美国总统竞选辩论中英文对照(1)(完整版)

美国总统竞选辩论中英文对照(1)（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）

2021美国总统竞选辩论中英文对照美国总统竞选辩论中英文对照(1)（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）2021-10-12

LEHRER:GoodeveningfromtheFordCenterforthePerformingArtsattheUniversityofMississippiinOxford.I'mJimLehreroftheNewsHouronPBS,andIwelcomeyoutothefirstofthe2021presidentialdebatesbetweentheRepublicannominee,SenatorJohnMcCainofArizona,andtheDemocraticnominee,SenatorBarackObamaofIllinois.主持人:晚上好,这里是牛津密西西比大学的表演艺术中心。我是来自公共广播公司《新闻时间》的吉姆.拉勒尔。我欢迎你们来到2021年首场总统竞选辩论。两位总统候选人是来自亚利桑那州的共和党提名人——议员约翰.麦凯恩,和来自伊利诺斯州的民主党提名人——议员贝拉克.奥巴马。

(注:牛津,密西西比南部一城市,位于田纳西州孟斐斯东南偏南。是密西西比大学的所在地(老密西),建于1844年,它是威廉姆·福克纳的家乡。人口9,882)

TheCommissiononPresidentialDebatesisthesponsorofthiseventandthethreeotherpresidentialandvicepresidentialdebatescominginOctober.总统竞选辩论委员会是这次辩论以及即将在10月份的另外三次总统竞选辩论和副总统竞选辩论的主办者。Tonight'swillprimarilybeaboutforeignpolicyandnationalsecurity,which,bydefinition,includestheglobalfinancialcrisis.Itwillbedividedroughlyintonine-minutesegments.今晚的话题将主要围绕外交政策和国家安全。其中,国家安全包括了这次全球金融危机。我们将大概以9分钟为一段(辩论)。Directexchangesbetweenthecandidatesandmoderatorfollow-upsarepermittedaftereachcandidatehastwominutestoanswertheleadquestioninanorderdeterminedbyacointoss.我们将用掷硬币的办法来决定谁先回答引导问题。在两位候选人分别回答完后,可以进行直接交流。主持人也可以进一步追问。Thespecificsubjectsandquestionswerechosenbyme.Theyhavenotbeensharedorclearedwithanyone.具体的主题和问题都由我决定。它们从未被(我)向任何人披露或解释。Theaudiencehereinthehallhaspromisedtoremainsilent,nocheers,noapplause,nonoiseofanykind,exceptrightnow,aswewelcomeSenatorsObamaandMcCain.大厅中的观众都已经承诺保持沉默,即不欢呼,不鼓掌,不发出任何形式的噪音。除了现在——让我们欢迎议员奥巴马和麦凯恩。(APPLAUSE)(鼓掌)LetmebeginwithsomethingGeneralEisenhowersaidinhis1952presidentialcampaign.Quote,"Wemustachievebothsecurityandsolvency.Infact,thefoundationofmilitarystrengthiseconomicstrength,"endquote.让我以艾森豪威尔将军在1952年总统竞选时说过的一句话开始:“我们必须获得安全和财务偿还能力。事实上,军事实力的基础就是经济实力。”Withthatinmind,thefirstleadquestion.在脑中记住这个,让我们开始第一个引导问题。Gentlemen,atthisverymomenttonight,wheredoyoustandonthefinancialrecoveryplan?先生们,在今晚这个特别的时刻,你们在金融拯救计划中站在哪里?Firstresponsetoyou,SenatorObama.Youhavetwominutes.第一个回答问题的是你,议员奥巴马。你有两分钟时间。OBAMA:Well,thankyouverymuch,Jim,andthankstothecommissionandtheUniversityofMississippi,OleMiss,forhostingustonight.Ican'tthinkofamoreimportanttimeforustotalkaboutthefutureofthecountry.