PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish 用的实用学习课件

PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish用的实用学习课件第1页/共281页AimsTolearnthehistoryofEnglishToknowhowtomakegoodconversationTolearnthedifferencebetweenwrittenandspokenEnglishToappreciatethelanguagefeatures第2页/共281页TeachingContents1.Backgroundinformation2.Textanalysis3.Detailedstudy:Vocabularyandstructure,paraphrase4.Stylisticfeatures&Rhetoricaldevices5.Exercises第3页/共281页ProceduresPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingPre-readingQuestionsBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextExercisesAdvancedEnglish第4页/共281页Warm-up1.Whatislanguage?2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenhumanlanguageandanimallanguage?

第5页/共281页Answers

1.Language—isasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.--system:elementsarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules,canbelearnedandusedconsistently.--arbitrary:nointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthething.Differentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesamething.--symbolic:wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actionsandideasbyconventions.--vocal:theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,nomatterhowwelldevelopedaretheirwritingsystems.第6页/共281页2.Differences

HumanlanguageAnimallanguageduality(双重性)structureofsounds&meanings只有简单的声音系统productivity(创造性)aspeaker’sabilitytostringtogetherdiscreteunitstoformaninfinitesetof“well-formed”novelsentences只有几个有限的信号displacement(位移性)refertothingswhicharenotpresent;动物只能谈论当前的事物realorimaginedinthepast,present,future,infarawayplacesinterchangeability(替换性)bothaproducerandareceiver,all雄性能产生的信号雌性不能产生memberscanproduceandunderstandthesamemessagedistinctive(区分性)Languagecanbedissectedintosingle不能区分成单个成分，unitswithobviousboundaries一个连续体languagecanbeusedtodeceive

不会用声音欺骗自己的同类第7页/共281页BackgroundInformation

TheHistoryofBritain1.ThenativepeopleinBritain---Celt(language)2.RomanConquest43AD,ruledfor400yearsLatin(language)第8页/共281页BackgroundInformation3.In449,Angles,Saxon,andJutesfromNorthwestofGermany,conqueredthemostpartofEnglandEnglish---

oldEnglish4.9thcentury,ScandinavianconquestDanish(language)第9页/共281页BackgroundInformation5.11thcenturyNormanConquestfor400yearsFrench(language)

MiddleEnglish6.Britishpeopleconqueredtheconquestagain.Englishwonitsrecognition.

ModernEnglish7.AmericanEnglishhasbecomethedominantworldvariety.第10页/共281页HistoryofEnglish第11页/共281页TheSevenAgesofEnglish1. Pre-Englishperiod(—C.AD450)ThelocallanguagesinBritainwereCeltic.AftertheRomaninvasioninc.55BCLatinbecamethedominantlanguageofcultureandgovernment.ManycommunitiesinBritainwerebilingual:Celtic-Latin.EnglishbeganasawestGermaniclanguagewhichwasbroughttoEnglandbytheSaxonsaround400A.D.OldEnglishwasthespokenandwrittenlanguageofEnglandbetween400and1100A.D.第12页/共281页2. EarlyOldEnglish(450—C.850)Anglo-SaxonsinvadedBritaininC.AD499whenRomansleft.SettlersbroughtavarietyofGermanicdialectsfrommainlandEurope.FirstEnglishliteratureappearedinC.AD700.EnglishborrowedmanywordsfromLatinviathechurch.第13页/共281页3. LaterOldEnglish(C.850—1100)TherewereextensiveinvasionsandsettlementsfromScandinavia.Inthe9thand10thcenturies,whenVikingsinvadedEngland,OldNorsewords,e.g.sky,takeand

