2019年英语新必修四讲义Unit2SectionⅢGrammar-动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

Section_ⅢGrammar—动词­ing形式作主语和宾语语法图解探究发现①Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah­jong,swimmingandreading.⑥Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary’sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.[我的发现](1)以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作动词宾语的是⑤；作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。(2)⑨句中为动名词的复合结构作主语。(3)⑩句中it作形式主语。概念：动词­ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词­ing形式的时态和语态：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词­ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。一、动词­ing形式作主语1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[名师点津](1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。Tolietoheriswrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。[即时演练1]补全句子①Playing_with_fireisdangerous.玩火危险。②Becareful！To_play_with_firewillbedangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。③Swimming_is_a_good_sportinsummer.夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等别人替你做决定是没有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Itisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingcomputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③(上海高考改编)It’snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.3．当句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词­ing形式作主语。Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。[即时演练3]翻译句子①不能说出他要做什么。There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.②和他不能开玩笑。There_is_no_joking_with_him.二、动词­ing形式作宾语1．作动词的宾语常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。[即时演练4](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2016·浙江高考改编)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdoworking(work)withstudents.②Ioftenpractiselistening(listen)andspeaking(speak)．③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing_punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.(2)补全句子①Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive_up_smoking.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。②Ihaveneverdreamed_of_visiting_that_place.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。③(陕西高考改编)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing_for_a_swim?今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？3．在有些动词的后面，如：start,begin,continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)[即时演练5]对比填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo_swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo停下来去做某事doing停止做某事Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。[即时演练6](1)单句语法填空①Imeanto_change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽高考改编)Irememberedto_lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto_turn(turn)offthelights.(2)补全句子①Iremember_to_mailtheletterbutforget_to_buythestamp.我记得要去寄信可忘了买邮票了。②Missingthetrainmeanswaiting_for_another_hour.误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。6．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。[即时演练7](1)一句多译①这个问题值得讨论。→The_question_deserved_discussing.→The_question_deserved_to_be_discussed.②这个窗户需要清扫了。→The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.→The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.(2)补全句子(湖南高考改编)We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,more_work_needs_doing/to_be_done(有很多工作要做)toachievethefinalsuccess.三、动词­ing形式的否定形式动词­ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你没有理由不去。Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。[即时演练8]补全句子①Excusemeformy_not_coming_on_time(我没能按时来)．②I’msorryfornot_having_kept_my_promise(没有遵守我的承诺)．四、动词­ing形式的复合结构动词­ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词­ing，即“sb./sb.’s＋doing”构成。动词­ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词­ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词­ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing②名词’s＋动词­ing③代词宾格＋动词­ing④名词＋动词­ingHercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？[名师点津](1)动词­ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？[即时演练9]用动词­ing形式的复合结构补全句子①His_father’s_being_illmadehimworried.他父亲病了，使他很担心。②Your_being_rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.你正确未必就意味着我错了。③WearelookingforwardtoJay_Chou’s/Jay_Chou_comingtogiveusaconcert.我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Wouldyoumindturning(turn)downyourradio?2．Thereisnousekeeping(keep)silentaboutsuchamatter.3．Hisnot_getting(notget)tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.4．Theteachertoldthestudentstostopwriting(write)andto_listen(listen)tohim.5．Hesucceededinpersuading(persuade)hertodothejob.6．Seeingthefunnyscene,Ican’thelplaughing(laugh)．7．Iregretto_tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.8．Thebookisworthreading(read)asecondtime.9．Wearelookingforwardtohearing(hear)fromMrLi.10．Thewindowshaven’tbeencleanedforalongtime.Theyneedcleaning/to_be_cleaned(clean)．Ⅱ.单句写作1．Iregret_to_tellyouthatyourmotherisbadlyill,butyouneedn’tregret_leavingheralone.很遗憾你母亲病得很重，但你不需要为留下她独自一人而后悔。2．Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting_up_more_rulestoprotectanimalrights.很多人都建议制定规则以保护动物权益。3．IftheTVshouldneed_repairing/to_be_repaired,_pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果这台电视需要修理的话，请尽快通知我。4．Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_accepting_the_decisionwithoutanyconsideration.很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。5．His_getting_up_late_in_the_morningmadehimlatefortheclass.他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。6．It’s_fun_spending_the_holidayatthebeach.在海边度假很有趣。7．Wearebusy(in)_preparing_for_the_coming_exam.我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。8．Tom’s_being_so_carelesscausedsomuchtrouble.汤姆这么粗心，惹来了不少麻烦。Ⅲ.语法填空Icrossedthestreettoavoid__1__(meet)him,but