinglateagain.Mybosswillbeangry.—Trytokeep________，andwe'llthinkofagoodexcuse.A．stillB．calmC．quiet D．alive解析：选B句意：“天啊！我又要迟到了。老板会生气的。”“尽量镇静下来，我们会想出一个好的理由。”calm“镇静的”，与语境相符。still“静止的，不动的”；quiet“安静的”；alive“活着的”。7．Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore________tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.A．likely B．possibleC．probable D．sure解析：选A句意：研究表明如果长期坐在电脑前人常常患有背部疾病。belikelytodosth.意为“有可能做某事”。B、C两项作表语时，主语一般是物或用it作形式主语；D项不合题意。1．Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。句中30timesmorelikely...是倍数表达法的具体运用。常见的倍数表达方式有：(1)．..倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than...(2)．..倍数＋what从句...(3)．..倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...(4)．..倍数＋asmany/much＋n.＋as...(5)．..倍数＋thesize/length/width/height/depth/weight等＋of...①Industrialpriceshaverisenthreetimesmorequicklythanagriculturalones.工业产品在价格增长的速度上是农业产品的三倍。②Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。③Ournewschoolisfour_times_as_big_astheoldone.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。④Wehadthreetimesasmanypeopleasweexpected.来的人是我们预料人数的三倍。⑤Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。2．However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。本句中itwas...that...是一个强调句型，此句强调了地点状语inwar。强调句型的常用形式：(1)陈述句形式：Itis/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分(2)一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分？(3)特殊疑问形式：特殊疑问词＋is/wasitthat＋其他成分？(4)notuntil强调句式：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他成分①Itisinthehallthattheyhavehadameeting.他们是在礼堂举行了会议。②It_waslastsummerthatIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。③Was_it_yesterday_thattheyattendedalectureabouttheenvironmentalprotection?是在昨天他们听了一个关于环保的报告吗？④Whatisitthatcausesthechangeinseasons?是什么造成的季节的变化？⑤It_was_not_untilyesterdaythatIlearnedit.直到昨天我才听说这件事。[名师点津]“it's...that...”强调句型：(1)不用于强调谓语动词；(2)强调主语且指人时that可换成who；(3)去掉“it's”“that/who”后句子结构仍完整。eq\a\vs4\al([句型对点训])完成句子1．这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本的5倍。Thisdictionaryisfive_times_as_thick_as_the_oneyouborrowedfromthelibrary.2．在学生中引起极大的兴趣的正是这位著名作家以及他的作品。It_is_the_famous_writer_and_his_works_thathavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.3．尽管我们过着更好的生活，但是我们的健康现在正变得糟糕。Though_we_lead_a_better_life,_ourhealthisbecomingworsenow.4．据报道美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesusestwice_as_much_energy_asthewholeofEurope.5．史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？(四川高考)Was_it_because_Jack_came_late_for_school_thatMr.Smithgotangry?Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Contrary(相反的)totheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.2.TheprofessorbeganthelecturewithaninterestingEnglishstory,whichattracted(吸引)theattentionofallthestudentsatonce.3.Self­reflectionmeansslowingdownandcalming(使镇静)yourself.4．Inaddition,wearemorelikely(可能的)tomakenewfriendsonourjourney.5．Hewasinagreatpanic(恐慌)whenhesawmanypeoplepickingupthemoney.6．Thesnowisveryloose(松散的)andthereisalotofairinit.7．Manygraduatesareemployed(雇用)intheelectronicsandcomputingindustries.8．Unlike(不像)hisbrother,hehasagoodsenseofhumor.Ⅱ.选词填空onthecontrary，rollup，watchfor，resultin，keepcalm，inapanic，belikelyto，employ...as...1.Facedwithdanger,thepolicemankept_calm.2.ItwashalfpasteightwhenSimpsonatlastrolled_up.3．Beingdevotedtohisworkresulted_inhisgreatsuccess.4．Hefledin_a_panicwhenheheardthatthepolicewerecoming.5．Ifyoudon'ttrustme,whydoyouemploymeasyoursecretary?6．Friendshipis_likely_tobeformedwhenyouhelpandlearnfromeachother.7．It'snotroubleatall;on_the_contrary,_itwillbeagreatpleasuretohelpyou.8．Parentsshouldalwayswatch_forsignsofdepressionintheirchildren.一、打牢语言基础，基稳才能楼高[单元语言点综合练习]Ⅰ.单项填空1．—Whichteamis________towinthegame?—Inmyopinion,itis________forourteamtowin.A．probable;likelyB．possible;probableC．possible;likely D．likely;possible解析：选D句意：“哪个队有可能赢得比赛？”“我认为我们队有可能赢。”belikelytodosth.“可能做某事”；Itispossibleforsb.todosth.“某人可能做某事”，为常用句型。2．IhadbeenhuntingforajobeverywhereuntilIwas________bytheWWF,whichIwassatisfiedwith.A．placed B．guidedC．informed D．employed解析：选D句意：我一直在找工作，直到被世界自然基金会雇用，我很满意这个工作。employ“雇用”，符合题意。place“安排；放置”；guide“操纵；带领，引导”；inform“通知”。3．Emergencylineoperatorsmustalwayskeep________andmakesurethattheygetalltheinformationtheyneed.A．calm B．silentC．still D．quiet解析：选A句意：紧急情况接线员必须总是保持镇静并且确保他们得到所需要的所有信息。