get

andmanyplacenames,enteredthelanguage.InthenorthofEnglanddialectsofEnglishbecamestronglyinfluencedbyScandinavianlanguages.InthesouthKingAlfredarrangedformanyLatintextstobetranslated.第14页/共281页4.MiddleEnglish(C.1100—1450)FromtheNormanConquest(1066)untilthelate12thcenturyEnglishwasreplacedastheofficiallanguagebyNormanFrench,thoughEnglishwasstillusedbythelowerclasses.EnglishvocabularyandspellingwerenowaffectedbyFrench,whichbecametheofficiallanguageofEngland.EducatedEnglishpeopleweretrilingual:French,Latin,andEnglish.第15页/共281页5.EarlyModernEnglish(C.1450—1750)ThisageincludestheRenaissance,theElizabethaneraandShakespeare.Theroleofthechurch,ofLatinandofFrenchdeclinedandEnglishbecamealanguageofscienceandgovernment.Britaingrewcommerciallyandacquiredoverseascolonies.EnglishwastakentoAmerica,Australia,andIndia.SlavetradecarriedblackspeakersofAfricanlanguagestoCaribbeanandAmerica,givingrisetoEnglishCreoles.Englishacquiredatypographicidentitywiththeriseofprinting.Thereweremanyattemptsto"standardizeandfix"thelanguagewithdictionariesandgrammars.第16页/共281页LiteraturebeganagaintobewritteninEnglishduringthisperiod.OneofthemostfamousMiddleEnglishworksisChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales.第17页/共281页TheDevelopmentofModernEnglish

ModernEnglishdevelopedfromtheMiddleEnglishdialectoftheEastMidlandsandwasinfluencedbytheEnglishusedinLondon,whereaprintingpresswassetupbyWilliamCaxtonin1476.Englishchangedagreatdealfromthistimeuntiltheendofthe18thcentury.DuringtheRenaissance,manywordswereintroducedfromGreekandLatintoexpressnewideas,especiallyinscience,medicineandphilosophy.Theyincluded

physics,species,architecture,encyclopediaandhypothesis.Inthe16thcenturyseveralversionsoftheBiblehelpedbringwrittenEnglishtoordinarypeople.TheElizabethanperiodisalsofamousforitsdrama,andShakespeare’splayswereseenbymanypeople.第18页/共281页Inthe16thcenturyseveralversionsoftheBiblehelpedbringwrittenEnglishtoordinarypeople.TheElizabethanperiodisalsofamousforitsdrama,and

Shakespeare’splayswereseenbymanypeople.第19页/共281页Thedevelopmentofprintinghelpedestablishstandardsofspellingandgrammar,butthereremainedalotofvariation.

SamuelJohnson’s

ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage

(1755)wasthefirstauthoritativetreatmentofEnglish.Itdefinedabout40,000wordsandgaveexamplesoftheiruse.第20页/共281页6. ModernEnglish(1750—1950)BritainexperiencedIndustrialRevolution,andconsolidatedimperialpower,introducingEnglishmediumeducationinmanypartsoftheworld.Englishbecametheinternationallanguageofadvertisingandconsumerism.第21页/共281页Bythe18thcenturyAmericanEnglishwasestablishedanddevelopingindependentlyfromBritishEnglish.AftercolonistsarrivedintheUSnewwordsbegantobeaddedfromNativeAmericanlanguages,andfromFrenchandSpanish.In1783,soonafterJohnson’sdictionarywaspublished,NoahWebster’s

TheElementarySpellingBook

waspublishedintheUS.AtfirstitusedJohnson’sspellings,butlatereditionscontainedmanyofwhathavecometobeknownasAmericanspellings,e.g.harborandfavorite.第22页/共281页7.LateModernEnglish(1950—)BritainhasretreatedfromEmpire.NewstandardizedvarietiesofEnglishhaveemergedinnewlyindependentcountries.Englishhasbecometheinternationallanguageofcommunicationtechnology.AmericanEnglishhasbecomethedominantworldvariety.Thedifferentpeople,languagesandterritoriesinvolvedintheearlyEnglishperiodarereferredtobyabewilderingvarietyofnames.第23页/共281页LateModernEnglish(1950—)Thisispartlybecausehistoriansarenotverysureexactlywhowaswho,sotheyusedifferenttermstodescribethem.ButthereweregenuinelymanydifferentpeoplesandlanguagevarietieswhichcontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglishandwhichweregivendifferentnamesbyspeakersofdifferentlanguages.Indeed,thenamesusedtodescribepeople,placesandlanguagesoftenreflecttheviewpointfromwhichthestoryistold.(Graddol1996:41,98)第24页/共281页20thCenturyEnglish

Duringthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanydictionariesandbooksaboutlanguagewerepublished.NewwordsarestillbeingaddedtoEnglishfromotherlanguages,includingChinese(fengshui)andJapanese(karaoke).Existingwordsgainnewsenses,andnewexpressionsspreadquicklythroughtelevisionandtheInternet.第25页/共281页Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries.AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveawayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity.第26页/共281页Questions1.WhatdoyouknowaboutBritishPub?2.Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofvisitingapubormakingpubfriends?第27页/共281页ABritishPubApublichouse,informallyknownasapub,isa

drinkingestablishment

licensedtoserve

alcoholicdrinks

forconsumption

onthepremises

incountriesandregionsofBritishinfluence(wine)bar,inn,tavern,hostelry,taproom,roadhouse,freehouse,local,boozer第28页/共281页ABritishPubAlongthebankofThames第29页/共281页第30页/共281页BritishPubYouhavetobe18yearsoldtoorderadrinkinapub.Somepubswillallowpeopleover14yearsoldtogoinsideiftheyarewithsomeonewhoisover18,buttheyarenotallowedtogotothebarortohaveanalcoholicdrink.第31页/共281页第32页/共281页BritishPubOpen:SUMMER:Mon-Sat:12-11;Sun:12-10:30;WINTER:Mon-Sat:5-11;Sun:12-10:30

第33页/共281页BritishPubMostpubshavenowaiters--youhavetogotothebartobuydrinks.Agroupofyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown.Thismaysoundinconvenient,butthereisahiddenpurpose.第34页/共281页BritishPubPubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormalbehavior.第35页/共281页BritishPubPubs,besidesofferingdrinksandfood,serveasplacesformeetingfriendsandforentertainment.Manyhave,forinstance,televisionsets,amusementmachinesandjuke-boxesandprovidefacilitiesforplayingdarts,billiards,dominoesandsimilargames.Somealsoemploymusiciansforeveningentertainment,suchaspianoplaying,folksingingandmodernjazz.第36页/共281页第37页/共281页PintofEnglishBitterBitteristraditionalBritishbeer(alsoknownasale).Itisquitestrongandleavesabittertasteinyourmouthafterdrinking.Itisusuallyservedatroomtemperature.---Lightales(ormildbrews),containfewerhopsandarelessalcoholic.---Strongaleshaveahighalcoholiccontentandastrongflavour.第38页/共281页第39页/共281页WineWineisanincreasinglypopulardrinkintheUK.----housewine(redorwhite).CiderisatraditionalEnglishalcoholicdrinkmadefromapples.WhiskyisastrongdrinkproducedinScotlandandinIreland.第40页/共281页第41页/共281页DrinksInsummertimeapopulardrinkisPimmsandlemonade.ThisisatraditionalcocktailofeitherPimmsNumber1(basedongin)orPimmsNumber6(basedonvodka)togetherwithice,citrusfruits(lemon/orange/lime)andlemonade/gingerale.第42页/共281页Cheese&onioncrispsItiscommontoaskforsnackstoeatwithyourdrink.Commonsnacks:---crisps---peanuts

---porkscratchings(smokybaconandbeef)

第43页/共281页PubfriendsBarfriendsarecompanions,notintimates.Theyarefriendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachother’sprivatelifeandthoughts.Pubfriends第44页/共281页TheAuthorHenryFairlie(1924-1990)aBritishjournalistforTheSpectator,whichhejoinedin1955.BeforethathehadbeenafeaturewriterforTheObserver1948-50,andapoliticaleditorialwriterforTheTimes1950-54.HewasalsoaregularcontributortoTheNewRepublicfromthemid-1970suntilhisdeathin1990.HerelocatedtotheUnitedStatesin1965toavoidaBritishlibelsuit,forhavingcalledhisone-timeloverAntoniaFraserawhoreontelevision.