奥巴马:好的,非常感谢你,吉姆,也感谢(总统竞选辩论)委员会,感谢密西西比大学今晚容纳我们。我无法想象我们还有比今晚讨论这个国家的未来的更重要的时刻了。Youknow,weareatadefiningmomentinourhistory.Ournationisinvolvedintwowars,andwearegoingthroughtheworstfinancialcrisissincetheGreatDepression.你们知道,我们现在正处于我们历史上的一个决定性时刻。我们的民族被涉入两场战争(注:伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争),而我们正在经历自经济大萧条(注:1929年)以来最糟糕的金融危机。Andalthoughwe'veheardalotaboutWallStreet,thoseofyouonMainStreetIthinkhavebeenstrugglingforawhile,andyourecognizethatthiscouldhaveanimpactonallsectorsoftheeconomy.尽管我们听说了相当多关于华尔街的事情,但你们那些在城镇主街上的人们(注:这里指美国城镇和乡村的典型居民)已经在(艰难地)努力了一段时间。你们都知道这(金融危机)也许会影响到经济的方方面面。Andyou'rewondering,how'sitgoingtoaffectme?How'sitgoingtoaffectmyjob?How'sitgoingtoaffectmyhouse?How'sitgoingtoaffectmyretirementsavingsormyabilitytosendmychildrentocollege?你们想要知道,它(金融危机)如何影响到我?如何影响到我的工作?如何影响到我的住宅?如何影响到我的退休金储蓄或者是送我孩子上大学的能力?Sowehavetomoveswiftly,andwehavetomovewisely.AndI'veputforwardaseriesofproposalsthatmakesurethatweprotecttaxpayersasweengageinthisimportantrescueeffort.所以我们必须得即刻就行动了,而且我们得要明智地行动。我已经提出一系列的建议,以确保当我们从事这项重要的(金融)拯救行动时,纳税人(的权益)得到保护。Numberone,we'vegottomakesurethatwe'vegotoversightoverthiswholeprocess;$700billion,potentially,isalotofmoney.首先,我们必须确保整个过程有仔细的监督。可能(被国会通过)的7000亿美元是一笔相当大的数额。Numbertwo,we'vegottomakesurethattaxpayers,whentheyareputtingtheirmoneyatrisk,havethepossibilityofgettingthatmoneybackandgains,ifthemarket--andwhenthemarketreturns.第二,我们必须确保纳税人现在冒着风险投入的钱有可能拿回来并增加,只要市场——且当市场回复(正常)时。Numberthree,we'vegottomakesurethatnoneofthatmoneyisgoingtopadCEObankaccountsortopromotegoldenparachutes.第三,我们必须确保(这些钱)一分钱也不能变成CEO的银行账户或者成为黄金保护伞(注:企业的高级管理层或离任的政府官员在失去他们原来的工作后,在经济上给予其丰厚保障的安排)。And,numberfour,we'vegottomakesurethatwe'rehelpinghomeowners,becausetherootproblemherehastodowiththeforeclosuresthataretakingplaceallacrossthecountry.第四,我们必须确保我们正在帮助住宅所有者,因为问题的根源与在这个国家到处都在发生的无力偿付房贷有关。Now,wealsohavetorecognizethatthisisafinalverdictoneightyearsoffailedeconomicpoliciespromotedbyGeorgeBush,supportedbySenatorMcCain,atheorythatbasicallysaysthatwecanshredregulationsandconsumerprotectionsandgivemoreandmoretothemost,andsomehowprosperitywilltrickledown.现在,我们也必须承认这(金融危机)就是对议员麦凯恩所支持的乔治.布什这八年来失败的经济政策的最终裁决。(他们的)一个理论主要宣称的是我们可以撕碎(市场)管理和消费者保护,只要给予越来越多的(自由)直到极致,然后繁荣昌盛就会从天上掉下来。Ithasn'tworked.AndIthinkthatthefundamentalsoftheeconomyhavetobemeasuredbywhetherornotthemiddleclassisgettingafairshake.That'swhyI'mrunningforpresident,andthat'swhatIhopewe'regoingtobetalkingabouttonight.