医学博士外语模拟试卷48

医学博士外语模拟试卷48(总分：182.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分数：10.00）A.Exerciseandwarming.√B.Warmingandchilling.C.Heatandcold.D.Absorptionanddistribution.解析：解析：由“Andweknowfactorsinfluencingtissuedistributionofdrugsincludeexerciseandwarmingorchilling．”可知应选A。A.Smelly.B.Scattered.C.Blockingdoorsandstoreshutters.D.Putinbagsandboxes.√thegarbagearetidilybaggedandboxedA.Mostbenigntumorsneedn'tbecalledtotheattentionofaphysician.B.Peoplesufferingfromcancerswerebornwiththem.C.Thedistinctionbetweenbenignandmalignanttumorsisconsequentlyalwaysimpossible.D.Sometumorschangetheirnatureinthecourseofyears,afteraperiodofbenigngrowth.√解析：解析：男士认为在学习肿瘤的过程中要时刻记住肿瘤的“良性”和“恶性”是相对而言的，而且在诊疗中常存在争议。A.Shelikestodrivewhenshetravels.B.Shedoesn'twanttogotoChicago.C.Shedoesn'tknowthecostofthetraintrip.D.It'scheapertogotoChicagobycar.√解析：解析：男士：我算过了。从这开车去芝加哥大概要5个小时。女士：坐火车去将会很惬意。但我想我们得看我们的开支。女士的话暗示了自己开车去芝加哥会比较便宜。故答案为D。A.Thewomanfeelsratherterrible.B.Thewomanhadanoperation.√C.Thewomanhasaseriousillness.D.Thewomanwantstogotothehospital.解析：解析：由女士的话可知她此刻的身体比她预想的要好很多，没想到手术会如此顺利，可以推断出她刚刚做了手术，故选B。（分数：10.00）A.Tokeepthesecret.B.Totalktohimabouttheproblem.C.Toreducetheworkload.D.Tohaveagreatrest.√解析：解析：女士：我不想多谈它了，不要再问了。男士：别这样，我想你应该放松一下了。A项“保守秘密。”B项“和他谈谈这个问题。”C项“减轻工作量。”D项“好好休息一下。”C和D都符合题意，但D选项更合适。A.Thepatient'sbloodpressureB.thepatient'spresentconditionC.Thecauseofthedisease√D.Howtodealwiththepresentproblem解析：解析：根据对话可知，女士认为她有高血压，但首先需要确定病因，etiology的意思是“病原学，病因学”，因此本题正确答案为C。A.Helpthewomanrepairhercar.B.Helpthewomanfindajob.C.Cancelthewoman'sappointmentforher.D.Takethewomantoherdoctor'soffice.√解析：解析：从“That’sluckyyourangatmethen,Icanpickyouuponmywaytowork．”可知。A.Badfood.B.Spicyfood.√C.Coldfood.D.Fatfood.hotfood与spicyfood是同义词替换。A.AbridgetoManhattan.B.Skyscrapersatdusk.√C.AlotofthingsinManhattan.D.AclassicalnightviewinManhattan.解析：解析：从“Isawthemostspectacular…theskyscraperswerelitupproducingaclassicnighttimeviewofManhattan．”可知B正确。（分数：10.00）A.Hemovedintohisnewapartmentacoupleofmonthsago.B.He'dlikethewomantohelphimpaytherent.C.HeandPeterhavedownloadedanewapartment.D.Theapartmentmightbetooexpensiveforhim.√解析：解析：从“IamwonderingifIcanaffordtostayinit．”可知可能他的房子的租金太贵了。A.Saturday'smorning.B.Sundaymorning.√C.Thisafternoon.D.Tomorrowafternoon.解析：解析：根据女士回答，医生在thisafternoon有病人，最后约定的事明天上午9点，即周日上午九点。A.Toordersomemedicinefortheman.B.TogetsomethingforAunt'sbirthday.C.Tobuysomeitems.√D.Toseesomecarmodels.解析：解析：从buyabirthdaycard可知。A.Cough.√B.Feelingcold.C.Lunginfection.D.Woundedbyfighting.feelingcold和woundedbyfighting都是对常用表达症状词汇的错误理解。lunginfection是她自己认为的，未确诊。因此正确答案为A。A.Shereaditselectively.√B.Shewentoveritchapterbychapter.C.Shereaditslowly.D.Shefinisheditquickly.解析：解析：女士说“我没有像读小说那样从头读到尾，我只是读了我最感兴趣的几章。”从文中的“coverthefewchapters”与A选项中selectively()是同义改写的关系。B选项“她一章接着一章阅读的”，C选项“她读得很慢”，D选项“她迅速读完了”都不正确。2.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分数：10.00）A.Nausea.B.Fever.C.Acold.D.Diarrhea.√解析：解析：从“Youaresufferingfromdiarrhea．”可知。A.Thestalefoodheate.√B.Thefruitjuicehedrank.C.Toomuchfoodheate.D.Thecoldhegot.解析：解析：从“Iatesomestaledbreadandotherfood．Thefoodmighthavebeencontaminatedwithbacterial．”可知A正确。A.Porridge.B.Purifiedwater.C.Pizza.√D.Applejuice.解析：解析：从女士说的不要吃大餐，喝些粥等可知C符合条件。A.Whenhisstoolbecomeslooseandwatery.B.Whenhisdiarrheabecomesinconvenientlyfrequentandwatery.√C.Whenhislipsandmoutharedry.D.Whenhelosesalotofbodyfluids.解析：解析：从“Ifyourdiarrheaissofrequentorwateryastocauseinconvenience，youcantakesomemedicinesasprescribedbythedoctor．”可知B是正确选项。A.Itisamildcaseofdiarrhea.