毕业设计-手机壳注塑模具设计

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！手机壳注塑模具设计【摘要】在写论文期间，经过了一段时间对资料进行收集。充分的考虑了模具的各种结构，并和指导老师进行讨论，完成了对论文中要写的模具结构的选择。论文当中许多部分是我结合俩年所学的各方面的理论知识完成的，包括机械制图、机械基础、塑料成型模具设计模具材料等。【关键词】：注塑模具，模具设计,浇口,注射机II目录引言··········································································································1一、塑料模具的发展史及发展趋势·································································1（一）模具工业的概况············································································1（二）设计的任务和它的要求·································································2二、塑件的分析·························································································2（一）塑件的特性··················································································2（二）选择塑件材料及介绍······································································2（三）塑件的形状及其尺寸······································································3三、分型面的选择及型腔的确定·····································································4（一）分型面的选择原则·········································································4（二）分型面的设计···············································································4图2.1分型面························································································4（三）型腔数目的决定及排布···································································4四、浇注系统的设计·····················································································5（一）注射模具浇注系统的组成及其设计原则············································5（二）设计主流道················································································5（三）注射模具分流道的设计·································································7（四）浇口的设计··················································································7图2.6··································································································8（五）冷料穴和钩料脱模装置···································································8五、温度调节系统设计··················································································8（一）塑料注射模具的温度调节系统的重要性············································8（二）模具冷却系统的设计原则································································8（三）模具的冷却系统设计······································································8六、模具成型零件和模体的设计·····································································9（一）模具型腔的结构设计······································································9（二）注射模具型芯的结构设计································································9（三）注射模具成型零件的尺寸确定·························································9（四）成型零件的强度、刚度计算···························································10七、顶出机构的设计···················································································12（一）注射模具的顶出机构····································································