第45页/共281页TheAuthorHecoinedthetermTheEstablishmentinhiscolumninTheSpectatoron23September,1955.Fairliewrote:Bythe"Establishment",Idonotonlymeanthecentresofofficialpower—thoughtheyarecertainlypartofit—butratherthewholematrixofofficialandsocialrelationswithinwhichpowerisexercised.TheexerciseofpowerinBritain(morespecifically,inEngland)cannotbeunderstoodunlessitisrecognisedthatitisexercisedsocially第46页/共281页HisworksTheLifeofPolitics,Methuen,1969.TheKennedyPromise,Doubleday,1973.TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld:TheMiscarriageoftheAmericanIdeainOurTime,Doubleday,1976.TheParties:RepublicansandDemocratsinThisCentury,St.Martin's,1978.TheSevenDeadlySinsToday,NewRepublicBooks,1978.AJourneyintoAmerica,Harper&Row(NewYork,NY),1985.(WithMaryGordonandAlexanderTheroux)TheRevengeofFailure:TheCultureofEnvyandRage,forewordbyOsGuinness,TrinityForum(Burke,VA),1994.第47页/共281页1.IntroductiontothePassage

1).

Typeofliterature:apieceofexpositionWhatisKing'sEnglish?Whatispubtalk?

2).

Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:--toinformorexplain,putforth,expoundwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformationsothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.Thereisgenerallya“thesis”statement”insuchwriting.第48页/共281页IntroductiontothePassage3).

Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:comparison,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,definition,etc.第49页/共281页Pre-readingQuestions:1.Whatdoyouthinkofthetitleofthisunit?Inwhatwayis"pubtalk"connectedwith"theKing'sEnglish"?Isthetitleofthepiecewell-chosen?2.Pointouttheliteraryandhistoricalallusionsusedinthispieceandcommentontheiruse.3.WhatisthefunctionofPara.5?Isthechangefrom"pubtalk"to"theKing'sEnglish"tooabrupt?第50页/共281页4.Dothesimpleidiomaticexpressionslike"tobeontherocks,outofbedonthewrongside,etc.,"gowellwiththecopiousliteraryandhistoricalallusionsthewriteruses?Giveyourreasons.5.Doesthewriterrevealhispoliticalinclinationinthispieceofwriting?How?第51页/共281页IntroductiontothePassage

Ithasaratheralooseorganization:title,

abrupttransitionparagraph,

digression---author’sreflectionsonthehistoryandmeaningof“theKing’sEnglish,hislovefordictionariesandthesalonsof18thcenturyParisThelastsentenceinthelastparagraphwindsup(endsup)thethemebypointingoutwhatisthebane(祸害）ofgoodconversation.---digression离题

第52页/共281页ThetitleofthetextThetitleofthispieceisnotveryaptlychosen.Itmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheking'sEnglishWhereasthewriter,inreality,isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation.Hefeelsthatbarconversationinthepubhasacharmofitsown.第53页/共281页ThetitleofthetextThewriterillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKing'sEnglish".第54页/共281页IntroductiontothePassageTherealthesis---inthe3rdpara.“Barconversationhasacharmofitsown”.Abettertitlewouldbe:"TheArtofGoodConversation“"TheCharmsofConversation"第55页/共281页TransitionalparagraphPara.5isatransition.Fromherethewriterpassesfromageneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaparticularinstanceofit.第56页/共281页IntroductiontothePassage6.Whatisthethesisstatement?Thethesisisexpressedintheopeningsentence“Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities”.7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Generaldiscussiononwhatmakesgoodconversation第57页/共281页Structuralanalysis

Part1Par.1-2Thewriterputsforwardthetheses.1.Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.2.Whatconversationisandwhatcharacteristicsofarealconversationare.第58页/共281页focusonpubconversationwithacharmofitsownbygivingusspecificexampleofaconversation.Part2Paras.3-5:第59页/共281页anexampletosupportthethesisnofixedtopic---theKing'sEnglish--Australia--Saxonchurls--thelanguagebarriersTheexamplehaswellexplainedwhereitscharmlies.Part3Paras.6-11第60页/共281页Part4Paras.12--19moredigressions(whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore)Para.12-15HegiveshispersonalreflectiononthehistoryandmeaningoftheKing'sEnglishPara.16-19Bythementioningofdictionariesandsalonsof18thParis,herevealshisattitudetowardstheKing'sEnglishAttitude:1)notultimatum2)slipsandslides第61页/共281页Part5Para.20--21conclusionThosepeoplewhoruintheconversationbytryingtotalksensearejustlikechimpanzeeswhoarenotcapableofconversation.第62页/共281页Para.1-2Questions:What’sthemainideaofPara.1,2?Whatisthefirsttopicthewriterputsforward?Doyouthinkthewriterstickstothistopic?Whatmakesagoodconversation?Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?Howdoyouunderstandthemetaphorconveyedbythefourverbs“meander,leap,sparkleandglow”?Detailedstudiesofthetext第63页/共281页pubtalk:conversationheldinthepublichousePubbingandclubbingarethemainformsofEnglishnightlife,especiallyfortheyoung.Pubbingmeansgoingtoapubwithfriends,havingdrinks,andchatting.Clubbingisdifferentfrompubbingandincludesgoingtoapub,oraplaceofmusic,orabar,oranyotherplacestogatherwithfriends.Clubbingcanbefoundeverywhere.Usuallythereissomekindofdresscodeforclubbing,suchasnojeans,nosportswear,orsmartclubwear,whilepubbingismuchmorecasual.TheKing'sEnglish---standardEnglish;RPDetailedstudiesofthetext第64页/共281页DetailedstudyofthetextConversation……humanactivities:Morethananyotherhumanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.第65页/共281页Anditisanactivityonlyofhuman…--Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation.Detailedstudiesofthetext第66页/共281页Howeverintricate……nameofconversation:Howeverintricate:nomatterhowintricateintricate---complicatedTheintricatecomputerrequiresaskilledoperator.anintricateargument/plotdesign/pattern第67页/共281页complex,complicated,sophisticated,intricate

complex侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂。intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解第68页/共281页IndulgeIndulgentadj.Theprivatebusinessownerindulgedhissonwithplentyofpocketmoney.纵容孩子Don’tindulgeyourselftoofreelywithwine/liquors.过分贪杯，纵酒Occasionallyheindulgesintheluxuryofagoodcigar.偶尔享受一支好雪茄Themanagerindulgedthecompanywithasong.唱歌给大家助兴第69页/共281页Indulgein:

goinfor,allowtoenjoyindulgeindreams爱幻想indulgeinself-glorification一味自我陶醉，一味自吹自擂indulgeinfantasy一味异想天开第70页/共281页indulgencen.

Theactoraninstanceofindulging;gratification:Constantindulgenceingamblingbroughtabouthisruins.经常沉溺于赌博导致了他的毁灭。Thegameofbilliardsishisonlyindulgence.桌球是他仅有的嗜好Thepublisherseekstheindulgenceofourreaders.出版社请读者们多多包涵Imustaskthereaders’kindindulgenceforanymistakesandomissionsthatmaypossiblyoccur.错误及疏漏之处，敬请读者们谅解。

unbridledindulgence放荡不羁第71页/共281页Para.1deservesthenameof:tohavearighttobecalled,beworthyofthenameofParaphrase:Nomatterhowcomplicatedthemannerinwhichanimalsmakeknowntheirintensionstoeachother,theydonotgoinforanyactivitywhichmightrightlybecalledconversation.第72页/共281页Para.1Whileanimalscommunicatewitheachotheralmostalwaysforsurvival(practicalpurposeslikegettingfood,water,chancetomate,orprotection),humanshaveconversationnotnecessarilyforpracticalpurposesortransmittinginformation.Theymayhaveatalkjustforthefunofit.

第73页/共281页Para.1Conversationisuniquelyhuman.“鹦鹉能言，不离飞鸟；猩猩能言，不离禽兽。今人而无礼，虽能言，不亦禽兽之心乎？……是故圣人作，为礼以教人，使人以有礼，知自别与禽兽。”

——《礼记·曲礼上第一》第74页/共281页Para.2

Howtomakegoodconversation?Whatmakesgoodconversation?1.Anythingcanstartaconversation.Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Andoncestarted,nooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.2.Whatspoilstheconversationispeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.Hewhowouldhaveanythingimportanttosayspoilstheconversation.第75页/共281页Whatmakesgoodconversation?3.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.4.Thereisnowinninginconversation.Onedoesnottrytoprovehimselfrightandotherswrong.Wemayarguebutweneedn'ttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright.第76页/共281页Paragraph2Conversation:1.Aspokenexchangeofthoughts,opinions,andfeelings;atalk.2.Aninformaldiscussionofamatterbyrepresentativesofgovernments,institutions,ororganizations.Theauthoristalkingaboutaninformal,lightconversation.第77页/共281页Thecharmofconversation……orjustglows:

amixedmetaphor.“conversation”------astreamwhichmeandersandleaps------firewhichglowsandsparkles.doesnotreallystartfromanywhere:Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Anythingmaystartagoodconversation.Andoncestartednooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.That’swhyconversationisdelightfulandcharming.第78页/共281页mixedmetaphor