(他们的)理论根本没有起过作用。而我认为经济的基础应该以中产阶级是否能进行公平交易作为衡量标准。这就是为什么我在竞选总统,这也是我所希望今晚我们将所讨论的。LEHRER:SenatorMcCain,twominutes.主持人:麦凯恩议员,两分钟。MCCAIN:Well,thankyou,Jim.Andthankstoeverybody.麦凯恩:好的,谢谢你,吉姆。谢谢所有人。AndIdohaveasadnotetonight.SenatorKennedyisinthehospital.He'sadearandbelovedfriendtoallofus.OurthoughtsandprayersgoouttothelionoftheSenate.今晚我还有一个令人遗憾的消息:肯尼迪议员住院了。他是我们最亲爱的一个朋友。让我们向议会的雄狮表达挂念和祈祷。IalsowanttothanktheUniversityofMississippiforhostingustonight.我也要感谢今晚容纳我们的密西西比大学。And,Jim,I--I'vebeennotfeelingtoogreataboutalotofthingslately.SohavealotofAmericanswhoarefacingchallenges.ButI'mfeelingalittlebettertonight,andI'lltellyouwhy.而吉姆,我——我近来一直对很多事情感到不满。许多面临困难的美国人们也和我一样。然而今晚我感觉稍微好些了,我会告诉你为什么。Becauseaswe'reheretonightinthisdebate,weareseeing,forthefirsttimeinalongtime,RepublicansandDemocratstogether,sittingdown,tryingtoworkoutasolutiontothisfiscalcrisisthatwe'rein.这是因为我们在今晚这场辩论上,我们看到,这是相当长一段时间以来第一次共和党人和民主党人坐下来,尝试作出一个我们所面临的金融危机的解决方案。(注:我认为麦凯恩此言,意在抨击民主党人的“不合作”。当然,这个“不合作”是由他所定义的。)Andhavenodoubtaboutthemagnitudeofthiscrisis.Andwe'renottalkingaboutfailureofinstitutionsonWallStreet.We'retalkingaboutfailuresonMainStreet,andpeoplewhowilllosetheirjobs,andtheircredits,andtheirhomes,ifwedon'tfixthegreatestfiscalcrisis,probablyin--certainlyinourtime,andI'vebeenaroundalittlewhile.我们毫不怀疑这次危机的危害性。我们现在不是在讨论华尔街那些机构的破产,我们是在讨论城镇主街上(那些人)的破产。如果我们不解决掉这次重大的财政危机,也许——不,毫无疑问地,在我们的有生之年,人们将失去他们的工作,他们的银行存款和他们的家。(笑)我已经伴随(金融危机)一段时间了。Butthepointis--thepointis,wehavefinallyseenRepublicansandDemocratssittingdownandnegotiatingtogetherandcomingupwithapackage.但重点是——重点是,我们终于看到了,共和党人和民主党人坐下来一起磋商并将提出一系列方案(注:由于找不到中文对应于package的这个意思,只好用一系列方案来代替了)。Thispackagehastransparencyinit.Ithastohaveaccountabilityandoversight.Ithastohaveoptionsforloanstofailingbusinesses,ratherthanthegovernmenttakingoverthoseloans.Wehaveto--ithastohaveapackagewithanumberofotheressentialelementstoit.这些方案应该有透明性。它们应该可以落实责任和监管。它们应该包括转让衰退中的生意的债权,而不是让政府直接接管这些债权。我们必须——不,这些方案还应当包括许多其他的必需元素。And,yes,IwentbacktoWashington,andImetwithmyRepublicansintheHouseofRepresentatives.Andtheyweren'tpartofthenegotiations,andIunderstandthat.AnditwastheHouseRepublicansthatdecidedthattheywouldbepartofthesolutiontothisproblem.还有,我回了一趟华盛顿,并会见了众议院的共和党议员们。他们并没有参与磋商,我理解。是共和党议会决定,他们也将是解决这次(金融危机)问题的一部分。