12（二）设计原则···················································································12（三）零件的复位················································································12（四）推杆推出机构·············································································12八、排气槽设计·························································································13（一）导柱导向机构的作用····································································13（二）导柱导套的选择··········································································13十、注射机的参数校核················································································14（一）注射量的计算·············································································14（二）初步选择的机器型号····································································14（三）XS-ZY-125型注射机的主要参数·····················································14（四）塑件在分型面上的投影面积与锁模力校核········································15（五）开模行程校核·············································································15（六）模具安装尺寸校核·······································································15总结········································································································16参考文献·····························································································18致谢·····································································································19IV引言一、塑料模具的发展史及发展趋势（一）模具工业的概况品的工艺。早在二十世纪，在西方一些发达国家，就开始使用加热塑料的方法使塑料软化注入模具中形成工业塑料制品。并且随着塑料行业的蓬勃发展以及技术的不断革新，终于在八九十年代由香港台湾等地流入内地。1.海外的模具发展和它现在的水平在许多发达国家，模具行业因其技术含量高，劳动量小，而代替许多传统的工业行业，成为了其核心或重要工业产业。例如在日本这个国家模具行业的总产值已经远超过为普遍。单的制造工业，更需要强大的技术力量作为支持。而国外的加工工业以其高复杂性，高精度，高效率，高收益而闻名。其技术水平遥遥领先主要表现在这样几个方面：首先，计算机技术的普遍运用。这项技术的普遍运用极大的提高了设计水平，缩短了设计周期，提高了设计质量，使产品更能满足客户需要。其次，专业化程度和标准化程度高，正因如此，发达国家的整个行业的生产效率得以提高，技术水平更加先进。并且，CAD以及CAM以缩短，起到了质量提高和成本降低的作用。正是因为这些先进的技术的使用，提高了生产率，缩短了生产的时间，不仅提高了效益，还提高了产品的竞争率，所以我觉得我国应该快速的吸收这些技术，并且对其不好的地方加以修改，从而做到追上甚至赶超发达国家。1我国模具发展至今，已经有了五十多年，虽与发达国家有一定的差距，但也得到了长足的发展，虽然产品依然存在着合格率低，精度低，效率低，设计不合理等等问题，但仍具有良好的发展前景。而目前存在的这些问题也是将来我们在工作与实践中应该付诸行动努力解决的问题。在国内的一些高校，电脑技术的应用已经普及，这有利于我们提高劳动者的素质，提高行业的专业化程度与专业化水平。同时标准件的运用较过去更加广泛，提高了行业的专业化生产和标准化生产的程度，以及新兴的热流道技术也开始引入国内，更上了发达国家的步伐。总体来说，目前国内的技术水平与发达国家还只有通过不断的学习，运用，与创新，才能赶超发达国家。（二）设计的任务和它的要求可以承受巨大的冲击力，不容易被摔坏；好看，有光泽表面较光滑；不易被化学物质腐蚀。（二）选择塑件材料及介绍根据塑件的用途及其使用要求，我们选用的是ABS塑料。关于ABS的介绍：21.名称中文名：丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物2.基本特性1.02~1.05g/cm3,它的收缩率为0.3~0.8%ABS的吸湿性强成型前需要充分的干燥，要求含水量小于0.3%。流动性一般，溢料间隙约在0.04mm。ABS有良好的机械强有度，且一定的耐磨性、耐油性、耐性、耐水性、化学稳定性和电气性能。由ABS的性能可选择其塑件的精度等级为5级精度得到3D软件测量得塑件的质量为：W塑。3图分型面就是定模与动模的分界面而恰当的选择分型面也可以使塑件能完好的成形。（一）分型面的选择原则需求，同时模具应当便于加工制造，还得考虑成型面积和排气的影响。综合多方面因素体积为V塑，质量W塑，这个产品较小切大量生产，由生产率和成本等各种方面因素，先确定用一模四腔。详见下布局图：4图四、浇注系统的设计（一）注射模具浇注系统的组成及其设计原则起，到分流道的流道。主流道和浇口之间的流道是分流道，它位于分型面上方。浇口就是将分流道和型腔进行连接的一段短小的通道。冷却穴设置在主流道末尾处，从而来装冷却头。合理的对浇注系统进行布局是重大环节之一。