2013年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试题(D类)

2013NationalEnglishContestforCollegeStudents(LevelD—Preliminary)(总分：150分，答题时间：120分钟)PartIListeningComprehension(30marks)SectionA(5marks)Inthissection,youwillhearfiveshortconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,readthequestionandthreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestchoice.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.WillAmystayinBostonallweek?A.Shemustcheckherschedulefirst.B.ShemustasktheGreensfirst.C.Shemustaskherparentsfirst.2.WheredoesJennylive?A.InDover.B.InBirmingham.C.InBrighton.3.Whatdoyouwanttodrink?A.cokeB.waterC.orangejuice4.HowmuchdidthestampofElvisPresleycost?A.29centsB.32centsC.35cents.5.HowdoesNataliegotoheruniversity?A.BytaxiB.Bycar.C.Byschoolbus.SectionB(10marks)Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonce.Aftereachconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause,readthefivequestions,eachwiththethreechoicesmarkA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestchoice.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Conversation16.WhatisNewYorkfamousfor?A.Squares.B.Temples.C.Skyscrapers.7.Accordingtothemanwhereisthetallestskyscraperintheworld?A.IntheNewYorkB.InChicagoC.InLosAngeles.C.No,never.8.HasJoeyeverbeeninsideaskyscraper?A.Yes,justonetime.B.Yes,manytimes.9.Whataretheygoingtodotomorrow?A.Gosightseeing.B.Goswimming.C.Gohiking.10.What’sthepopulationofNewYorkcity?A.7million.B.8million.C.9million.Conversation211.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewoman?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Librarianandstudent.C.Policemanandpasser-by.12.Thewomanwantedtofindbooksabout_______.A.famousAmericans13.BenjaminFranklinwasa_______.A.diplomatB.wealthyChineseC.royalEnglishmenC.dancerB.singer14.Whereiseverythingthatisinthelibrarylisted?A.Insolarsystem.B.Inthecomputersystem.C.Inthepublicaddresssystem.15.Accordingtotheman,thecomputerwilltellyouaboutthebookEXCEPT____.A.ashortdescriptionofthebookB.thepositionofthebookC.thewholebookSectionC(5marks)Inthissection,youwillhearamonologue.Themonologuewillreadtwice.Afterthemonologue,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,readthefivequestion,eachwiththethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestchoice.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.16.WhatdoesPeterWatsondointhemuseum?A.HumanResourceManager.B.PublicProgramsManager.C.PublicRelationsManager.17.Howmanyexhibitsdoesthemuseumhave?A.About40.B.Lessthan50.C.Over100.18.What'sthenameofthespecialareaforchildrenundertheageof7?A.Poweryourfuture.B.Mathematics.C.Kidspace.19.The"Mathematics"exhibitareaofthemuseumwasfirstmadefor_____.A.theWorld'sFairinNewYorkin1964B.theOlympicGamesinLosAngelesin1984C.theWorldEconomicalandEnvironmentalConferencein200820.AccordingtoPeter,whichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTTRUE?A.Visitorstothemuseumcanlearnmoreaboutscience.B.Everyexhibitismerelydesignedforthevisitorstolookat.C.Theexhibitsshowtheprinciplesofscienceindailylives.SectionD(10marks)Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Thepassagewillbereadtwice.Therearetenmissingwordsorphrases,fillingintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhear.Remembertowritetheanswerontheanswersheet.RemarkablePeopleWhatmakesapersonremarkable?Theword"remarkable"means"(21)____"or"worthyofnotice."Aremarkableperson,then,issomeonewhoisunusual,whoisworthyofournoticing.Ofcourse,being"unusual"or"worthyofnotice"does(22)____meanbeingfamousor(23)____.Manyfamouspeoplearenotremarkable,andmanypeoplewhoaretrulyremarkablearenotfamous.Thesepeopleareremarkablebecauseallofthem(24)____andthenworkedhardtoachievethem.Perhapsthatisthe(25)____ofremarkable(26)____:peoplewiththecourage,strengthandperseverancetowork--andkeeponworking---andkeeponworking--towardsomethingthatthey(27)____.AsbookerT.Washingtononcesaid,"Successistobemeasurednotsomuchbythe(28)____thatonehasreachedinlifeasbythe(29)____whichhehasovercomewhiletryingtosucceed."Wecanlearnagreatdealfrompeopleweconsidertoberemarkable.Wecan(30)____bytheirworkandtheirwayofbeingbecausetheyenableustoseewhatispossibleinone'slife.PartIIvocabularyandstructure(15marks)Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.31.Whetherwe'llholdthesportsmeetingdependsontheweather,____?A.won'tweB.shan'tweC.doesn'titD.won’tit32.Inordertopreventthefirespreading,someofthehousesnearby____pulleddownbeforethefiremanarrived.A.havebeenB.haveC.hadbeenD.had33.Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadtriedtogetjobinthecompany____.A.wasacceptedB.wereacceptingC.hasbeenacceptedD.havebeenaccepted34.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthebusystreet.Ifnot,youmay____runoverbyacar.A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn35.Now,children,it'stimeyou____.A.arewashinganddressingC.willwashanddressB.wereacceptingD.werewashedanddressed36.ZhongNanshanisafamousexpertwhohas____to____theoriginofSARS.A.devoted;studyingC.devoted;studyB.beendevoted;studyingD.beendevoted;study37.Ourcountryhasa____historyof40000years.A.recordedB.recordingC.recordD.records

38.____quicklyandsoonhisresignationbecamethetalkofthetown.A.WordsspreadC.WordspreadB.ThewordwasspreadD.Awordspread39.Hehasbeencaught___therainandiswet___theskin.A.by;toB.in;toC.in;throughD.with,in40.Mymotherboughtmeanewpairofbootsonmybirthday___shehadpromised.A.howB.whatC.whyD.as41.Thegoalkeeperistheweakpointoftheteam.Whichidiomcanbeusedtodescribethegoalkeeper?A.ThegoalkeeperisthetouchofMidasintheteam.A.Thegoalkeeperistheappleoftheeyeintheteam.A.ThegoalkeeperistheTrojanhorseintheteam.A.ThegoalkeeperistheheelofAchillesintheteam.42.--TheaimofthejourneywastocrossthecontinentofAntarcticafromeasttowest,adistanceof1,800miles.Andsomeoneinyourfamily,Martin,wasonthatjourney.Whowasit?--Itwasmygrandfather.--____--TheyleftonAugust8th,1914--whichwasthesameweektheFirstA.Wheredidtheysetupcampaftertheboatsank?B.Whendidtheyleaveforthejourney?WorldWarbrokeout.C.WhydidtheygotoAntarctica?D.Whoweresurprisedwhentheyarrived?43.--Soyoudon'tlikepoetry?--Well,Ilikelisteningtothesongs,andthesongshavepoetryinthem.--___--Well,Icanrememberthis:Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.A.Canyoutellmeyourname?B.Doyoutellmeyourname?C.CanyourememberanylinesofpoetryinEnglish?D.Doyoureadpoetryinyoursparetime?44.--Doyoueatbreakfast,Tom?--___--Whataboutlunch?--Oh,Igetreallyhungrybyaroundhalfpasttwelve.Ihavetogoandgetsomethingtoeat.Ilikeahotlunch__maybepasta,meatorfishandvegetables.A.IfIhavetimeIdo,butoftenIdon’tbother.B.Thatadvertisementisareallydifferenttasktocomplete.C.Ifeeltiredintheafternoon!D.Isupposemyfavouritefoodwouldhavetobechocolate!45.--Comein.Oh,hello,LiangYu.____--Yes,Professor.Ihopeit’sconvenient.Ijustwonderedwhatyouthoughtofmyfirsttry.Iexpectitwillneedsomemoreworkbeforeit’sready.--Yes,I’mafraiditwill.Thesearecertainrulesthatyoushouldfollowwhenwritingaresume.Let’shavealookatyoursandseewhereyouneedtoimprove.

