高中宾语从句教案及历年真题详解

宾语从句

TheObjectClause

1.I_knowhim.（简单句）

主语谓语宾语

2.Iknowwhoheis.（复杂句）

主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语

主句从句

3.宾语从句的概念：

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语

4,句子结构：

主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句

一、连词(引导词)

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句)，连词由典引导，因为that

在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省

略

❖LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

❖Shesays(that)shewon'ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.

*Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.

❖Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.

在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等)作表语时，后面

所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句

❖Fmsorry(that)Idon'tknow.

❖We'resure(that)ourteamwillwin.

❖I'mafraid(that)hewon'tpasstheexam.

2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因

为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略

❖Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.

❖Let'sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.

❖Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.

3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)

或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中

担任一定的句子成分，具有一•定的意义，所以不可以省略

❖Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?

❖Idon'trememberwhenwearrived.

❖IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.

❖Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.

❖Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?

带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句

❖CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?

❖Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?

Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?

*Idon'tknowhowfaritistothecinema.

❖Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?

*Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?

Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.

二、时态

1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从

句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一•般现在时，一般过

♦去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.

❖Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.

❖Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.

2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一•般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一

定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，

过去完成时）

❖Iknewwholivedhere.

*Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.

❖Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.

*Hesaidthathehadseenit.

3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。

*Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.

三、语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idon'tknowwhathewantstobuy.

Idon'tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.

3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?

4.DoesheknowFrench?

Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.

Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.

5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?

They'renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.

They'renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.

1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?

Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?

2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyearsJimtoldLinTao.

JimtoldLinTao（that）Mr.SmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.

3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.

PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.

4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterday'sclass.

Ourteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday'sclass.

注意事项

1.could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情

况用不同时态。

❖Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?

❖Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?

❖Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say

时，连词用that

*Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageon

hisdesk.

❖Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareof

thechild.

*HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.

❖Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.

3.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if

❖Couldyoutellmewhetherthat'safasttrainornot?

*Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?

❖Idon'tcarewhetherhe'Hstayhereornot.

4.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：

Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.

A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comes

C.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome

主句从句

i般将来时

祈使句一般现在时

含有情态动词

1.1don'tknowwhenhe(come).

2.1can'twaithereanymore.Whenhe(come),

3.Wouldyoupleaseaskhim(call)me?

5.连词+宾语从句连词+todo

❖Idon'tknowwhatIshalldonext.

❖Idon'tknowwhattodonext.

❖Shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.

❖Shedidn'tdecidewhichonetochoose.

*Pleasetellmewhomyou'llgivetheletterto.

❖Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.

一•选择。

1.Theyoungmanaskedifssummerorwinter.

A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether

2.Wedon'tknowtheydidit.

A.howB.whoC.whatD.which

3.TheteacherasksusJimcancomebackontime.

A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknowwewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.

A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

5.1wonderheiscryingnow.

A.thatB.whyC.howD.when

6.HaveyoufoundoutwecandoonHainanIsland?

A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether

7.Lilysaidshehadfinishedhercomposition.

A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where

8.1don'tknowhestillliveshere.

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether

9.Couldyoushowme?

A.howcanIgettothestation

B.whereisthestation

C.howIcouldgettothestation

D.howIcanreachthestation

10.Pleasetellme.

A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslike

C.whathelikesD.whathelike

11.Mysistertoldhim.

A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrived

C.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive

12.Couldyoutellmewherewenextweek.

A.wouldgoB.togo

C.hadtogoD.willgo

13.CouldyoutellmehowmuchtoflytoHainan?

A.doitcostB.doesitcost

C.itcostD.itcosts

14.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.

A.whatistheirstockingsin

B.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsin

D.whatintheirstockings

.15.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.

A.whoisheB.whoheis

C.whoisitD.whoitis

16.Couldyoutellmehowlong?

A.youhaveboughtthewatch

B.youhavekeptthissciencebook

C.haveyoubeenawayfromChina

D.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina

17Hesaysthatifittomorrow,hefishing.

A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgo

C.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgo

二、正确形式填空。

1.Couldyoutellmeifthey(work)inthefactorysofar.

2.Didyourparentstellyouthatthesun(rise)ineast?

3.Whathe(say)justnow?

I(notcanhear)him.

----He(say)thathe(plant)treeswithhisparentsyesterday.

4.Canyoutellmewhen(leave)tomorrow?

5.Didhesaythattheirparents

(come)heretomorrow.

6.Hetoldmetwoweeks(be)enough.

7.Theteachertoldusthatthesun(be)biggerthanthemoon.

8.1thinkI(tell)youwhat(do)next.Don'tjuststayhere!

9.A:Whatareyoustandingherefor?

B:FmwaitingheretoaskMr.Johnsonifhe(give)usatalkonAmerican

history.Ifhe(have)notime,I'llaskMr.Smithinstead.

10.A:DoyouknowwhenMr.Green(come)toseeusnextmonth?

B:Don'tworry.I(tell)youwhenhereally(come)here.

