名词性从句 【考点打靶+定向训练】高考英语二轮复习新题型满分攻略

名词性从句目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解读 1二、命题分析预测 1三、考点必备知识通关 1四、重难点突破 8五、考法解题能力提升 12六、精选考点题型专练 13一、考情解读1.理解名词性从句与定语从句的联系与区别。2.掌握名词性从句的分类、区别与共性。3.掌握引导词在名词性从句中用法的共性与差异。二、命题分析预测1.高考对名词性从句的考查主要集中在宾语从句上。2.对名词性从句引导词的考查主要集中在that,who,what,if/whether,wh-ever等的选用上。三、考点必备知识通关考点1名词性从句的共性名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,在复合句中担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。按其句法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词主要有以下几类:宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句动词宾语介词宾语从属连词that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用(that不表示任何含义,whether/if表"是否")√(可省略)√(不可省略)√(不可省略)√(不可省略)√(不可省略)whether√√√√√if√(discuss后不可用)×√(it作形式主语时可用)××asif×××√×because×××√×连接代词who(ever),what(ever),which(ever),whose,whom(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语√√√(一般不用wh-ever连接词引导)连接副词when,how,where,why在从句中作状语√√√√√特别提醒that和whether/if在名词性从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用,区别在于:►Weshouldkeepinmindthattherearen'tanyshortcutstolearning.我们应当牢记学习没有任何捷径。►Wehaveofferedherthejob,butIdon'tknowwhether/ifshewillaccept.我们已经给她提供了工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing_______youareafraidtodo.

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:振作起来。勇气是做你害怕做的事。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作do的宾语,表示"……的事情",故填what。Unfortunately,Imissedthiseventforthereason_______Ihadtogoandvisitmygrandma'shouseinstead.

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:很不幸的是,我错过了这次活动,因为我得去我奶奶家。分析句子结构及语境可知,"_______Ihadto...instead"用来说明reason的具体内容,空处引导同位语从句,且从句中不缺任何成分,故填that。考点2宾语从句的特殊用法宾语从句通常用于以下三种句型:知识1动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法1.doubt+宾语从句►Idon'tdoubtthattheplanispractical,butIdoubtwhether/ifhecanstickwiththeplanuntilit'sfinished.我不怀疑这个计划的可行性,但是我怀疑他能否坚持执行下去,直到计划完成。

2.表示"建议、要求、命令等"的动词+that从句(从句谓语用"should+动词原形",should可省略)。常见的这类词有:suggest/advise(建议),demand(强烈要求),order(要求,命令),insist(坚决要求),request(要求)等。►Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后擦黑板。►Thebossorderedthatthetask(should)becompletedbynoon.老板要求(我们)中午之前完成任务。3.形式宾语it代替宾语从句(1)find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+宾补+that从句►Ithinkitnecessarythatwedrinkplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。(2)hate/like/appreciate/dependon等+it+宾语从句►Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们嘴里满含食物时说话。知识2介词后接宾语从句的用法一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。►He'lltalktousaboutwhathappenedintheclassroom.他将给我们讲述教室里发生的事情。Noweveryholiday,wedecorateourroomwithGee'streasuresandTom'sletter,remindingourselvesof_______itmeanstobeaneighbor.

【解析】此处表示:提醒我们自己做邻居意味着什么。分析句子结构可知,介词of后接宾语从句,空处应填宾语从句的引导词,且在从句中作means的宾语,表示"什么",故填what。拓展延伸in,but,except等少数介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句,但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配,如:inthat(因为),butthat(要不是),exceptthat(除了)。►Thehighincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.个人所得税高是有害的,因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱。

►Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim.若不是你帮助他,他就失败了。

►Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.除了知道他住在这儿之外,我对他一无所知。知识3形容词后接宾语从句的用法表示情感或态度的形容词后可接宾语从句。常见的这类词有:afraid,certain,glad,pleased,sure,surprised,sorry,happy等。►I'mveryglad/pleasedthatallofyourfamilywillcome.我很高兴你们全家都会来。特别提醒besure后接宾语从句时连接词的选择:1.besure(用于肯定句或疑问句)+that从句。►Areyousurethatwe'llhaveapicnicthisweekend?你确定我们本周末举行野餐吗?2.besure(用于否定句)+whether/if从句。►IamnotsurewhetherIshouldwritetohimornot.我不确定应不应该给他写信。【注意】宾语从句的时态详见第91页难点2"时态呼应"知识4宾语从句引导词that不可省的情况that引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但在有些情况下不可以省略。特殊情况例句当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时Theysharelittleincommonexceptthattheyarefromthesamecountry.除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,其他的that不可省略Ibelieve(that)you'vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况会好转的。当it作形式宾语,that引导的从句作真正的宾语时Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他不会屈服的,他已经表明了这一点。当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或that与从句主语之间有插入语时Heannounced,believeitornot,thathewouldneverforgiveher.信不信由你,他郑重地说他永远不会原谅她。考点3主语从句的特殊用法知识1it作形式主语的句型详见"it作形式主语"中(6)(7)(8)的用法通关秘籍如何判断形式主语it是否代替主语从句?解题时可用"还原法",即把从句调到句首,去掉句首的It,再加上句子剩余成分。如果新句子意思不变,合乎逻辑,则该从句为主语从句,否则为其他从句或结构。►It'snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我们队赢了这场比赛并不奇怪。按"还原法"该句可改为"Thatourteamhaswonthegameisnosurprise.",新句子意思不变、通顺且合乎逻辑,故可判断原句中It作形式主语,代替that引导的主语从句。What'smore,itissurprising_______thewholeparkand

facilitieshavebeendesignedtobeusedforfree.【解析】题干中it作形式主语,设空处引导主语从句,从句结构完整,故填that。知识2从句作主语时,句子谓语动词的单复数问题1.从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。►Whoheisdoesn'tconcernme.他是谁与我无关。►Thatyouwillhaveanansweriscertain.你能得到答复,这是肯定的。2.what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。►Whatshesaidiswrong.她所说的是错误的。►Whatweneedarebooks.我们所需要的是书籍。考点4表语从句的特殊用法知识1表语从句的特殊连接词1.asif/asthough。asif/asthough意为"好像,仿佛",其引导的表语从句常位于系动词之后,从句有时用虚拟语气。►Ifeltasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感觉好像我们已经互相认识多年了。(虚拟语气)►Shelooksasifshehasbeenworkinghardforalongtime.她看起来好像已经努力工作了很长时间。(陈述语气)2.because。because引导的表语从句常用于"This/That/Itis+because从句."句式中。►Iwaslatefortheappointment.ThatwasbecauseImetwithanoldfriendontheway.我约会迟到了,那是因为我在路上碰到了一位老朋友。知识2表语从句的三个易混句式句式用法例句This/Thatiswhy+结果.意为"这/那就是……的原因",why引导表语从句。That'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我想要你在那儿工作的原因。This/That/Itisbecause+原因.意为"这/那是因为……",because引导表语从句。It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。Thereasonwhy…isthat…意为"……的原因是……",why引导定语从句(修饰先行词reason),that引导表语从句。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisthatitwasrainingheavily.他没有来的原因是(当时)雨下得很大。Thereason_______hewaslateforclassis_______hedidn'tcatchtheearlybus.

【解析】本题考查的是"Thereasonwhy…isthat…"句式。第一空处,why在此引导定语从句并在从句中作原因状语,从句修饰先行词reason;第二空处,that在此引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。故填why;that。【注意】主语为名词reason,表语从句用that引导,常构成"Thereason(why...)isthat..."句式。考点5同位语从句的特殊用法知识1同位语从句前名词的特殊性同位语从句前的名词通常是fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等表示抽象意义的名词,同位语从句用于对这些名词作进一步的解释或说明。►Shehastofaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必须正视自己不再年轻这一事实。►Thequestionwhetherhewilljoinusisveryimportant.他是否会加入我们这个问题很重要。知识2分割式同位语从句有时主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句内容较长,为避免"头重脚轻",常常将谓语部分提到从句前面,形成分隔式同位语从句。►MywishwillcometrueonedaythatIshouldbuyabighouseformyparents.我要给父母买一套大房子的愿望总有一天会实现。►Wordcamethatourschoolhadwonfirstprizeinthefinal.消息传来说,我们学校已经在决赛中获得了一等奖。Thenewsspreadquicklyallovertheworld_______MichaelSchumachercametolifeafterhisbeingseriouslyinjuredfor5years.