--Thankyouverymuch.Exactlywhatisafamily?Untilabout50yearsago,thetraditionalAmericanfamilyconsisted(46)____aworkinghusband,awifeathome,andtwoormorechildren.Responsibilitieswereclearly(47)____(divide)inanAmericannuclearfamily,Whilethehusbandwasearningaliving,thewifewascaringforthehomeand(48)____(raise)thechildren.Ofcourse,thesewere(49)____(except),butthisconceptofthefamilywasthegeneralruleuntilthe1960s.Sincethe1960s,(50)how____,thefamilyhasbecomemorediverse,andchangeable.Americanshaveaccepteddifferingconceptsoffamilies,(51)____(include)single-parent,blended,two-paycheck,interracial,childless,andcommuterfamilies.SomecriticsbelievethattheAmericanfamilyhassuffered(52)____(great)becauseofallthechangesinsociety.Accordingtothesecritics,thefamilyhadbeenmuchstrongerbeforeitbegantostrugglewithissuessuch(53)____divorce,workingmothers,gaycouples,andunmarriedrelationships.Today’sstrongestcriticsfeelthatthetraditionalnuclearfamilywillbecomerareinthe21st(54)____.Nationwide,however,mostAmericansbelievethatthefamilyisgoingtosurvive.Infact,almostallmajorsurveysinrecentyearshavefoundthattheAmericanfamilyisasstrongasithaseverbeen.FormostAmericans,thefamilycontinuestoprovidetheirdeepestsourceofsatisfactionandmeaninginlife.Thus,althoughtoday’sfamilyisdifferentfrom(55)____itusedtobe,itseemstobethriving.PartIVReadingComprehension(40marks)Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.Respondtothequestionsaccordingtothepassage.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.SectionA(10marks)Questions56-60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AreComputerAlive?Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI—artificialintelligence—werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresooncalled“electronicbrains.”Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed.Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high—speedidiots,”anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsofthehigh—speedidiottag.IthasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsonEarth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.Oneconsequenceofspeculationaboutthepossibilityofcomputerthoughtwasthatwewereforcedtoexaminewithnewcaretheideaofthoughtingeneral.ItsoonbecameclearthatwewerenotsurewhatwemeatWetendtoassumethathumanbeingsthink,somebysuchtermsasthoughtandthinking.morethanothers,thoughweoftencallpeopleDreamscauseaproblem,partlybecausetheyusuallythoughtlessorunthinking.happenoutsideourcontrol.Theyareobviouslysometypeofthinking?Andthequestionofnonhumanlifeformsaddsfurtherproblems.Manyofuswouldmaintainthatsomeofthehigheranimals--dogs,cats,apes,andsoon--arecapableofatleastbasicthought,butwhataboutfishandinsects?Itiscertainlytruethatthehighermammalsshowcomplexbrainactivitywhentestedwiththeappropriateequipment.Ifthinkingisdemonstratedbyevidentelectricalactivityinthebrain,thenmanyanimalspeciesarecapableofthought.Oncewehaveformulatedclearideasonwhatthoughtisinbiologicalcreatures,itwillbeeasiertodiscussthequestionofthoughtinartifacts（人工制品）.Andwhatistrueofthoughtisalsotrueofmanyothermentalprocesses.OneoftheimmensebenefitsofAIresearchisthatwearebeingforcedtocheckcarefullytheworkingofthehumanmind.Itisalreadyclearthatmachineshavesuperiormentalabilitiestomanylifeforms.Nofernoroaktreecanplaychessaswellaseventhesimplestdigitalcomputer;norcanfrogsweldcarbodiesaswellasrobots.ThemechanicalmanipulatorisclevererinsomewaysItseemsthanthethree-toedsloth(树獭).