Key:

1-8DABCDABD

DCBDDBDBC

1.haveworked

2.rises

3.didsay.couldn'thearsaidplanted

4.toleave

5.wouldcome

6.was

7..is

8.willtell/havetold

9.willgivehas

10.willcomewilltellcomes

例1Acomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.

A.howB.afterC.whatD.when

例2Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

例3Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforhethoughtwasnotenough.

A.whereB.howC.whatD.which

例4Thewayhediditwasdifferentwewereusedto.

A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich

例5Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioninghisteammateshad

done.

A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while

二、语序

以从属连词(if,whether)＞连接代词(what,which,who,whose)和连接副词(when,

where,how,why)等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例6Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

例7Thebosswentuptoask.

A.whatthematterwasB.what'sthematterC.whatwasthematterD.whatthematteris

三、时态

宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应：

1.如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；

2.如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；

Eg.Ithoughthehadgonetotowntoday.

3.当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：

Eg.Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.

例8Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets.

A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked

例9Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheofficesoon.

A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway

例10—Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?—No,butsometimesIwishI.

A.havetimeB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.hadtimeto

四、宾语从句的减缩式

宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。

例11Fveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects

例12ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.

A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit

例13Themotherdidn'tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshe

wasout.

A.whoB.whenC.howD.what

五、宾语从句的特殊式

1.复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：

Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterest.(whoever=anyonewho/any

personwho)

ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddowhateverIcantosavethem.(whatever=anything

that)

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants,whatever在此处是泛

指，不可被what替代。而"Ican'trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.”中的who

表特定的某人，不可以改成whoevero

2.it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。

(1)动词+it+important/necessary/natural/etc.+thatclauseothatclause中谓语动词前可

加should,亦可省略。如：

Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.

(2)动词+it+as+名词/形容词+clause。如：

Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.

(3)动词+it+介词+thatclause。常见的有：oweittosb.+thatclause(把...归功于某人)，

leaveittosb.+thatclause(把...留给某人去做),takeitforgranted+thatclause(想当然)，

keepitinmind+thatclause(记住...)。如:

Ijusttookitforgrantedthathe'dalwaysbearound.

(4)动词+it+clauseo如：Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：Igotoseeafilmexceptwhenitrains.

3.含宾语从句的反意疑问句。

当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主

语和谓语保持对应关系。如：

Briantoldyouthattherewasn'tanyoneintheroomatthattime,didn'the?

当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine

/expect/suspect/feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保

持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：

Idon'tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?

4.两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个及以后的

不可省。如：Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.

5.主语+be+形容词+clauseo如：FmafraidthatIcan^promiseyouanything.

例14Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.

A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever

例15hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

例16I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.you

例17-Idon'tthinkyoucouldhavebeenusedtothequickpaceoflifewhilestudyinginthe

USAyou?

—.Ithoughtofreturningtoourcountryatonetime.

A.had;YesB.do;YesC.have;NoD.were;No

例18Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased

hewasamanofaction.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

宾语从句练习题

类型一：引导词的运用

(1)Idon'tknowornot.

A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathome

C.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome

(2)Thisdependsontheweatherisfine.

A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that

(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudentclasshewasin.

A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that

(4)Idon'tknowMr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He,11helpuswithourEnglish.

A.whyB.whenC.howD.where

(5)Becareful!Don'tbreakthebottles.DoyouhearIsaid?David?

-----Yes,Mum

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if

(6)DoyouknowMrBlack'saddressis?

--------HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Vmnotsureof.

A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where

(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow.

A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose

C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose

类型二：宾语从句的语序

(1)Didyoufindout?

A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor

C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor

(2)Areyouinterestedin?

A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit

(3)Idon'tknow.Canyoutellme?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

(4)Whatdidthescientistsay?

--------Hesaidhewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponeday.

A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly

(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme?

A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbank

C.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere

(6)SheaskedTomwithhiscar?

A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematteris

C.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter

类型三：时态

()lit's7：30.lean'tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.

A.havenTtstartedB.didn,tC.don'tstartD.hadn,tstarted

()2TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe

()3Theteachersaidthattheearthroundthesun.

A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo

()4We'dliketotellyouthatyoutheexam.

A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass

()5uCouldyoutellme?”“Yes.Theytothelibrary.v

A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeen

C.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone

()6Ourfathersaidthatheanewcomputernextweek.

A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys

()7IhearthathetoBeijingyesterday.

A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone

类型四：其他-----反意疑问句，it做形式宾语

()1.Idon'tthinkheisright,?

A.isn,theB.isheC.doID.don'11

()2.Hebelievessheisright,?

A.doesnTtheB.doesheC.issheD.isn'tshe

()3.Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,?

A.didnJtheB.didheC.didID.didn'tl

()4.IfindimportantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.

A.itB.thisC.thatD.what

()5.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedthenicegift.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

高考题

1.—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?

—TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.(<06全国H)

A.whenB.thatC.howD.what

2.Pleaseremindmehesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.

A.whereB,whenC.howD.what（06全国

I)

3.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.（05全国卷）

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

4.SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee..(2000上海)

A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.wh