（二）设计主流道主流道被设在中心地带，模腔内的塑料就以模具的中心进行平衡对称的布局。因为主流道和注射机不断地接触碰撞，主流道不开在定模板上，只是将它单独设置进入衬套中，其后就是将衬套镶嵌入模板之中，这里的衬套就是浇口套。（1）主流道设计的原理5图Sr要比喷嘴球面半径Sr大1mm到1.7mm,凹入深度约5mm，主流道的入口端的直径D应该要比喷嘴出口直径d大0.55mm到1mm（b）主流道的锥角大概可以取2°到4°（f）浇口套和定模板之间的连接力必须满足；（g）定位圈和定位孔的配合长度：中、小型的模具在8mm到10mm,大型的模具在15mm左右。（2）关于浇口套设计注射机X喷嘴球的半径是12mm，喷嘴的孔径是4mm.所以如果要使浇口套端面的凹球面与注射机喷嘴的端凸球面接触良好，凸球面半径就需要取14mm，圆锥孔的小端直径就大于喷嘴口的内径，取4.5mm。6图本次设计中的注射模是以一模四腔的形式，选择了平衡式分流道的布局。所说的平衡式布置就是确保每个型腔能够一起有规律的进料，同时注射完毕。分流道选择半圆形的截面，效率没有圆形的好，但加工不复杂，比较简单。图7浇口的位置处于分型面上，截面的位置简单便于加工，注射的效率很高图冷料穴的作用是用来存放注射的间歇期间内喷嘴前端由散热造成的温度降低而产生的冷料，一般设置在后端。钩料装置由冷料穴和钩料杆组成，钩料杆安装在型芯固定板上，不与顶出机构联动。（一）塑料注射模具的温度调节系统的重要性温度是不是合理关系到塑件的尺寸精度和质量所以它是模具设计的重要工作塑料种类不同对模具的温度要求也同样不同。总的要求就是使模具温度达到要求，能够经过温控系统的调节，使得模腔每个部位的温度大抵相似；在一段时间里，则在生产期间的每一个成型的周期中，模具的温度应该一致平衡。（二）模具冷却系统的设计原则（c）思考并且运用模具材料的导热性；（d）加强浇口处的冷却；（f）使冷却水道中的水显现湍流状流动；依照塑料的制品形体状况和他所需要的冷却效果和冷却回路可分为直通式、圆周式、多级式、隔板式等，并且还可以互相配合，构成很多种冷却的回路。它的基本形式8总共有六种，因为过滤网是薄壁的零件，而且零件的体积不大，因此传递的热量并不是很大，在此我选用的是简单流道式。整体式，整体嵌入式，局部镶嵌式，大面积镶拼式，完全组合式因为型腔的部分并不是很复杂，而且只有一个型芯。所以这里我选用的是整体镶入式型腔。固定而成。它易于加工，容易修复，强度和刚度较高。（三）注射模具成型零件的尺寸确定型腔选择塑件公差△的1/2，偏差取负，并且加上-1/4△的磨损量，型芯深度再加上-1/6△的磨损量，型腔的计算尺寸的表达如下。（a）型腔的径向尺寸的计算式：D=[D1]•00式中D——型腔的最小基本尺寸；0•9——塑件的公差，取7级精度；——模具制造公差，按1/4△选取。0.110根据（3.1）式计算各型腔的各径向尺寸：（b）型腔的深度尺寸的计算公式：H[H1]（7.2）•00式中H——型腔深度的最小尺寸；00H•——塑件的最大基本尺寸；0其余符号与（3.1）相同。根据（3.2）式计算得型腔的各深度尺寸：（c）型芯尺寸计算1/2，取正偏差，再加上+1/4的磨损量，而型芯高度则加上+1/6的磨损量。型芯的计算尺寸表达如下。（d）型芯的径向尺寸的计算式：d[dS)（7.3）•000式中d——型芯的最大基本尺寸0d——塑件的最小基本尺寸•0其余符号与（3.1）相同。型芯径向尺寸：10.28516.4000.0550.06根据（3.3）式计算得型芯的各径向尺寸：（e）型芯的高度尺寸计算：h[hS)（7.4）•000式中h——型芯高度的最大尺寸;0h•——型芯内形深度的最小尺寸；0其余符号与（7.1）相同。以上这些繁琐的计算，在利用PROE软件进行设计时全部自动进行，这也就是利用PROE软件能够真正实行并行设计的好处。（四）成型零件的强度、刚度计算注射模在其工作过程需要承受多种外力，如果外力过大，注射模和它的成型零部件就会产生变性和破裂，或大的弹性变形，造成成型零部件在它们的对接面或贴合面处出现较大的间隙，由此而发生溢料及飞边现象，从而导致整个模具失效或无法达到技术质量要求。所以在模具设计的时候，一定要计算强度和刚度。凹模型腔侧壁和底部的厚度都是可以用强度来计算并决定的，但凸模和型芯通常都10是由制品内形或制品上的孔型决定，设计时只可以对它们进行强度校核。因在设计时采用的是整体式圆形型腔。计算的参考公式如下：p按强度计算：按刚度计算：cpmEp1)cp底部：按强度按刚度计算：m4mEp凸模、型芯计算公式：Pm按强度计算：p按刚度计算：4rm3Ep11七、顶出机构的设计（一）注射模具的顶出机构（1.）推出机构分类：按驱动方式分：机动推出机构、手动推出机构、液压推出机构、气动推出机构。按模具结构分：双推出机构、二级推出机构、简单推出机构、带螺纹塑件的推出机构、浇注系统自动切断推出机构。（2.）推出机构设计原则：（a）结构必须可靠；（b）推出的位置请尽可能的选在塑件的内侧；（c）确保塑件在推出的时候不会变形或损坏；（d）将塑件放在动模的一边；（e）为获得大的顶出力选择垂直的壁厚方向；（f）选择直径相同的顶杆；（二）设计原则1.推出机构应该尽可能的设置在动模的一边；2.保证塑件的完整性；3.动作须可靠机构须简单；4.合模正确复位。（三）零件的复位利用弹簧从而使得推出机构得以复位。（四）推杆推出机构推杆推出的优点：推杆加工简单、更换方便、推出效果好，合模时，推杆靠复位杆的带动作用同时复位。在该模具设计中考虑到可出面大，腔型较简单，故采用了推杆推出。12八、排气槽设计首先，都应该排气的部位是交口前面的分流道。排气槽宽度应等于分流道宽度，H为0.12mm25mm6.5mmH为0.075～0.16mm，由物料流动室来决定。软的材料就该选取较低的值。顶出杆要求放大，在许许多多的场合，顶出杆圆柱面上应磨出3—4个H为0.05mm的平面，打磨痕迹的方向应和顶出杆的方向一致，并且端部应该磨出0.12mm的倒角。九、导向机构的设计导柱导向机构是保证动定模或上下模合模时，正确定位和导向的零件。（一）导柱导向机构的作用2.导向作用在合模的时候，首先是导向零件接触，使其能准确的关上，防止成型零件损坏。3.承受一些侧向压力。1.导柱导套结约形式及尺寸如下图：导柱的结构形式所选用的材料的硬度为50~55HRC。导柱、导套固定部分Ra为08μm，导向部分Ra为0.8~0.4μm。具体尺寸如上图所示。2.导柱的布置采用等径导柱不对称布置，如图所示导柱的布置形式十、注射机的参数校核（一）注射量的计算Q=4x3g=12(g)（二）初步选择的机器型号XS-ZY-125型注射机（三）XS-ZY-125型注射机的主要参数14（四）塑件在分型面上的投影面积与锁模力校核注射成型时，塑件在模分型面