√B.Itisanurgentcaseofdiarrhea.C.Itisimproving.D.Itisdeteriorating.解析：解析：从“Inyourpresentcase，youdon’thavetoworry．Justtakesomemedicineandreplaceforlostfluid．”可知。（分数：10.00）A.Therearemanycontroversialissuesliketherightamountofsleep.B.Amongmanyissuestherightamountofsleepistheleastcontroversial.C.Peoplearenowmovingtowardssolvingmanycontroversialissues.D.Therightamountofsleepisatopicofmuchcontroversyamongdoctors.√解析：解析：睡眠时间多少合适是医生们争议的话题。A.Becausefewpeoplecanwakeupfeelingfreshandalert.B.Becausesomepeoplestillfeeltiredwithenoughsleep.C.Becausesomepeoplestillfeelsleepywithenoughsleep.√D.Becausesomepeoplegotobedverylateatnight.解析：解析：从“Ifheisrightmanypeoplemustbeundersleeping，includingmyself．”可推知。A.Sleepinglessisgoodforhumandevelopment.B.Peopleoughttobepersuadedtosleeplessthanbefore.C.Itisincorrecttosaythatpeoplesleeptoolittle.D.Thosewhocansleeplessshouldbeencouraged.√解析：解析：指出，有些人天生可以睡眠少于平均水平而保持良好的状态。A.Theauthorcommentsonthreedifferentopinions.√B.Theauthorfavorsoneofthethreeopinions.C.Theauthorexplainsanopinionofhiswon.D.Theauthorrevisessomeoneelse'sopinions.解析：解析：文章分别叙述了三种观念，反驳了第一种观念，对后两种持肯定态度。A.BecausetheirbodiesarefatiguedB.Becausesomepeoplehaveagreaterinertiathanothers.√C.Becausetheyfallasleepquicklyandtheyarereluctanttogetup.D.Becausemustmakeupforthelostsleep.解析：解析：因为有些人的惰性较强，转换状态较慢。（分数：10.00）A.Psychosocialeffectsofbreastsurgery.√B.Lifecrisesofcancerpatients.C.Femaleself-imageinsociety.D.Awoman'sperceptionofheridentity.解析：解析：从“Cancerofthebreastmayseriouslyaffectawoman’sperceptionofheridentity,andbreastlosscanbeverypsychologicallydamaging．”可知此篇文章主要讲述乳癌对病人的影响。A.Itmayaffectawoman'sphysicalactivity.B.Itmayaffectawoman'sself-imageasafemale.√C.Itmayaffectawoman'sperceptionofidealism.D.Itmayaffectawoman'sbreastreconstruction.解析：解析：从“breastlosscanbeverypsychologicallydamaging．”可推知乳房切除将对女性的自我形象产生影响。A.Becausetheycanputthewomanonmedicationtoaidrecovery.B.Becausetheycanhelpthewomanfindajobifsheisunemployed.C.Becausetheycanhelpthewomanfindanewpartnerandremarry.D.Becausetheycanhelpthewomangetoverthephysicalandpsychologicalblow.√roleofthecounseloristohelppeopleadjusttothephysicalandpsychologicalblowofbreastcancer．”可知D符合文意。A.Becausetheydreadthattheywillhavetoseeapsychiatrist.B.Becausetheythinkthatanxietyanddepressionarenaturalresponses.C.Becausetheycan'trecoverfromthepsychologicalblowofthedisease.√D.Becausetheyfearthatthemedicationstheyreceivearenoteffective.解析：解析：从“Cancerofthebreastmayseriouslyaffectawoman’sperceptionofheridentity,andbreastlosscanbeverypsychologicallydamaging”可知病人很难从心里接受而造成长期焦虑和忧郁。A.Encouraginghertodiscusssexualproblemswithherpartneropenly.B.Advisinghertoseeapsychiatristforfurthertreatment.C.Advisinghertorevealthediagnosisofbreastcancertoothers.D.Advisinghertouseprostheticdeviceorundergobreastreconstruction.√解析：解析：从“providingthewomanwithanadequateprostheticdevice(breastform)…toundergobreastreconstruction”可知假体乳房和乳房修复可帮助女性重塑身材。3.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：4.Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas______byhiscolleagues.（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.unpractical√D.theoretical解析：解析：题干：他的观点被同事一致谴责为不切实际。imaginativeingenious机灵的，有独创性的；impractical不切实际的；theoretical理论的。前边的谓语动词condemned决定后边的形容词应该是贬义的。5.Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina______.（分数：2.00）A.minority√B.scarcityC.rarityD.minimumbut，所以应该在选项中找一个与majority意思相反的词。6.ProfessorJohnson'sretirement______fromnextJanuary.（分数：2.00）A.carriesintoeffectB.takeseffect√C.haseffectD.putsintoeffect解析：解析：题干：约翰逊教授将于明年一月退休。takeeffectcarryintoeffectputintoeffect实行，使生效。