夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响

夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响摘要：本文旨在探讨夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响。本研究采集的样本来自湖北省恩施市的旱地冬小麦田试验。采用不同夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理，实施田间定位试验，进行产量和土壤水分利用效果对比分析。结果表明，夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理使旱地冬小麦产量明显增加，土壤水分利用指数增加18.54-21.38%；覆盖处理的相对值显著高于施肥单独施用的情况，但相比而言，施肥作用有优势；另外，土壤水分利用效果受施肥组合和覆盖处理影响更大。因此，要更好地利用土壤水分，在旱地冬小麦种植中，可以通过正确配比的夏闲期施肥组合和覆盖处理来提高产量。

Introduction:

Climatechangehasasignificantimpactoncropproduction.Itisestimatedthattheglobalaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise,resultinginincreasingdroughtstressandwaterscarcityinthefuture.Inordertocopewithsuchchanges,itisnecessarytostrengthenthestudyofsoilwateruseefficiencyandincreasegrainyieldindrylandwinterwheat.Therefore,thisstudyfocusesontheeffectsofsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatmentonyieldandsoilwateruseofdrylandwinterwheat.

MaterialsandMethods:

TheexperimentwasconductedatawinterwheatfieldinEnshiCity,HubeiProvince.Differentcombinationsofsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatmentswereused.Therewerefourtreatments:CK(withoutfertilizationandnocover);N(withfertilizationandnocover);NP(withfertilizationandwithcover);P(withoutfertilizationbutwithcover).Theyieldandsoilwateruseefficiencyofthewheatfieldweremeasuredandcompared.

ResultsandDiscussions:

Resultsshowedthatthecombinationoffertilizerapplicationandcovertreatmentsignificantlyincreasedtheyieldsofwinterwheatindryland.Thesoilwateruseefficiencyindexincreasedby18.54-21.38%.Therelativevaluesofthecovertreatmentweresignificantlyhigherthanthatofthesinglefertilizerapplication,butcomparedwithfertilizertreatment,theformerhadanadvantage.Furthermore,theeffectofsoilwaterutilizationwasaffectedmorebythecombinationoffertilizationandcovertreatment.

Conclusion:

Overall,thefindingsofthisstudysuggestedthatproperratiosofsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatmentcouldimproveyieldsindrylandwinterwheat.Tobetterutilizesoilwater,usingtherightcombinationofsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatmentcouldimproveyields.Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetocarryoutsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatmentinordertoincreasethesoilwateruseefficiencyandgrainyieldofwinterwheatindryregions.Toimprovetheeffectsofsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatments,itisimportanttoselecttherightratiooffertilizersandcovermaterialssothatthesoilcanabsorbwatermorequicklyandefficiently.Itisalsonecessarytoimprovethesoilstructurebyapplyingmoreorganicfertilizersandconductingtillageproperly.Atthesametime,itisimportanttodevelopmorewater-efficientvarietiesofwinterwheatthathavehigherdroughtresistanceandbetterwateruseefficiency.Withappropriatemeasuresandtechnologies,wecaneffectivelyreducethenegativeimpactsofclimatechangeandwaterscarcityonwinterwheatproduction.Inaddition,farmersshouldalsobeencouragedtoimplementproperirrigationstrategiesandmodernirrigationtechnologiestoincreasewateruseefficiencyinwinterwheatproduction.Water-savingirrigationsystemscanbeusedtoreducewaterlossesandimprovecropproductivitythroughbetterwatermanagement.Farmersshouldalsotakeadvantageofmeteorologicalinformationsuchassoilmoisture,temperature,andrainfall,toadjusttheirplantingandirrigationmethodsaccordingly.Itisalsoimportanttopayattentiontotheeffectsofweedsandpestsonwinterwheatproduction,andtakeappropriatepestcontrolmeasureswhenneeded.Allthesemeasurescanhelptoensurethesustainabilityofwinterwheatproductioninthefaceofchangingclimaticconditionsandwaterscarcity.Finally,itisimportantforfarmerstoseekadvicefromagriculturalexpertsandlocalgovernmenttohelpthemmakeinformeddecisionsabouttheirsummerfallowfertilizationandcovertreatments.Inaddition,investmentinagriculturalresearchisnecessarytohelpfarmersunderstandthebestpracticesforincreasingwateruseefficiencyandimprovinggrainyieldsindrylandwinterwheatproduction.Theseresultscanthenbeusedbyfarmerstomakebetterdecisionsontheirfertilizationandcovertreatments.Bytakingsuchmeasures,wecanensurethatwinterwheatproductionremainssustainableandprofitableinthefaceofchangingclimaticconditionsandwaterscarcity.Agriculturalinstitutionsandresearchorganizationsshouldalsocontinuetodevelopnewandimprovedtechnologiesandtechniquesthatcanimprovewateruseefficiencyandenhancewinterwheatproductionindryclimates.Thesetechnologiesshouldtakeintoaccountthelocalclimaticandenvironmentalconditions,aswellasthespecificneedsandrequirementsofthefarmers.Inaddition,accesstoappropriateinformationandeducationisimportantforfarmerssothattheycanunderstandthebestpracticesforimprovingyieldsandwaterefficiencyinwinterwheatfarming.Withthehelpofexpertsandtherighttechnologies,drylandwinterwheatfarmingcanbemademoresustainableandproductiveforthebenefitoftheenvironmentandthefarmers.Toconclude,therearevariousmeasuresthatcanbetakentoensuresustainablewinterwheatproductioninthefaceofclimatechangeandwaterscarcity.Theseincludeimprovingsoilstructure,selectingdroughttolerantvarieties,properirrigationstrategies,controllingpestsandweeds,andseekingadvicefromexperts.Itisalsoimportanttoinvestinresearchanddevelopmentsothatfarmerscanaccessappropriateinformationandtechnologiestoincreasewateruseefficiencyandenhanceyields.Withtherightmeasuresandtechnologies,winterwheatproductioncanremainprofitableandsustainableinthefuture.Governments,researchorganizations,andagriculturalinstitutionsshouldcontinuetocollaboratetodevelopandimplementpoliciesandstrategiesthatwillhelpfarmersimprovewinterwheatproductionindryclimates.Thesecouldincludesubsidizingthecostsofmodernirrigationequipment,providingtrainingtofarmersonwater-savingtechniques,andimprovingaccesstometeorologicaldata.Additionally,governmentsshouldsupportresearchanddevelopmentinthefieldofwinterwheatproductiontoidentifystrategiesandtechnologiesthatcanincreasewateruseefficiencyandenhanceyields.Withtherightmeasuresinplace,wecanensurethelong-termsustainabilityofwinterwheatproductioninthefaceofclimatechangeandwaterscarcity.Finally,itisimportanttopromoteenvironmentalawarenessamongfarmerssothattheyareawareofthecrucialroletheyplayinconservingandpreservingwaterresources.Farmersshouldbeencouragedtoadoptsustainablepracticessuchasrainwaterharvesting,mulching,andlessintensiveirrigation,whichcanhelpreducewaterconsumptionandpreservewaterforfuturegenerationsofwinterwheatgrowers.By