keepcalm“保持镇静”，符合题意。keepsilent“保持沉默”；keepstill“保持不动”；keepquiet“保持安静”。4．Onsteppingoffthetrain,Isawgreenpasturesrolling________intothedistance.A．around B．overC．away D．up解析：选C句意：一下火车，我就看到绿油油的牧场绵延起伏，伸向远方。rollaway“绵延起伏”，符合句意。rollaround“循环，周而复始”；rollover“翻滚”；rollup“卷起来”。5．Wetrustyou;onlyyoucan________himtogiveupsmoking.A．suggest B．attractC．advise D．persuade解析：选D句意：我们相信你，只有你才能说服他戒烟。suggest“建议”，其后不跟动词不定式；attract“吸引”；advise“劝告”；persuade“劝服，说服”。故D项符合语法和句意。6．Aswehaveknownfromthemapoftheworld,thisis________.A．twiceaslargeanislandasthatB．twiceaslargerasthatislandC．astwiceasthatoneD．twiceasalargeislandasthat解析：选A“倍数＋as＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as...”为倍数的表达方式之一。7．Heseemstobegivingtheimpressionthathedidn'tenjoyhimselfinParis.________，hehadawonderfultime.A．Aboveall B．What'smoreC．Asaresult D．Onthecontrary解析：选D句意：他给大家的印象好像是他在巴黎过得不愉快。相反，他玩得很高兴。onthecontrary“正好相反”，符合题意。aboveall“首先，最重要的是”；what'smore“而且”；asaresult“结果”。8．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently________Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．so B．asC．then D．that解析：选D句意：我最近重读他的诗歌时才开始领略到它们的美。此句是强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语从句onlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently。9．Thousandsofforeignerswere________totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.A．attended B．attainedC．attracted D．attached解析：选C句意：上海世博会开幕那天，成千上万的外宾被吸引到那里。attend“参加”；attain“获得”；attract“吸引”；attach“贴上，使附属”。根据句意可知选C项。10．“Tommy,run！Bequick！Thehouseisonfire！”themothershouted,with________clearlyinhervoice.A．angerB．rudenessC．regret D．panic解析：选D句意：“汤米，快跑！快点儿！房屋失火了！”妈妈叫喊着，声音里明显带着恐慌。anger“怒火，怒气”；rudeness“粗鲁”；regret“懊悔，遗憾”；panic“恐慌”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．一回到教室，他就忙于做起他的作业来。Once_back_in_the_classroom,_heburiedhimselfinhishomework.2．我现在太累了，什么也不能想了。I'mtoo_tired_to_think_ofanythingnow.3．他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。Whenheawoke,hefound_himself_being_looked_afterbyanoldwoman.4．采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。(同位语从句)Thesuggestionthat_the_new_rule_be_adopted_camefromthechairman.5．他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。Hehasmade_such_great_progress_thattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.6.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。Thishallisfive_times_bigger_thanourclassroom.二、勤练语篇阅读，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Oneday,whenIwasinhighschool,IsawakidnamedKylefrommyclasswalkinghomefromschoolwithallhisbooks,Ithoughttomyself,“__1__wouldanyonebringhomeallhisbooksfortheweekend?Hemustreallybe__2__.”AsIwaswalking,Isawseveralkidsrunningtowardhim.Theyranathim,__3__allhisbooksoutofhisarmsandhefelldowninthedirt,hisglasseswent__4__andlandedinthegrass.My__5__wentouttohim.So,Iranovertohim.__6__Ihandedhimhisglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,“Hey,thanks！”Ihelpedhimpickuphisbooks,andaskedhimwherehelived.Asit__7__，helivednearme.Wetalkedallthewayhome.Overthenextfouryears,KyleandIbecamebestfriends.Kylewasthe__8__studentofourclass,oneofthoseguysthatreallyfoundthemselvesduringhighschool.Thereforehehadthe__9__topreparea__10__speech.Onthegraduationday,Icouldseethathewas__11__.So,Ipattedhimonthebackandsaid,“Hey,bigguy,you'llbe__12__！”Helookedatmeandsmiled.Heclearedhisthroat,andbegan.“Graduationisatimeto__13__thosewhohelpedyoumakeitthroughthose__14__years.Yourparents,yourteachers.Butmostlyyourfriends,Iamheretotellallofyouthatbeingafriendtosomeoneisthebest__15__youcangivehim.”Ijustlookedatmyfriendwith__16__ashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.Hehadplannedto__17__himselfovertheweekendandwascarryinghisbookshome.“Thankfully,nothinghappened.Myfriend__18__mefromdoingtheunspeakable.”NotuntilthatmomentdidIrealizethatyoushouldneverunderestimate(低估)the__19__ofyouractions.Withonesmallgestureyoucan__20__aperson'slife.Forbetterorforworse.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。有时候你的一个小小的言行可能会影响别人一生，所以我们要学会善待别人。1．A.HowB．WhenC．Why D．Where解析：选C此处表达作者对Kyle过周末带这么多书回家的疑问，故选C“为什么”。2．A.stupid B．cleverC．wonderful D．anxious解析：选A根据上句可知，作者认为过周末带这么多书回家有点太蠢了，故选A“傻的，蠢的”。3．A.throwing B．knockingC．taking D．snatching解析：选B根据上下文语境可知，此处指这些孩子们跑过来撞掉了他的书，故选B。4．A.lost B．sendingC．broken D．flying解析：选D根据下文可知，此处强调的是动作而非结果或状态，flying与这句话中的landed相呼应