【解析】句意:迈克尔·舒马赫在受重伤5年后苏醒过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句是Thenews的具体内容,是同位语从句,且从句不缺少成分,意思完整,故填that。四、重难点突破难点1名词性从句的易混1.that与what引导名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分,也没有含义;what在从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意思是"什么,……的事情,什么样的"。►Thathefailedinthetestagainreallypuzzledus.他又一次没通过考试,这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分,不可以省略)►Thesephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.这些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语)►Wehaven'tdecidedwhatmeasuresweshouldtaketodealwiththenoiseproblem.我们还没有决定应该采取什么措施来解决噪声问题。(what在宾语从句中作定语)Contraryto_______manypeoplethink,HIVcannotbetransmittedthroughmosquitoes,coughsorsneezes.

【解析】句意:与许多人的想法相反,艾滋病病毒不能通过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作think的宾语,表示"……的事情",故用what。2.wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别连接词what,which,who分别表示"……的东西或事情""哪一个""谁",指具体的人或物;而whatever,whichever,whoever分别相当于anythingthat,any...that,anyonewho,意为"任何……",强调一切情况。试比较:►Whathesaidwasright.他说的是对的。►Whateverhesaidwasright.他无论说什么都是对的。_______willcometohelpwithmyEnglishhasn'tbeendecided.

【解析】句意:谁要来帮我学英语还没有决定。根据语境可知,此处有疑问含义,表示"谁",故用who引导主语从句,who在从句中作主语。故填Who。突破攻略如何判断用wh-还是用wh-ever引导名词性从句?做题时,我们要认真分析语境,看看句子要表达什么意思,如果表示任何一个人或事物,不在意具体对象,无范围可言,就用wh-ever;如果有疑问的含义,且指的是具体的人或物,就用wh-。上题中,显然"帮助我学英语的人"是具体的人,且有疑问含义,所以用who。3.引导名词性从句用whether而不用if的情况whether/if引导宾语从句表示"是否"时,一般情况下可互换,但在有些情况下只用whether而不用if引导名词性从句:特殊情况例句引导主语从句且从句置于句首时Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontimedependsontheweather.运动会是否会按时举行取决于天气。引导表语从句时Thequestioniswhetherourteamwillwinthegame.问题是我们队能否赢得比赛。引导同位语从句时Ihavenoideawhetherheiswillingtohelpus.我不知道他是否愿意帮我们。作介词的宾语时Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。作discuss的宾语时Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldclosetheshoprightnow.我们在讨论是否应立即关闭店铺。与ornot直接连用时(不直接连用时,whether和if可互换)Idon'tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.=Idon'tknowwhether/iftheywillcomeornot.我不知道他们是否会来。特别提醒whether后直接接不定式时,不能用if替换。►Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能告诉我是走还是留吗?Wehaven'tsettledthequestionof_______itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.

【解析】根据语境可知,空处应用表示"是否"的if或whether引导宾语从句,但是空处引导的从句作介词的宾语,故用whether,不用if。故填whether。难点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别◉区别1从句的作用►WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinHainan.听到我们将在海南度暑假的消息,我们非常高兴。►NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday.我俩对约翰昨天告诉我们的消息都不感兴趣。同位语从句从句既"说明、解释"前面的词,又"等同"前面的词定语从句从句"修饰、限定"先行词,关系词"替代"先行词,在从句中充当成分。◉区别2that的作用►Thenewsthathegaveitupsurprisedus.他放弃了它这个消息让我们很吃惊。►Thenews(that)hetoldmesurprisedme.他告诉我的消息让我吃惊。◉区别3从句前面的词同位语从句从句中that为连接词,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,一般不能省略。定语从句从句中that为关系代词,在从句中充当句子成分,可作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时常可省略。同位语从句从句用来解释、说明的词有限,大多是表示抽象概念的名词,如fact,idea,promise,news,thought等。定语从句从句所修饰、限定的名词没有限制,既可指人,又可指物。通关秘籍如何判断that引导的从句是否为同位语从句可以运用"试加法",即在相关名词和从句之间加系动词be,使相关名词和从句构成一个新的句子。如果新句子通顺、合乎逻辑,那么该从句就是同位语从句,否则就是其他从句。►Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonthefootballmatch.我们听说了我们队已赢得这场足球比赛的消息。根据"试加法",名词和从句部分可改写为"Thenewswasthatourteamhadwonthefootballmatch.",改写后的句子通顺、合乎逻辑,故that引导的是同位语从句。考法考查名词性从句的连接词五、考法解题能力提升考法考查名词性从句的连接词命题透视对于名词性从句,高考通常考查其连接词的选取:近五年高考语法填空中考查了who/what引导的宾语从句、that引导的同位语从句和that引导的主语从句。方法点拨分析从句成分,根据"缺啥补啥,啥都不缺用that"的原则来选取连接词:1.若从句中缺成分,要分析具体缺什么:2.若从句中不缺成分,连接词从that,whether/if中选择(that无意义,whether/if意为"是否")。Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence_______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.【解析】句意:虽然它们(北极熊)在北纬88度以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们的活动范围遍及整个北极,甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。结合句意可知,句中While引导让步状语从句,thereisevidence...为主句,主句中的theyrangealltheway...inCanada是对名词evidence的解释,从句不缺成分且句意完整,故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.