7.Mr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill______.（分数：2.00）A.pullbackB.pullupC.pullthrough√D.pullout解析：解析：题干：布朗先生的情况看起来很糟糕，不知他能否挺过去。pullback撤退，把……向后拉；pullup停下，阻止；pullthrough渡过难关，恢复健康；pullout退出，撤退。8.Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's______ratherthanthecompany's.（分数：2.00）A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience√解析：解析：题干：自90年代初期开始，贸易开始倾向于提供实时所需产品和服务；这些产品和服务以便benefitavailabilitysuitability合适，适当；convenience方便。在本句中只有convenience最符合题意。9.Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.（分数：2.00）A.lightlyB.sparsely√C.hardlyD.rarely解析：解析：题干：这间宽敞的房间只是简单地摆设了几件家具。lightly轻轻地，轻松地；sparsely稀疏地，稀少地；hardly几乎不，是程度副词，用来修饰动词；rarely罕有地，稀有地，可知B较切题。10.Sinceshesufferedbraindamageintheaccident,she'sjustbeena______.（分数：2.00）A.vegetable√B.vegetarianC.encephalopathyD.autisticvegetable植物人；vegetarian素食者；encephalopathy脑病；autistic物人状态”。11.Urgentmeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthe______ofthedisease.（分数：2.00）A.distributionB.disseminationC.dispersion√D.dissipation解析：解析：题干：应采取紧急措施来控制此疾病的扩散。dissemination(信息或知识的散布、传播；distribution分发，分配；dispersion()dissipation消散，驱散。12.Overdoseofsleepingpillscanbe______sotheprescriptionofthemislimited.（分数：2.00）A.deadlyB.fatalC.lethal√D.hazardlethal致死的，其他三项都不如C严重，因为lethal确指“死亡”，而其他问除“死亡”外还可指“严重”，会有歧义。13.Majorhealthsystemsactasspecializedhospitals______patientsarereferredforsophisticatedtherapy.（分数：2.00）A.towhich√B.inwhichC.atwhichD.inthat解析：解析：题干：主要医疗系统有专科医院的功能，病人可通过这些系统获得综合治疗。此处为介词to提前的定语从句。14.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：15.Itwouldbewildlyoptimistictobelievethattheseadvancesoffsetsuchalargereductioninfarmland.（分数：2.00）A.takeinB.makeup√C.cutdownD.bringaboutmakeup弥补，takein吸收，理解；cutdown砍倒，削减；bringabout使发生，致使。根据题意，B为正确选项。16.Tobeginwith,itisimpossibletocomeupwithasatisfactorydefinitionofwhatconstituteshappyandunhappymarriage.（分数：2.00）A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose√解析：解析：题干：首先，要给出婚姻幸福与否一个令人满意的定义是不可能的。propose主张，得出；explain解释；oppose反对，使对立；represent表现，描绘。根据题意，B为正确选项。17.Politiciansoftenuseemotionalratherthanrationalargumentstowinthesupportfortheiractionsandideas.（分数：2.00）A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable√解析：解析：题干：政客经常用感性的而不是理性的辩论赢得人们对他们行为和思想的支持。reasonable合理的，有道理的；applicable可应用的；favorable赞成的，讨人喜欢的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的。根据题意，D为正确选项。18.Testsareonewayforateachertoassesshowmuchastudenthaslearned.（分数：2.00）A.observeB.appraise√C.appreciateD.induce解析：解析：题干：测试是评估学生学习成果的一种方式。assess估定，评定；appraise评价；observe观察，遵守；appreciateinduce劝诱，促使。根据题意，B为正确选项。19.Throughlivetelevision,theworldisnowabletowitnesshistoricaleventsastheyhappen.（分数：2.00）A.reserveB.confirmC.perceive√D.transmitwitnessperceivereserveconfirmtransmit传输，传播。根据题意，C为正确选项。20.Mostexpertssaythatthenewtaxplanwillhaveanegligibleeffectonthecountry'seconomicproblems.（分数：2.00）A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant√negligible可以忽略的；insignificant无关紧要的；indefinite模糊的，不确定的；indispensable不可缺少的；infinite无穷的，无限的。根据题干，D为正确选项。21.Idon'tknowhowyoucouldhaveleftoutthemostimportantfactofall.（分数：2.00）A.omitted√B.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embracedleaveout遗漏；omitfabricate伪造，虚构；pinpointembrace拥抱。根据题干，A为正确选项。22.Familyandculturalbeliefsandnormsareimportantpredictorsofhealth-seekingbehavior.（分数：2.00）A.formulationsB.standards√C.principlesD.notions解析：解析：题干：家庭和文化信仰与规范是追求健康生活方式的重要指标。standard和norm都有“标准，规范”的意思。formulation用公式表示，明确地表达；notion概念，观念。根据题意，B为正确选项。23.Theremustbeasystematicapproachtoretrievingnotesandanalyzingthem.