ButIwanttoemphasizeonepointtoallAmericanstonight.Thisisn'tthebeginningoftheendofthiscrisis.Thisistheendofthebeginning,ifwecomeoutwithapackagethatwillkeeptheseinstitutionsstable.但今晚我想对所有的美国人强调一点。现在不是金融危机尾声的序幕。即使我们拿出一系列解决方案使得那些(金融)机构稳定,现在也只是金融危机序幕的尾声。Andwe'vegotalotofworktodo.Andwe'vegottocreatejobs.Andoneoftheareas,ofcourse,istoeliminateourdependenceonforeignoil.我们还有很多事情要做。我们得创造就业岗位。而创造就业岗位中一件(要做的)事情就是消除我们对外国石油的依赖。(注:个人以为麦凯恩在最后几句话里渲染金融危机的严重性,然后稍微透露一点“宏图和前景”,企图加强美国人对他的依赖感。很古老的招数,但政客们都在用。)LEHRER:Allright,let'sgobacktomyquestion.Howdoyouallstandontherecoveryplan?Andtalktoeachotheraboutit.We'vegotfiveminutes.Wecannegotiateadealrighthere.主持人:好的,让我们回到我的问题。你们两位在经济救援计划中站在哪边?直接告诉对方。我们还有5分钟。我们现在就可以在这里商讨出一个结果。But,Imean,areyou--doyoufavorthisplan,SenatorObama,andyou,SenatorMcCain?Doyou--areyouinfavorofthisplan?我(先前的)意思是,你们支持这个(经济救援)计划吗?奥巴马议员,还有你,麦凯恩议员?你支持这个计划吗?OBAMA:Wehaven'tseenthelanguageyet.AndIdothinkthatthere'sconstructiveworkbeingdoneoutthere.So,fortheviewerswhoarewatching,Iamoptimisticaboutthecapacityofustocometogetherwithaplan.奥巴马:我们还没有看到这个计划。我认为在(国会)正在进行一项建设性的工作。所以,我想对观众们说,我对我们一起提出一项计划的能力表示乐观。(注:奥巴马这里回避了主持人的问题。他还是没有说他究竟是支持还是不支持。他的回答是一个non-answer,我们称为打太极、不表态。)Thequestion,Ithink,thatwehavetoaskourselvesis,howdidwegetintothissituationinthefirstplace?问题是,我在想,我们应该问问我们自己的是,我们是如何首次进入这种状况的?Twoyearsago,Iwarnedthat,becauseofthesubprimelendingmess,becauseofthelaxregulation,thatwewerepotentiallygoingtohaveaproblemandtriedtostopsomeoftheabusesinmortgagesthatweretakingplaceatthetime.两年前,我就警告过,由于次级贷款的混乱,由于松懈的管理,我们可能正在走向潜伏的问题。我还试图阻止一些当时抵押的滥用。Lastyear,IwrotetothesecretaryoftheTreasurytomakesurethatheunderstoodthemagnitudeofthisproblemandtocallonhimtobringallthestakeholderstogethertotrytodealwithit.去年,我写信给财政部长,以确信他意识到这个问题的严重性。我呼吁他召集投资人设法解决这个问题。So--sothequestion,Ithink,thatwe'vegottoaskourselvesis,yes,we'vegottosolvethisproblemshortterm.Andwearegoingtohavetointervene;there'snodoubtaboutthat.所以,这个我们询问自己的问题,我认为,我们应该在短期内解决金融问题。我们需要干涉了,不容怀疑。Butwe'realsogoingtohavetolookat,howisitthatweshreddedsomanyregulations?Wedidnotsetupa21st-centuryregulatoryframeworktodealwiththeseproblems.Andthatinparthastodowithaneconomicphilosophythatsaysthatregulationisalwaysbad.但我们也需要看看,是什么让我们撕裂了那么多的(金融)管理?我们没有设立一个21世纪的管理框架来处理这些问题。而这(金融危机)部分地与一种经济理念有关。这种经济理念说(金融)管理总是坏的。(注:奥巴马不但回避了问题,而且开始了强烈地对布什政府,以及支持布什政府的麦凯恩议员的抨击,认为他们的观念有问题。)LEHRER:Areyougoingtovotefortheplan,SenatorMcCain?主持人:你会支持(金融拯救)计划吗,麦凯恩议员?MCCAIN:I--Ihopeso.AndI...麦凯恩:我——我希望是,而且我……LEHRER:AsaUnitedStatessenator...主持人:作为一位美国的议员……MCCAIN:Sure.麦凯恩:当然。LEHRER:...you'regoingtovotefortheplan?主持人:……你是说你会投票支持这个计划?MCCAIN:Sure.But--butletme--letmepointout,IalsowarnedaboutFannieMaeandFreddieMacandwarnedaboutcorporategreedandexcess,andCEOpay,andallthat.Alotofussawthistrainwreckcoming.麦凯恩:当然。但是——请让我——让我指出来,我同样也警告过了联邦抵押协会和联邦房贷抵押机构,警告过了(金融)企业的贪婪和无度,还有CEO的(高)薪水,所有这些。我们很多人都看到了这火车即将来临的失事。(注:FannieMae=FederalNationalMortgageAssociation,FreddieMac=FederalHomeLoanMortgageCorporation)Butthere'salsotheissueofresponsibility.You'vementionedPresidentDwightDavidEisenhower.PresidentEisenhower,onthenightbeforetheNormandyinvasion,wentintohisroom,andhewroteouttwoletters.但这里同样要考虑责任的问题。你(主持人)提到了总统德怀特.大卫.艾森豪威尔。艾森豪威尔总统在进攻诺曼底的前夜,走进他的房间,写了两封信。Oneofthemwasalettercongratulatingthegreatmembersofthemilitaryandalliesthathadconductedandsucceededinthegreatestinvasioninhistory,stilltothisday,andforever.其中一封信是庆祝部队和盟军中的杰出成员成功地完成了历史上最伟大的一次进攻,到现在,直到永远。Andhewroteoutanotherletter,andthatwasaletterofresignationfromtheUnitedStatesArmyforthefailureofthelandingsatNormandy.他还写了另一封信。那是一封向美国军方的辞职信。辞职的理由是诺曼底登陆的失败。Somehowwe'velostthataccountability.I'vebeenheavilycriticizedbecauseIcalledfortheresignationofthechairmanoftheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission.We'vegottostartalsoholdingpeopleaccountable,andwe'vegottorewardpeoplewhosucceed.不知何故,我们的责任没有落实。我一直饱受批评,因为我要求证券交易委员会的主席辞职。我们得让人们(为自己的工作)负责,并奖励那些(工作上)成功的人们。ButsomehowinWashingtontoday--andI'mafraidonWallStreet--greedisrewarded,excessisrewarded,andcorruption--orcertainlyfailuretocarryoutourresponsibilityisrewarded.然而,在今天的华盛顿——我恐怕华尔街也是,不知为何,贪婪得到奖励,无度得到奖励,而腐败,或者无疑地说失职得到奖励。AspresidentoftheUnitedStates,peoplearegoingtobeheldaccountableinmyadministration.AndIpromiseyouthatthatwillhappen.(如果)我是美国总统,在我的管理下,人们将(为自己的工作)负责。我向你们保证那将实现。LEHRER:Doyouhavesomethingdirectlytosay,SenatorObama,toSenatorMcCainaboutwhathejustsaid?主持人:你有没有一些对麦凯恩议员刚才所说的话直接要说的,奥巴马议员?OBAMA:Well,IthinkSenatorMcCain'sabsolutelyrightthatweneedmoreresponsibility,butweneeditnotjustwhenthere'sacrisis.Imean,we'vehadyearsinwhichthereigningeconomicideologyhasbeenwhat'sgoodforWallStreet,butnotwhat'sgoodforMainStreet.