【解析】句意:我们选择这家宾馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它过去要价的一半。分析句子结构可知,halfof...作$20的同位语,空处在此引导宾语从句,从句作介词of的宾语,且引导词在从句中作charge的宾语,因此填what。Itispossible_______caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.

【解析】句意:咖啡因可能也会导致人类的先天缺陷。分析句子结构可知,It在此作形式主语,空处引导的从句作真正的主语,从句意思完整,且不缺成分,因此应用that引导。故填that。考法总结It在此处作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,主语从句较长,因而后置。解答此类题的关键是熟悉it作形式主语和形式宾语的常见句型。六、精选考点题型专练1.Afteratypicallydrysummer,Californiaisheadingintonormallyisthemostdangeroustimeforwildfireswhenfallcomes.

2.makestheHarbinfestivalspecialarethescaleandsizeofthesculpturesandthebeautifullighting.

3.Takingagapyearbeforeyoumoveintofurthereducationoffersyouachancetolearnnewcrafts,andgivesyoutimetoreflectonuniversityisrightforyou.

4.Itisexpectedover100,000peoplewilltakepartinthemassiveparadeatBeijing’sTian’anmenSquareonthemorningofOct1.

5.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessoncouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

6.Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?...Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.

7.I’mnotsureismorefrightened,

meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.8.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichiswearrived.

9.SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmitted10.Andthat’sreallymakesthewholejourneysomuchfun.

11.Recentlyresearchershavecometotheconclusionsingingingroupscouldhaveapositiveimpactonreducinganxietyanddepression.

12.Oliversaysifyou’reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.

13.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.

14.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.

15.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.

16.Asharkthatwalksinwaterinsteadofswimmingmightsoundlikeacreaturestraightoutofasciencefictionfilm.However,thatisexactlyfournewspeciesofsharksmoveacrosstheseafloor.

17.Awidelyheldbelief,asprovedbypractice,afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducespeople’schancesofattainingrealhappiness.

18.Withmaths,there’sarightorwronganswerandthat’speoplecanfeelsoanxious—beingscaredoflookingfoolish.

19.Thecommercializationof5Gtechnologyhasjuststarted,anditcaneventuallybenefitpeopleworldwidedependsonmanyunpredictablefactors.

20.TheGreenRevolutionisagoodexampleoftechnologicaladvancescanhaveagreateffectoneconomicdevelopment.

A专项语篇型填空(名词性从句)Experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyinlife;wechoose1webelieveand2welookatthethingsandpeoplearoundusbasedonallourexperiencesinlife.Despitethefact3mostthingsinlifearethewaytheyare,weallhavedifferentopinionsabouteverythingandeverybody.Otherpeoplehaveopinionsaboutusaswell.But4reallymattersistheopinionwehaveaboutourselves.Youcanchoosetoacceptandfollowwhatotherpeoplebelieve,butyoucanalsodecide5youwanttobecomeyourselfandliveaccordingtotherealityoflife.

Bylivinglifeasitisandbeingyourself,youcreateanimageabout6youvaluemostand7youadmiremost.Youshouldremember8importantitistobeyourself.Theimagethaty