that,viewedintermsofintellect,thecomputershouldbesetwellaboveplantsandmostanimals.Onlythehigheranimalscan,itseems,competewithcomputerswithregardtointellect--andeventhenwithdiminishingsuccess.(Examplesofthisareinthegamesofchess.Someoftheword'sbestplayersarenowcomputers.)Questions56-58:ReadthequestionsandthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestchoiceaccordingtothepassage.56.Thefirstelectroniccomputerswere______.A.SlowandreliableB.largeandd.UnreliablefastC.creativeandaccurateandsmall57.Intheauthor'sview,mentalactivitiesare

characteristicof_______.A.AllplantsandanimalsanimalsB.SomeD.ComputersC.humanbeingsalone58.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmachinesthinking?A.Itissomewhatpossible.B.Itistotallyimpossible.C.Itwillnotberealizedtoosoon.surpasshumanthinkingsomeday.D.ItmayQuestions59-60:Completethefollowingwithinformationgiveninthepassageinamaximumoftwowordsforeachblank.59.Theauthorfeelsthatbycallingtheseearlycomputers“high-speedidiots,”peoplewerereallyimplyingthatcomputerswouldneverbecapableof_____.60.Theauthorbelievesthatsuchwordsasthoughtandthinkingmightcometobebetterunderstoodbecauseofresearchinto_____andcomputers.From1987’sTheYoungMasteronward,Chanhasusuallybeenhisowndirectorandscreenwriter.HisbestHongKong-producedfilmsincludethenonstopaction-festsProjectA(1983),PoliceStory(1985),ArmorofGod(1986),andtheGoldenHorseAward-winningCrimeStory(1993)—nottomentionthemultiplesequelsofeachoftheaforementionedtitles.DespitehispopularityinEuropeandAsia,ChanwasformanyyearsunabletomakeadentintheAmericanmarket.HetriedhardinsuchfilmsasTheBigBrawl(1980)andthefirsttwoCannonballRunflicks,butAmericanfilmgoersjustweren’tbuying.Atlonglast,ChanminedU.S.box-officegoldwith1996’sRumbleintheBronx,afilmsoexhilaratingthattheaudiencenevernoticedthosedistinctlyCanadianmountainrangesloomingbehindthe“Bronx”skyline.ChanremainedthemostpopularAsianactorwiththegreatestpotentialtocrossoverintotheprofitableEnglish-Speakingmarkets,somethingheagaindemonstratedwhenheco-starredwithChrisTuckerinthe1998box-officehitRushHour.ChanhadanothersuccessonhishandswithShanghaiNoon,acomedyWesterninwhichhestarredasanImperialGuarddispatchedtotheAmericanWesttorescuethekidnappeddaughter(LucyLiu)oftheChineseEmperor.Questions61-63:Readthepassage,andthentellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orthefalse(F).61.JackieChanstartedasacomedyactorandthenmovedintoseriousroles.62.ChanwasverypopularintheUnitedStatesrightawaywithhisfirstmovie.63.Thelastthreemoviesmentioned,RumbleintheBronx,RushHour,andShanghaiNoon—wereverysuccessful.Questions64-65:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.64.WhatdidJackieChanlearnforacareerinthePekingOpera?65.WhendidJackieChangetfullcelebritystatus?