（分数：2.00）A.regaining√B.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying解析：解析：题干：肯定有一个系统的方式来回收票据并进行分析。regain重新得到，找回；relieve减轻，解除；reverse颠倒，倒转；rectify矫正，调整。根据题意，A为正确选项。24.Tostudythedistributionofdiseasewithinanarea,itisusefultoplotthecasesonamap.（分数：2.00）A.markB.allocate√C.eraseD.pose解析：解析：题干：要研究地区内疾病的分布情况，在地图上定位病例的位置是很有用的。plot划分，策划；allocate分派，分配；mark做标记于，打分数；pose摆好姿势，形成。根据题干，B为正确选项。Exerciseisgoodforpeople,butmostpeoplereallyknowverylittleabouthowtoexerciseproperly.Sowhenyoutry,youmayrunintotrouble.ManypeopleC1】______thatwhenspecificmusclesareexercised,thefatintheneighbouringareais"burnedup".Yet______isthatexerciseburnsfatfromalloverthebody.StudiesshowmuscleswhicharenotC3______losetheirstrengthveryquickly.Toregainitneeds48to72hoursandexerciseeveryotherdaywillkeepanormallevelofphysicalstrength.ToC4______weightyoushouldalways"workupagoodsweat"whenexercising.Nosweatingonly【C5】______bodytemperaturetopreventoverheating.Thisisnothingbutwaterloss.【C6】______youreplacetheliquid,youreplacetheweight.Walkingisthebestandeasy-to-doexercise.Ithelpsthecirculationofbloodthroughoutthehasadirect【C7】______onyouroverallfeelingofhealth.Experiencesaysthat20minutes'exerciseadayisminimumamount.【C8】______yourbreathingdoesn'treturntonormalstatewithinminutesafteryoufinish【C9】______.you'vedone【C10______.20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.understandB.believeC.hope√D.know解析：解析：“希望邻近的脂肪消耗掉”，在此符合语境；understand和know不合逻辑，因为若已“明白”，就不会不符合事实真相；believe表示的是人的—种看法，而看法则有对有错。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.replyB.possibilityC.truth√D.reason解析：解析：truth本意为“真理”，此处引申为“事实”，指实际锻炼时脂肪消耗的情形。其余各项不合文意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.exercised√B.examinedC.protectedD.cured解析：解析：根据常识可知，不锻炼的肌肉会很快丧失力量。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.lose√B.gainC.keepD.burn解析：解析：本句意思是“为了体重，人们应该通过锻炼来出汗”。空格处显然应该是“减少”。而不是“增加”或“保持”，更不可能是“燃烧”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.raisesB.reduces√C.destroysD.keepsup解析：解析：根据topreventoverheating可知，sweating的作用是降低体温。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.WhileB.Once√C.AsD.Whenever解析：解析：意思是“一旦”，引导时间状语从句，余者不合文意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.effect√B.useC.usageD.affect解析：解析：haveeffecton“对……产生影响”，合乎文意，也合乎搭配。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.Butif√B.ButC.IfD.Andif解析：解析：与上一句中minimumamountif引导条件句。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.workingB.walkingC.exercising√D.breathing解析：解析：本节是上一节内容的继续，论述的仍是“锻炼”。walking不能概括全面。(10).C10】（分数：2.00）A.enoughB.muchC.toomuch√D.muchtoo解析：解析：指出原因为“(运动)过量”。enoughmuchmuchtoo表示“太”。Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit."AmIinthis?"heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,"Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief."Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.The"ignorantnatives"mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssought"pure"picturesof"primitive"cultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915—eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassuretoconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonly"kindly"visionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionof"anidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict."LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalotShereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceoffanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.10.00）(1).What'sthemainideaofthepassage?2.00）A.PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners'perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.