2019年英语新外研必修四讲义Module6SectionⅢGrammar-情态动词＋havedone的用法

Section_ⅢGrammar—情态动词＋havedone的用法语法图解探究发现①ManypeoplethinkthemonstermaybeadistantcousinoftheLochNessmonsterinScotland.②Theyalsothinkthattheremightbesimilarcreaturesinotherlakesaroundtheworld.③ButinChina,theideaofthedragonmayhavecomefromthealligator.④Youmighthavegivenyourparentsmorehelpearlier.⑤Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasquitemuddy.⑥Hecan'thaveforgottenit,forhetalkedaboutityesterday.⑦Yououghtto/shouldhavedonethejobmorecarefully.⑧Yououghtn'tto/shouldn'thaveaskedsuchafoolishquestion.[我的发现](1)①②句表示可能性的推测，意为“可能，也许”。(2)③④句表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“可能已经”。(3)⑤句表示对过去事情的很有把握的肯定推测，意为“肯定做过某事”，而⑥句则表示对过去发生事情的有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。(4)⑦句表示“过去本应该做却未做的事”，⑧句则表示“过去本不该做却做了的事”。1．may/mighthavedonesth.表示对过去行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经做过某事”，might可能性更小，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。Johnisn'tathome.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetoschool.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。Youmighthavereadaboutitinthepapers.你可能已经在报纸上看到这个消息了。[名师点津]mighthavedone有时表示“本来可以做的事而实际上没有做”，含有“劝告，责备”的语气。Youmighthavebeenmorecareful.你本来可以多加小心的。2．musthavedonesth.表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。Hereasonedthatsinceshehadnotansweredhislettershemusthavelefthere.他推断，由于她没有给他回信，她一定是已经离开这里了。[名师点津]含有musthavedone结构的反意疑问句中，若有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分用“didn't＋主语？”；若没有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分则用“haven't/hasn't＋主语？”。Theymusthavegonetherelastnight,didn'tthey?他们昨晚一定是去那里了，不是吗？TheymusthavebeentotheGreatWall,haven'tthey?他们一定去过长城，不是吗？3．can/couldhavedonesth.是对过去的推测，表示“可能做过某事”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。could语气较委婉，肯定句中一般用could不用can。MrSmithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。—Wherecantheyhavegone?—Theycouldhavegonetothecinema.——他们能去哪里呢？——他们可能去电影院了。[名师点津]couldhavedonesth.还可表示过去本可以完成而实际上未完成的动作。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouweretoocareless.你本来可以做得更好，但你太粗心了。[即时演练1](1)用适当的情态动词填空①(2016·浙江高考)Georgecan'thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.②—WeareveryworriedaboutTom.Whyhasn'thecomeback?—Don'tworry.Hemay/mighthavebeencaughtinatrafficjam.③—Howdidyoudointhetest?—Notsowell.IcouldhavedonemuchbetterbutImisreadthedirections.④Thestreetsarewet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.(2)完成句子①你不可能买一辆这么昂贵的车。你肯定是从一个富朋友那里借的。Youcouldn't_have_boughtsuchanexpensivecar.Youmust_have_borroweditfromarichfriend.②我本来可以帮助你的，但那时我太忙了。Icould_have_helped_you,_butIwastoobusythen.③房间里的灯还亮着，所以他不可能出去了。Thelightinhisroomisstillon,sohecan't_have_gone_out.④我房间里的手机找不到了。有可能被我姐姐拿走了。Ican'tfindmymobilephoneinmyroom.Itmight/may_have_been_taken_awaybymyeldersister.4．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示过去本来应该做某事(而实际上并没有做)，意为“理应做……，本来应该做……”，常表示遗憾；oughtnotto/shouldn'thavedone表示“过去本来不应该做某事(而实际上做了)”，含有指责对方或自责的意味。Theflowershavedied.Ishouldhavewateredthemoften.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给它们浇水的。(其实没浇水，表示遗憾)Yououghtnottohavetoldthemthetruth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。(其实你告诉他们了，含有责备的意味)5．needn'thavedonesth.表示“本来不必做某事(实际上已经做了)”；needhavedonesth.表示“本来需要做某事(实际上未做)”Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站。那样的话，他就不会误了火车。6．wouldhavedonesth.表示“原本想做某事”；也可以用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。Iwouldhavegivenyouthebookyesterday，butIdidn'tcoveritcompletely.我原本想昨天给你那本书的，可是我没能全部读完。Itwouldneverhavehappenedwithoutyourhelp.要不是你的帮助，这绝不会发生。[即时演练2](1)用适当的情态动词填空①(2015·天津高考)Ineedn'thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.②(2015·福建高考)—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.③Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,ortheywouldhavecometoourhelp.④Youweresick,soyouneedn'thaveattendedthemeeting.(2)完成句子①孩子们一定在树林里迷路了；否则，他们就会按照计划到达湖边的营地了。Thechildrenmust_have_got_lostinthewoods;otherwise,theywould_have_beenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.②昨天晚上我本来该做作业的，但我去看电影了。Ishould/ought_to_have_done_my_homeworklastnight，butIwenttothecinema.③还有很多时间，她没必要如此匆忙。Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn't_have_hurried.④你的眼睛红红的，昨天晚上你一定睡得很晚。Youmust_have_gone_to_bed_latelastnight.Youreyesarered.Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空1．Hecould/mighthavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.2．Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.3．MrWhiteshouldhavearrivedat8：30a．m.forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.4．Youneedn'thavewokenmeup;Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.5．Nobodyansweredthedoorbell;hemusthavegoneout.6．—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youmighthaveputitinthewrongplace.7．Youshouldn'thaveblamedtheboyjustnow;afterall,heisonlyachild.8．Youought_to/shouldhavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.9．Icouldhavearrivedhereontime,butmycarbrokedownontheway.10．Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,forheisplayingfootballnow.Ⅱ.单句写作1．(2015·广东高考标准范文)“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻”这句谚语有可能会很好地描述这一情形。“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy”may_have_well_described_the_situation.2．Harry感觉不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝得太多了。Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemust_have_drunk_too_muchatthepartylastnight.3．迈克一定没有找回他的车，因为早上他是乘公共汽车来上班的。Mike_can't_have_found_his_car,_forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.4．你当时本没必要再告诉他们了。我已经告诉他们了。You_needn't_have_told_them_again.Ihadtoldthemalready.5．汤姆有可能在车祸中受了重伤，但我不是很确定。Tom_might/may_have_been_hurt_seriouslyinthecaraccident,butIwasnotsure.6．在我人生的那个阶段，我本可以做任何事的。Atthispointinmylife,Icould_have_done_anything.7．他本该早点到那个地方的。Heshould_have_come_totheplaceearlier.Ⅲ.短文改错Lastmonth,myclassmate,John,caughtbadcold.Thenewswhichhewasrunningahighfeverandordinarymedicinehadn'tworkedonhimimmediatereachedeverybo