SectionC(10marks)Question66-70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhatMakesSoundBeautiful?(69)Beautyiscertainlymorethanskin-deep.Howeveryoumightdefineit,beautyextendsfarbeyondthevisualtothatwhichpleasesothersensesandeventhemind.Themostimportantamongtheseotherroutesfortheobservationofbeautyisthesenseofhearing,Musicisroutinelyrecognizedasbeautiful.Soareothersounds,likethewhisperingofwindthroughpinesorthegentlepurringofacatJustasphilosophersandscientistshavestruggledtodefinevisualbeauty,theyhaveattemptedtoanalyzetheappealofpleasantsoundsaswell.Ultimately,sonic()beautyisintheearofthebeholder.Researchandintuitioncan,however,suggestreasonswhyonepersonconsidersamusicalpiecegorgeouswhileanotherconsidersitabucketfulofnoise.Theexistenceofnoiseisaclueinitself.Aconventionaldefinitionofnoisewouldincludeadjectiveslikeunwanted,annoying,disorganized,ormeaningless.Soundsthathavenodiscerniblepatterntothemorthatintrudeonmentalorderarenotgenerallyconsideredbeautiful.Therelationshipofsoundtothesituationiscrucial.AnassertiveorchestralpiecelikeCopland’s“FanfarefortheCommonMan”couldbestrikinglybeautifulataFourthofJulycelebrationyetdecidedlyannoyingwhenitblaresfromsomeoneelse’sapartmentwhileyouaretryingtoconcentrateonadifficulttask.Butitisthequesttodiscovertheroleofpatternthattakesusbeyondsuchintuitivejudgmentsaboutthebeautyofsound.Inthe1930s,amathematiciannamedGeorgeBirkhoffproposedformulasthatwouldplaceagivenworkscorehigherthanlessbeautifulart.Heproposeddifferentspecificsforanalyzingpainting,orgeometricfigures,orpoetry,ormusic,buthiscentralformulaisM=O/C.ThesymbolMstandsforbeauty,Ofororganization,andCforcomplexity.(70)Inotherwords,aworkofmusicthatisverywellorganizedandnotverycomplicatedscoreshigherthanaworkwithsimilarygoodorganizationbutahighdegreeofcomplexity.Organizationisgood,complexityisbad.ThisaspectofBirkhoff’sapproachclearlyoversimplifiesthecase.Organizationandcomplexitytocontributetotheperceivedbeautyofamusicalpiece,butnotasmereopposites.Theyentwineandinfluencethepieceincombinationwitheachotherandwithotherfactors.Toillustratethis,let’sconsideroneofthoseotherfactors,themusicalexperienceandknowledgethatalistenerbringstoapieceofmusic.Musiccriticsarewell-knownfordislikingwordsthatbecomeimmenselypopularandforpraisingmaterialthatthegeneralpublicfindsboringorevenunpleasant.Whyshouldthisdisparitybesocommon?Orwhyshoulda40-year-o;dwholovedbouncypopmusicduringhisteenyearsnowfindithardtotoleratehisownteenagechildren’stasteinmusic?Theanswersprobablyinvolveacertainideallevelofcomplexity,apointwherethecomplexityofapieceandthewayitisorganizedarematchedperfectlywithalistener’sknowledgeandexperience.Theworkpresentsenoughofachallengesothatthelistenercanenjoythinkingaboutanddecipheringitspatterns,butitisnotsoimpossiblycomplexthatthelistenerremainsconfused.Aworkthatfallsfarbelowhisideallevelistoosimpleortoofamiliartobeinteresting.Aworkthatreachesfarabovetheideallevelsisfrustratinganddissatisfying.