√B.ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.C.PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.D.Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.解析：解析：从文章中可以看出西方的媒体，为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理，为了不与西方读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突，在他们拍摄的照片中，并不是真正客观公正地反映经济发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常有意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至摆布照片中的主人公，以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的，经济不发达的，有异域风情的，相对地没有痛苦和阶级冲突的经济落后社会的画面。的默契。(2).Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften______.分数：2.00）A.tookpictureswiththenativesB.gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands√C.askedforpicturesfromthenativesD.gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses解析：解析：文章第二段第二句说：“Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable，scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelersexaggeratedaccounts．”意思是：当照相术开始成为可能的时候，科学家们欢迎它，相对于早期旅游者夸大其辞的描述，科学家把摄影术当做是对遥远社会的一种更客观的记录。(3).TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato______.（分数：2.00）A.showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.B.illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.√C.showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.D.showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.解析：解析：用电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是来自原始社会的人，不知道相机为何物，对此产生恐惧感和误解。(4)."Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback."Inthissentence,the"oneculturethatstaresback"refersto______.2.00）A.theindigenousculture√B.theWesterncultureC.theacademiccultureD.thenewsbusinessculture并不是完全真实客观的那些原始土著人们的写照。(5).WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?（分数：2.00）A.ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.B.TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.C.Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.√D.PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.解析：解析：CatherineLutz是1993年出版的ReadingNationalGeographic的之一。她们在书中1888年创刊以来，就一直保持一种习惯，即只刊登那些不和美国中产阶级白CTheWesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties(西方媒体并没有展现落后地区的真实画面)最能表现该的观点。Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning."Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It'sreallyapoison,"saidStevenSchandler,professorofpsychologyatChapmanUniversityandchiefofaddictionresearchattheLongBeachVeteransAffairsHealthCareSystem,whoaddedthatbingedrinkingcanleadtoalcoholpoisoning."Becauseit'sapoison,likeanyotherpoison,ifyoutakeinalittlebit,youmighttolerateit,butifyoutakeinalot,youmightdie."Administratorsanddoctorssaythatcollegefreshmenareespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoning,inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.Butproblemswithalcoholaren'tlimitedtoteenagersandyoungadults.A39-year-oldBuenaParkmanrecentlyrecalledthattwodaysofsteadyimbibingonatriptoLasVegasseveralyearsagolefthiminbadshape.Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.Alcoholicshavehigherlimits.Althoughnotwellunderstood,enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore,Schandlersaid.Regardlessofaperson'stolerance,alcoholexertsitsinfluencewhentheamountofalcoholtakeninexceedstheamountthatthebodycandigest.Atthatpoint,alcoholpassesfromthebloodstreamintothebrainandbeginsitsattack.Alcoholfirstaffectsthebrain'scortex,whichcontrolsmoresophisticatedthoughtprocesses.That'swhypeoplegenerallybecomelessinhibitedundertheinfluenceofalcohol,andsomearemorewillingtotrythingsthatcouldbedangeroustothemselvesorothers.Coordination,mainlycontrolledbythecerebellum,isthenexttogo,leadingtoslurredspeechanddifficultywalkinginastraightline.Asexcessivedrinkingcontinues,alcoholmovesdeeperintothebrainuntil"itgetstotheverybasicstructureofthebrainstemthataffectsthingslikerespirationandheartbeat,"saidDr.BretGinther,anassistantclinicalprofessorofemergencymedicineatUCIrvine.Atthatpoint,peoplemaypassoutorfallintoacoma.Theirvitalsignsmayweaken."Themostcommoncauseofdeathfromalcoholpoisoningisrespiratoryarrest,"saidGinther.Eventually,theheartsimplystops.Gettingtothatpointisfairlyunusual.ButGinthersaidthatatleastonceortwiceamonth,patientsarebroughtintotheemergencyroomatUCIMedicalCenterinOrangesufferingfromalcoholpoisoning.Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.Manycollegestrytoeducatestudents,especiallythosecaughtdrinkingillegallyorcausingdisruptions.TheHigherEducationCenterforAlcoholandOtherDrugPreventioninNewton,Mass,advocatesacommunity-basedapproachthatincludesadministrators,faculty,policeandbusinessesinthefighttocurbbingedrinking,inpartbybeingonalertforpeopleabusingalcohol.Thecenteralsostressestheimportanceofparentalguidanceandurgesparentstohavefrankdiscussionswiththeirchildrenaboutexcessivedrinking.10.00）(1).Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat"bingedrinking"is______.（分数：2.00）A.anexcessiveconsumptionofalcohol√B.drinkingoneselfintoacomaC.drinkingpoisonousalcoholD.akindofillegaldrinking______。猜词题。根据全文的意思，很容易得出“bingedrinking”的意思为“过度饮酒”。故答案为A。(2).Whyarecollegefreshmenespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoningaccordingtoadministratorsanddoctors?（分数：2.00）A.Theirbodiesarenotusedtoalcohol.B.Theycannotrefrainthemselves.C.Theyareundergreaterpressure.D.BothAandB√解析：解析：细节题。根据学校管理者和医生的说法，为什么大学新生饮酒中毒的风险更大?答案在文中第五段。大学新生饮酒更易中毒的原因有两方面：一是大一新生心智还不成熟，不能很好地控制自己；二是大一新生刚开始喝酒，身体对酒精的适应能力还有限。故答案为D。(3).Whatcanenzymesdowhenoneisdrunk?2.00）A.Theyhelpdrunkenpeoplesurvivewhentheytakeinmorealcoholthantolerable.B.Theyhelppeopleincomaregainconsciousness.C.Theyexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneys.√D.Theycanmakepeoplestayconscious.解析：解析：喝醉了之后，生化酶有什么作用?细节题。答案在文中第七段倒数第二行：酶能分解并排出肝脏和肾里的酒精。故答案为。(4).WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Collegeofficialsareawareoftheseriousnessofstudents'bingedrinkingbutcannotdoanything.B.Collegeofficialsaretakingmeasurestopreventbingedrinkingthoughwithoutmuchsuccess.√C.Collegeofficialsthinkthattheydonothaveanymethodstostopstudentsfromdrinking.D.Collegeofficialsjuststandbywithoutdoinganythingtotheproblem.解析：解析：下面哪一项是正确的?细节题。答案在文中最后一段：大学行政人员一直在采取种种措施去遏制大学生过度饮酒的问题，但收效甚微。选项A，CD都含有大学行政人员没有采取任何措施的意思，显然是错误的。故答案为B。(5).Bingedrinkingmaymostseriouslyleadto______.2.00）A.death√B.crazinessC.disabilityD.unconsciousness解析：解析：过度饮酒严重时将导致______。细节题。答案在文中第七段前两行：当人体血液中的酒精含量达到4％时，就有可能对人体产生致命影响。故答案为。Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today'speopleespeciallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren'tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we'veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,"saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients-notably,protein-tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight-5'9"formen,5'4"forwomen-hasn'treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs."Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,"saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon'texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsays