汽车外文翻译驱动桥设计

word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑驱动桥设计随着汽车对安全、节能、环保的不断重视，汽车后桥作为整车的一个关键部件，其产品的质量对整车的安全使用及整车性能的影响是非常大的，因而对汽车后桥进行有效的优化设计计算是非常必要的。驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端，其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩,并将动力合理地分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直力力和横向力。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求：符合现代汽车设计的一般理论。外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙。合适的主减速比，以保证汽车的动力性和燃料经济性。在各种转速和载荷下具有高的传动效率。在保证足够的强度、刚度条件下，力求质量小，结构简单，加工工艺性好，制造容易，拆装，调整方便。与悬架导向机构运动协调，对于转向驱动桥，还应与转向机构运动协调。智能电子技术在汽车上得以推广使得汽车在安全行驶和其它功能更上一层楼。通过各种传感器实现自动驾驶。除些之外智能汽车装备有多种传感器能充分感知交通设施及环境的信息并能随时判断车辆及驾驶员是否处于危险之中，具备自主寻路、导航、避撞、不停车收费等功能。有效提高运输过程中的安全，减少驾驶员的操纵疲劳度，提高乘客的舒适度。当然蓄电池是电动汽车的关键，电动汽车用的蓄电池主要有：铅酸蓄电池、镍镉蓄电池、钠硫蓄电池、钠硫蓄电池、锂电池、锌—空气电池、飞轮电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池等。在诸多种电池中，燃料电池是迄今为止最有希望解决汽车能源短缺问题的动力源。燃料电池具有高效无污染的特性，不同于其他蓄电池，其不需要充电，只要外部不断地供给燃料，就能连续稳定地发电。燃料电池汽车(FCEV)具有可与内燃机汽车媲美的动力性能，在排放、燃油经济性方面明显优于内燃机车辆。另外，设计必须得考虑所选择材料的可加工性能。一种材料的可机加工性通常以四种因素的方式定义：1分的表面光洁性和表面完整性。2刀具的寿命。3切削力和功率的需求。4切屑控制。以这种方式，好的可机加工性指的是好的表面光洁性和完整性，长的刀具寿命，低的切削力和功率需求。关于切屑控制，细长的卷曲切屑，如果没有被切割成小片，以在切屑区变的混乱，缠在一起的方式能够严重的介入剪切工序。因为剪切工序的复杂属性，所以很难建立定量地释义材料的可机加工性的关系。在制造厂里，刀具寿命和表面粗糙度通常被认为是可机加工性中最重要的因素。尽管已不再大量的被使用，近乎准确的机加工率在以下的例子中能够被看到。通常，零件的可机加工性能是根据以下因素来定义的：表面粗糙度，刀具的寿命，切削力和功率的需求以及切屑的控制。材料的可机加工性能不仅取决于起内在特性和微观结构，而且也依赖于工艺参数的适当选择与控制。拖臂悬架结合起来的一种行为,semi-trailing-arm落后表现出轴。它是用来驱动的汽车前面。如果轴经验,它就像一卷悬垂态的手臂。扭转刚度的摩天大楼,这活象一个stabiliser酒吧。如果两个轮子的旅行经历相同的悬架(例如在球场的汽车)轴表现得像个拖臂悬架。梁式轴(Four-Link-Style)前面的一辆汽车后轴,不必有相同的高度为他们的卷中心。辊轴轴线上,这是经过辊子的中心——和后轴,看到前面的图。辊轴如果一个横向力的重心,导致层(fom)上面的重心轴的卷必须补偿片刻所致。由于一些弹簧悬辊。这一刻之间分配方面和后桥有赖于相对弹簧刚度的前面,与后轴,整体侧倾角(这是一样的,和后轴)取决于总和的悬架刚度(前加上后方)。传送到地面的瞬间,没有任何卷的整体车辆通过应用侧向力轴向前滚动的位置(在CG)。(注:如果滚动的轴,剩下的扭矩,CG必须补偿汽悬泉会像一辆摩托车内倾斜。这一幕的分布与后轴会,计算了分别计算各轴的位置,by-using相应的axle-using卷中心的一部分的事实,轮轴横向力所承受的一部分,与正常负荷、轮轴必须随身携带不同的例子不同的例子一个有限的特点,防滑差速器有点不同,不同的风格，一个自锁装置。这个Torsen®风格差异;(从扭矩遥感)行为非常快(并可能严厉的)。在较低的输入扭矩的差动齿轮只是轻轻负载和移动，自由敞开的装置。随着力矩和速度起落架网格，大米和两个输出轴锁在一起。扭矩比(high-torque-wheel除以low-torque-wheel)不等,2.5:1max。7:1,TorsenII的风格，从3:1来1.8:1(根据齿轮,齿轮表面处理的角度,类型的滚子轴承(平原,…)达纳Trac-Loc®limited-slip差的(见图)包含一些预紧通过弹簧离合器片、贝尔维尔)提供了一定的静态启动扭矩已经在零输入扭矩。蜘蛛齿轮,齿轮啮合侧设计那样(楔形齿),增加输入扭矩将增加的负担,提高离合器盘的锁轴。独立的粘性微分锁的扭矩,但反应速度与输出轴之间的差异。包括离合器片没有机械接触,但是很紧的间隙,使粘滞摩擦提供扭矩的转让。注意,粘稠的差距在很光滑,有一定的时间延迟,作为粘度增加与所产生的热量(指的是特殊的液体是合宜的齿厚)。这使得操作容易使用汽车(虽然可以街是太慢了有些应用)。