（混喻）meander/sparkle---smooth/peacefulleap/glow----exciting/heated第79页/共281页metaphorMeandern.漫止,弯曲,曲流ramblev.漫止,蜿蜒而流wanderaimlesslyoridlyMeanderingadj.Meanderern.Eg:Wemeanderedthelowerreachesoftheriver.leap----river1.flowslowlyturninghereandthere2.jumpover第80页/共281页MeanderTofollowawindingandturningcourseTomoveaimlesslyandidlywithoutfixeddirection

Syn：stray，twist，wander，windAstreamsmeandersthroughthemeadow.Avagabondwhomeandersthroughlife一个漂泊不定的流浪者themeandersofthelaw法律程序的繁复第81页/共281页metaphorSparkleglow----fire1.smallflashes2.brightlight第82页/共281页Theenemy……

“somethingtosay”:

Goodconversationisgenerallyspoiltbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.第83页/共281页Conversationisnotformakingapoint:Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.Inaconversationweshouldnottrytoestablishtheforceofanideaorargument.第84页/共281页makeapoint---proveeffectivelytruthofone‘sstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway.立论；证明观点ThisisthefirstpointIwanttomake.Inthiscasehemadeapoint.在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。Detailedstudiesofthetext第85页/共281页inaflash---inasecondInaflashherealizedthattheywerepresentsfromhispatients.Everythinghappenedinaflash.aflashinapan第86页/共281页Theyarereadytoletitgo.---Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes(becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects)第87页/共281页characteristicsofconversationmentionedinPara.21.Conversationcanstartfromanywhereatanytime,andcangofreely.(Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Andoncestarted,nooneknowshowandwhereitwillend.)(Sen.1,2)2.Conversationisnotforconvincingothers.(Sen.3,4)

Donotdotootherswhatyoudon'twanttobedonetoyou.Don'tdountootherswhatyoudon'twantothersdountoyou.

3.Conversationrequiresnowinners.(Sen.5)4.Everyconversationistiswillingtolettheconversationgofreely.(Sen.6)第88页/共281页Para.31.What’sthemainideaofthisparagraph?2.Explainthemetaphoricalmeaningof“ontherocks”andtheidiomaticexpression“getuponthewrongsideofthebed”.4.Whatisthecharmofbarconversation?5.Paraphrase“…didnotdelveintoeachother’slivesorthe

recesses

oftheirthoughtsandfeelings”.

Identifythefigureofspeechusedinthissentence.

第89页/共281页Para3

therealthesis---BarconversationhasacharmofitsownDetailedstudiesofthetext第90页/共281页up-bringing

---thetrainingandeducationreceivedwhilegrowingupHisupbringingexplainsalotabouthisattitudetowardswomen.Detailedstudiesofthetext第91页/共281页ofone'sown

--belongstrictlytooneselfShehasamindofherown.她颇有主见。Forreasonsofhisown,herefusedtojointheclub.由于某些个人理由，他拒绝参加那个俱乐部。第92页/共281页Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?1.Thewriterisonlyafrequenterofpubs.2.Bargoersarenotintimatefriends.Bar/church,theplaceforpeopletomakefriends.Barplaysanimportantroleinsocialactivitiesinthewesternworld.第93页/共281页Thefactthat……notaconcern:

Itisnotamatterofinterestorimportanceiftheirmarriagesarebreakingup,ortheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenortheyarejustcrossorgrouchy.ontherocks:metaphor,comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks;(tobeindirestraits;tobeinaconditionofruinorcatastrophe)第94页/共281页ontherocks---

infmlcliché1.wreckedorruinedMrJones'businesswasontherocks.=Hisbusinesswaslosingmoneyandalmostruined.第95页/共281页ontherocks2.withiceonlySallyorderedanorangejuiceontherocks.=Sallyorderedanorangejuicewithicecubes.Marriageiscomparedtoashipwreckedontherocks.ontheroll