5学原理（微观）第五版测试题库（04）曼昆经济学原理第五版测试题库（微观）

5学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库（04）曼昆经济学原理第五版测试题库（微观）Chapter4TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemandTRUE/FALSE1.Pricesallocateamarketeconomy’sscarceresources.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketeconomiesMSC:Definitional2.Inamarketeconomy,supplyanddemanddetermineboththequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepricewhichitissold.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketeconomiesMSC:Definitional3.Amarketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Definitional4.Sellersasagroupdeterminethedemandforaproduct,andbuyersasagroupdeterminethesupplyofaproduct.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demand|SupplyMSC:Definitional5.Ayardsaleisanexampleofamarket.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Applicative6.Anewspaper’sclassifiedadsareanexampleofamarket.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Applicative7.Mostmarketsintheeconomyarehighlycompetitive.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalities

TOP:MarketsMSC:Definitional8.Inacompetitivemarket,thequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissoldarenotdeterminedbyanysinglebuyerorseller.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:CompetitivemarketsMSC:Definitional9.Inacompetitivemarket,therearesofewbuyersandsofewsellersthateachhasasignificantimpactonthemarketprice.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:CompetitivemarketsMSC:Definitional10.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,thegoodsofferedforsaleareallexactlythesame.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionTOP:PerfectcompetitionMSC:Definitional20211.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,buyersandsellersarepricesetters.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionTOP:PerfectcompetitionMSC:Definitional12.Allgoodsandservicesaresoldinperfectlycompetitivemarkets.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionTOP:PerfectcompetitionMSC:Definitional13.Ifagoodorservicehasonlyoneseller,thentheselleriscalledamonopoly.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:MonopolyTOP:MonopolyMSC:Definitional14.Monopolistsarepricetakers.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:MonopolyTOP:MonopolyMSC:Interpretive15.LocalcableTVcompaniesfrequentlyaremonopolists.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:MonopolyTOP:MonopolyMSC:Definitional16.Thequantitydemandedofaproductistheamountthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchaseataparticularprice.

ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:QuantitydemandedMSC:Definitional17.Thelawofdemandistrueformostgoodsintheeconomy.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofdemandMSC:Definitional18.Thelawofdemandstatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitydemandedofthegoodrises,andwhenthepricefalls,thequantitydemandedfalls.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofdemandMSC:Definitional19.Thedemandcurveistheupward-slopinglinerelatingpriceandquantitydemanded.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Definitional20.Individualdemandcurvesaresummedhorizontallytoobtainthemarketdemandcurve.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketdemandcurveMSC:Definitional21.Themarketdemandcurveshowshowthetotalquantitydemandedofagoodvariesastheincomeofbuyersvaries,whilealltheotherfactorsthataffecthowmuchconsumerswanttobuyareheldconstant.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketdemandcurveMSC:Definitional22.Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitydemandedatanygivenprice,thenthedemandcurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Definitionalword⽂档可⾃由复制编辑204Chapter4/TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemand23.Amovementupwardandtotheleftalongagivendemandcurveiscalledadecreaseindemand..ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Interpretive

24.Anincreaseindemandshiftsthedemandcurvetotheleft.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Definitional25.Ifthedemandforagoodfallswhenincomefalls,thenthegoodiscalledaninferiorgood.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:NormalgoodsMSC:Definitional26.WhenMario'sincomedecreases,hebuysmorepasta.ForMario,pastaisanormalgood.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InferiorgoodsMSC:Applicative27.Adecreaseinincomewillshiftthedemandcurveforaninferiorgoodtotheright.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InferiorgoodsMSC:Interpretive28.Anincreaseinthepriceofasubstitutegoodwillshiftthedemandcurveforagoodtotheright.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SubstitutesMSC:Interpretive29.Baseballsandbaseballbatsaresubstitutegoods.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative30.Adecreaseinthepriceofacomplementwillshiftthedemandcurveforagoodtotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Interpretive31.Whenanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodlowersthedemandforanothergood,thetwogoodsarecalledcomplements.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Definitional32.Cocoaandmarshmallowsarecomplements,soadecreaseinthepriceofcocoawillcauseanincreaseinthedemandformarshmallows.

ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative33.Ifapersonexpectsthepriceofsockstoincreasenextmonth,thenthatperson’scurrentdemandforsockswillincrease.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ExpectationsMSC:Applicative34.Adecreaseinthepriceofaproductandanincreaseinthenumberofbuyersinthemarketaffectthedemandcurveinthesamegeneralway.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Interpretive35.Wheneveradeterminantofdemandotherthanpricechanges,thedemandcurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Interpretive36.Anincreaseinthepriceofpizzawillshiftthedemandcurveforpizzatotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Applicative37.Publicserviceannouncements,mandatoryhealthwarningsoncigarettepackages,andtheprohibitionofcigaretteadvertisingontelevisionareallpoliciesaimedatshiftingthedemandcurveforcigarettestotheright.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Applicative38.Moststudieshavefoundthattobaccoandmarijuanaarecomplementsratherthansubstitutes.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative39.Thequantitysuppliedofagoodorserviceistheamountthatsellersarewillingandabletosellataparticularprice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:QuantitysuppliedMSC:Definitional40.Whenthepriceofagoodishigh,sellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.

ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitional41.Whenthepriceofagoodislow,sellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitional42.Pricecannotfallsolowthatsomesellerschoosetosupplyaquantityofzero.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:QuantitysuppliedMSC:Interpretive43.Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitysuppliedofthegoodfalls.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitional44.Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodfalls,thequantitysuppliedfallsaswell.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitionalword⽂档可⾃由复制编辑206Chapter4/TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemand45.Ifahigherpricemeansagreaterquantitysupplied,thenthesupplycurveslopesupward.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Definitional46.Individualsupplycurvesaresummedverticallytoobtainthemarketsupplycurve.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketsupplycurveMSC:Definitional47.Themarketsupplycurveshowshowthetotalquantitysuppliedofagoodvariesasinputpricesvary,holdingconstantalltheotherfactorsthatinfluenceproducers’decisionsabouthowmuchtosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Marketsupplycurve

MSC:Definitional48.Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitysuppliedatanygivenprice,thenwemovealongthefixedsupplycurvetoanewquantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Interpretive49.Amovementalongasupplycurveiscalledachangeinsupplywhileashiftofthesupplycurveiscalledachangeinquantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Supply|QuantitysuppliedMSC:Interpretive50.Adecreaseinsupplyshiftsthesupplycurvetotheleft.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Definitional51.Areductioninaninputpricewillcauseachangeinquantitysupplied,butnotachangeinsupply.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InputpricesMSC:Interpretive52.Anincreaseinthepriceofinkwillshiftthesupplycurveforpenstotheleft.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InputpricesMSC:Applicative53.Ifthereisanimprovementinthetechnologyusedtoproduceagood,thenthesupplycurveforthatgoodwillshifttotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:TechnologyMSC:Interpretive54.Advancesinproductiontechnologytypicallyreducefirms’costs.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:TechnologyMSC:Interpretive55.Ifacompanymakingfrozenorangejuiceexpectsthepriceofitsproducttobehighernextmonth,itwillsupplymoretothemarketthismonth.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Expectations

MSC:Applicative56.Whenasellerexpectsthepriceofitsproducttodecreaseinthefuture,theseller'ssupplycurveshiftsleftnow.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ExpectationsMSC:Interpretive57.Anincreaseinthepriceofaproductandanincreaseinthenumberofsellersinthemarketaffectthesupplycurveinthesamegeneralway.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Interpretive58.Wheneveradeterminantofsupplyotherthanpricechanges,thesupplycurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Interpretive59.Adecreaseinthepriceofpizzawillshiftthesupplycurveforpizzatotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Applicative60.Supplyanddemandtogetherdeterminethepriceandquantityofagoodsoldinamarket.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional61.Amarket’sequilibriumisthepointatwhichthesupplyanddemandcurvesintersect.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional62.Attheequilibriumprice,quantitydemandedisequaltoquantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional63.Theequilibriumpriceisthesameasthemarket-clearingprice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional64.Attheequilibriumprice,buyershaveboughtalltheywanttobuy,butsellershavenotsoldalltheywanttosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional

65.Theactionsofbuyersandsellersnaturallymovemarketstowardequilibrium.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional66.Whenthemarketpriceisabovetheequilibriumprice,thequantityofthegooddemandedexceedsthequantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional67.Whenthemarketpriceisabovetheequilibriumprice,suppliersareunabletosellalltheywanttosell.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional68.Asurplusisthesameasanexcessdemand.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SurplusMSC:Definitionalword⽂档可⾃由复制编辑208Chapter4/TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemand69.Sellersrespondtoasurplusbycuttingtheirprices.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SurplusMSC:Definitional70.Pricewillrisetoeliminateasurplus.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:SurplusMSC:Interpretive71.Whenquantitysuppliedexceedsquantitydemandedatthecurrentmarketprice,themarkethasasurplusandmarketpricewilllikelyriseinthefuturetoeliminatethesurplus.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:SurplusMSC:Interpretive72.Whenthemarketpriceisbelowtheequilibriumprice,thequantityofthegooddemandedexceedsthequantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional73.Whenthemarketpriceisbelowtheequilibriumprice,suppliersareunabletosellalltheywanttosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional74.Ashortageisthesameasanexcessdemand.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4

NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ShortageMSC:Definitional75.Sellersrespondtoashortagebycuttingtheirprices.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ShortageMSC:Definitional76.Pricewillrisetoeliminateashortage.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:ShortageMSC:Interpretive77.Whenquantitydemandedexceedsquantitysuppliedatthecurrentmarketprice,themarkethasashortageandmarketpricewilllikelyriseinthefuturetoeliminatetheshortage.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:ShortageMSC:Interpretive78.Surplusesdrivepriceupwhileshortagesdrivepricedown.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:Shortage|SurplusMSC:Interpretive79.Ashortagewilloccuratanypricebelowequilibriumpriceandasurpluswilloccuratanypriceaboveequilibriumprice.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:Shortage|SurplusMSC:Interpretive80.Inamarket,thepriceofanygoodadjustsuntilquantitydemandedequalsquantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Interpretive81.Whenasupplycurveorademandcurveshifts,theequil