Questions66--68:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.66.Whatadjectivesareusedtodefinenoiseconventionally?67.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenorganizationandcomplexitywhencontributingtotheperceivedbeautyofamusicalpiece?68.Whatlevelofcomplexityisidealtoamusicalpiece?Questions69--70:Translatetheunderlinedsentences69and70.SectionD(10marks)Questions71-75arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ApologymakesRightWhetherusedtorepairold,strainedrelationshipsortolaythegroundworkfornew,productiveones,themighty“sorry”hasprovedeffective.Apologiesarepowerful.Theyresolveconflictswithoutviolence,repairdisunitybetweennations,allowgovernmentstoacknowledgethesufferingoftheircitizens,andrestorebalancetopersonalrelationships.Theyareaneffectivewaytorestoretrustandgainrespect.Theycanbeasignofstrength:proofthattheapologizerhastheself-confidencetoadmitamistake.Apologies,likesomanyothercommunicationstrategies,beginathome.Theyareoneofwhatsomelinguistscallspeechactsandareusedtokeeprelationshipsontrack.Eachculturalgrouphasitsowncustomswithregardtoconversationalformalities,includingconventionalizedmeansofrepairingdisruption.IntheAmericancontext,thereisenoughevidencethatwomenaremoreinclinedtoofferanexpressionofapologythanmen.Onewoman,forexample,toldmethatherhusband’sresistancetoapologizingmakestheirdisputesgoonandon.Once,afterheforgottogiveheraparticularlyimportanttelephonemessage,shecouldn’tgetoverheranger,notbecausehehadforgotten(sherealizedanyonecanmakeamistake)butbecausehedidn’tapologize.“HadIdonesomethinglikethat,”shesaid,“IwouldhavefallenallovermyselfsayinghowsorryIwas...Ifeltasthoughhedidn’tcare.”WhenIaskedherhusbandforhissideofthestory,hesaidapologizingwouldnothaverepairedthedamage.“Sowhatgooddoesitdo?”hewondered.Thegooditdoesiscementingtherelationships.Bysayinghewassorry----andsayingitasifhemeantit----hewouldhaveconveyedthathefeltbadaboutlettingherdown.Notsayinganythingsenttheoppositemessage:itimpliedhedidn’tcare.Showingthatyouempathizeprovidestheelementofregretthatiscentraltoapologies----asdoesthepromisetomakeamendsandnotrepeattheoffense.Intheabsenceofthese,whyshouldthewifetrustherhusbandnottodoitagain?Apologiescanbeequallypowerfulinday-to-daysituationsathomeandatwork.Onecompanymanagertoldmethattheyweremagicbullets.Whenheadmittedtosubordinatesthathehadmadeamistakeandthenexpressedremorse,theynotonlyforgavehim,butbecameevenmoreloyal.Conversely,whenIaskedpeoplewhatmostfrustratedthemintheirworklives,coworkers

refusingtoadmitfaultwasafrequentanswer.Questions71-75:Readthepassagecarefullyandthencompleteeachspaceinthesummaryinamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.Summary:Apologiesarepowerful,becausetheyareaneffectivewayto(71)_______andgainrespect.Likemanyothercommunicationstrategies,theybeginathome.Theyareoneofthe(72)________andareusedtokeeprelationshipsontrack.Theessentialadvantageofapologyisrepairingthe(73)_________.Showingthatyouareregretfulmeanstocompensateandnot(74)_________.Moreover,apologiescanbeequallypowerfulin(75)________bothathomeandatwork.PartVTranslation(10marks)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.Remembertowritetheanswerontheanswersheet.76.她总是觉得受人监视而心神不宁。（beobsessedwith）77.我姐姐已经习惯于照顾生病的我。（getaccustomedto）78.当他们抵达岛上后，罗伯特想出了一个主意:第二天早上看日出。（comeupwith）79.他不管走到哪里都随身携带一笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。（wherever）80.在他有生之年，他一直没有成名，但他认为自己是一个合格的教师。（thinkof…as…）PartVIErrorCorrection(10mark)Proofreadthepassageasrequired.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Correctthepassageinthefollowingway:foracorrectline,putthesign“√”DietandtheDemandforFoodThedemandfordifferentfoodproductsdepends81.________onfourfactors:thenumberofpeopleinthearea,81.________theirstandardofliving,andtheirculturalattitudes.82._________Thefirsttwofactorsareobviously.Thethird,83.______Culturalattitudes,oftendependsindiethabitsandreligion.84.______TakeattitudetowarddietintheUnitedStates,foranexample.85