DesignofdrivingaxleAsthecartosafety,energysaving,theconstantattentiontoenvironmentalprotevehicleaftervehiclebridgeasakeycomponent,thequalityoftheirproductsontheofcarsandcarperformanceofaverylarge,sothecarafterBridgeEffectivelyoptimdesignandcalculationisverynecessary.DriveBridgeattheendofpowertrain,itsbasicfunctionistoincreasecamefromtheshaftortransmissionoftorqueandpowerreasonablyallocatedtotheleftandrightdwheelandalsobearintheroleoftheroadandtrailersorBodyofpowerbetweentheandhorizontalforce.Drivefromthemainbridgegeneralreducer,differentialandthetransmissionanddriveaxlecomponents,suchasShell.Bridgedriveavehiclewithoneofthefourtrains,itsperformancewillhaveadirectvehicleperformance,anditisparticularlyimportantforthetruck.Drivebridgeshoudesignedtomeetthefollowingbasicrequirements:asuitablemainslowdownthantoensurethatthecarfromthebestpowerandfueleconomy.smallformfactortoensurethatthenecessarygroundclearance.transmissiongearsandotherpartsofasmooth,noise.invariousloadandspeedoftransmissionwithhighefficiency.toensureadequatestrength,stiffnessconditions,shouldstriveforthequalityofparticularthequalityofthespringaspossible,toimprovethecarride.suspensionandbody-orientedmovementcoordination,thedrivetothebridge,shouldbecoordinatedwiththecampaignsteeringmechanism.simplestructure,processingtechnologyandgood,easytomanufacture,enableseasyadjustment..Intelligentelectronictechnologyinthebustopromotesafedrivingandthattheothefunctions.Therealizationofautomaticdrivingthroughvarioussensors.Exceptsomescarsequippedwithmultipleoutsidesensorscanfullyperceptionofinformationandtrfacilitiesandtojudgewhetherthevehiclesanddriversindanger,hastheindependenpathfinding,navigation,avoidbump,noparkingfeesetc.Function.Effectivelyimprovsafetransportofmanipulation,reducethepilotfatigue,improvepassengercomfort.Obatteryelectricvehicleisthekey,theelectriccarbatterymainlyhas:theuseoflbatteries,nickelcadmiumbattery,thebattery,sodiumsulfidesodiumsulfidelithiumthebattery,thebattery,theflywheelzinc-airfuelcellandsolarbattery,thebatkindofcells,thefuelcellisbyfarthemostwanttosolvetheproblemofenergyshFuelcellshavehighpollutioncharacteristics,differentfromotherbattery,thebattnotonlyexternalconstantlysupplyoffuelandelectricitycancontinuouslysteadily.vehicles(FCEV)canbematchedwiththecarengineperformanceandfueleconomyandemissionintheaspectsofsuperiorinternal-combustionvehicles.Keyword:driveaxledifferentialbridgereducerBridgeshellThisisanANSYSoptimumdesignfordrivingaxlehousingofaoff-roadvehicle.Firstly,theauthorestablishedathree-dimensionalmodelofthedrivingaxle.Statesindifferentworkingconditionswereanalyzed.Furthermore,themaximumpressureofdraxlewasachieved.Andthen,thethree-dimensionalmodelwasimportedintoANSYS,withsomeothermanipulations,suchasmeshing,addingdegreeoffreedom,applyingsurfaceloads,etc.Statesofstressofdrivingaxlewerecalculatedwiththeresultsexported.Finally,thispapercarriedouttheoptimumdesignaccordingtothetargetofminimiziqualitativepropertiesandhomogenizingthedistributionofstresses.TheConfirmatoryanalysisshowedthatthisdesignmeasureduptotheengineeringrequiremeMACHINABILITYThemachinabilityofamaterialusuallydefinedintermsoffourfactors:Surfacefinishandintegrityofthemachinedpart;Toollifeobtained;Forceandpowerrequirements;4、Chipcontrol.Thus,goodmachinabilitygoodsurfacefinishandintegrity,longtoollife,andlAndpowerrequirements.Asforchipcontrol,longandthin(stringy)curedchips,ifbrokenup,canseverelyinterferewiththecuttingoperationbybecomingentangledincuttingzone.Becauseofthecomplexnatureofcuttingoperations,itisdifficulttoestablishrelationshipsthatquantitativelydefinethemachinabilityofamaterial.Inmanufactuplants,toollifeandsurfaceroughnessaregenerallyconsideredtobethemostimportfactorsinmachinability.Althoughnotusedmuchanymore,approximatemachinabilityratingsareavailableintheexamplebelow.SUMMARYAcombinationoftrailing-andsemi-trailing-armbehaviourshowsthefollowingaxis.Iusedforfrontdrivencarsonly.Iftheaxleexperiencesroll,itbehaveslikeasemi-Thetorsionalstiffnesscounteractstheroll,bythisactinglikeastabiliserbar.IfAcombinationoftrailing-andsemi-trailing-armbehaviourshowsthefollowingaxis.Iusedforfrontdrivencarsonly.Iftheaxleexperiencesroll,itbehaveslikeasemi-Thetorsionalstiffnesscounteractstheroll,bythisactinglikeastabiliserbar.Ifexperiencethesamesuspensiontravel(e.g.duringpitchofthecar)theaxlebehavestrailingarmsuspension.BeamTypeAxle(Four-Link-Style)Front-andrear-axleofacarneedn'thavethesamehightfortheirrollcenter.Theaxisisthataxis,thatgoesthroughtherollcenteroffront-andrear-axle,seefoldrawing:RollAxisIfalateralforceisappliedatthecenterofgravity,themomentresultingfomtthecenterofgravityabovetherollaxishastobecompensatedbyamomentcausedbytheThemomenttransmittedtothegroundwithoutanyrollfortheoverallvehicleisgtheappliedlateralforcetimestherollaxishight(atthepositionofCG).(Remark:rollaxisisabovetheCG,theremainingtorquethathastobecompensatedbythesuspensionspringswouldmakethecarleaninsidelikeamotorcycle!).Thedistributionofthismomentbetweenfront-andrear-axlecanbecalculatedbysuspensionspringswouldmakethecarleaninsidelikeamotorcycle!).Thedistributionofthismomentbetweenfront-andrear-axlecanbecalculatedbycalculatingeachaxleseperately,by-usingthepositionoftherollcenterofthecorraxle-usingthefactthatthepartoflateralforce,thattheaxlehastocarry,correspartofthenormalload,theaxlehastocarryDifferentialExamplesThecharacteristicsofalimitedslipdifferentialarealittlebitdifferentfordifferentstylesofaself-lockingdevice.TheTorsen®styledifferentials(fromTORqueSENsing)actveryfast(andpossiblyharsh).Underlowinputtorquethedifferentialgearsareonlylightlyloadedandmovefreelylikeanopendevice.Withincreasingtorque(andspeed)thegearmeshesareloadedupandthetwooutputshaftsarelockedtogether.Thetorqueratio(high-torquedividedbylow-torque-wheel)variesfrommax.7:1to2.5:1,fortheTorsenIIstylefrom3:1to1.8:1(dependingongearangles,gearsurfacetreatment,tfrom3:1to1.8:1(dependingongearangles,gearsurfacetreatment,type