奥巴马:嗯,我认为我们确实需要更多的责任(感),麦凯恩议员(在这点上)完全正确,但我们不应只在危机出现的时候才需要它(注:奥巴马此言,已经在影射麦凯恩及执政的共和党人在之前的不负责任,导致了现在的这场金融危机)。我指的是,在过去的数年时间里,占统治地位的经济思想总是考虑什么对华尔街有利,而不是什么对城镇大街(上的人们)有利。Andtherearefolksouttherewho'vebeenstrugglingbeforethiscrisistookplace.Andthat'swhyit'ssoimportant,aswesolvethisshort-termproblem,thatwelookatsomeoftheunderlyingissuesthathaveledtowagesandincomesforordinaryAmericanstogodown,the--ahealthcaresystemthatisbroken,energypoliciesthatarenotworking,because,youknow,10daysago,Johnsaidthatthefundamentalsoftheeconomyaresound.而且,在(金融)危机发生之前,就有那么一些人在(辛苦地)挣扎了。这也是为什么我们在解决这个短期(金融)问题的时候,看看一些深层次的问题是如此重要。这些问题让普通美国人的工资和收入下降,让医疗系统破碎,让能源政策失效。因为……你知道,10天前,约翰(麦凯恩)还在说经济的根本还是健康的。(注:奥巴马在这句话的最后提到“因为……”时,停顿了一下,他其实真正想说的是“就是像麦凯恩这样的共和党人导致了现在的金融问题”,但他需要仔细斟酌措辞,不能说得太过,以免被对手抓住把柄。麦凯恩其实也有苦衷,10天前他还没有意识到金融危机是如此迅速地展现在了所有人面前,他还以为那些华尔街的投资银行可以撑一段时间。也因为他还需要支撑住他背后的共和党,需要修饰共和党的执政能力。这使得他不得不硬着头皮说“经济根本还是健康的”。不料到了今天辩论的时候,几大投资银行相继破产或转行,他所说过的话也就成了奥巴马所攻击的把柄。这其实和某些人说“照片是真的”有异曲同工之妙。下面就看麦凯恩如何拆招了。)LEHRER:Sayitdirectlytohim.主持人:直接向他(麦凯恩)说。OBAMA:Idonotthinkthattheyare.奥巴马:我不认为经济的根本是健康的。LEHRER:Sayitdirectlytohim.主持人:直接向他(麦凯恩)说。OBAMA:Well,the--John,10daysago,yousaidthatthefundamentalsoftheeconomyaresound.And...奥巴马:好的,约翰,10天前,你还在说经济的根本还是健康的,而……MCCAIN:AreyouafraidIcouldn'thearhim?麦凯恩:(笑对主持人)你担心我听不到他说话吗?(LAUGHTER)(笑声)LEHRER:I'mjustdeterminedtogetyoualltotalktoeachother.I'mgoingtotry.主持人:我只是想要让你们俩互相交流。我想试试(笑)。OBAMA:The--andIjustfundamentallydisagree.Andunlessweareholdingourselvesaccountabledayin,dayout,notjustwhenthere'sacrisisforfolkswhohavepowerandinfluenceandcanhirelobbyists,butforthenurse,theteacher,thepoliceofficer,who,frankly,attheendofeachmonth,they'vegotalittlefinancialcrisisgoingon.奥巴马:而我根本就不同意这点。除非我们不论什么时候都让我们(对我们的工作)负责,而不是在出现危机的时候。(这危机只是)让某些有权力和影响力的人可以雇佣说客(而已),而坦白地说,对于护士、教师、警员,每个月的月末,都有着金融危机在上演(注:这里指房贷)。They'rehavingtotakeoutextradebtjusttomaketheirmortgagepayments.Wehaven'tbeenpayingattentiontothem.Andifyoulookatourtaxpolicies,it'saclassicexample.他们必须拿出额外的钱来偿还抵押贷款。我们一直没有注意到他们。但你们如果看看我们的税收政策,那就是一个典型的例子(注:指税收和房贷一样,都在抽取着普通美国人的收入)。LEHRER:So,SenatorMcCain,doyouagreewithwhatSenatorObamajustsaid?And,ifyoudon't,tellhimwhatyoudisagreewith.主持人:那么,麦凯恩议员,你同意奥巴马议员刚才所说的吗?如果你不同意,告诉他你不同意什么。MCCAIN:No,I--look,we'vegottofixthesystem.We'vegotfundamentalproblemsinthesystem.AndMainStreetispayingapenaltyfortheexcessesandgreedinWashington,D.C.,andintheWallStreet.麦凯恩:(我)不同意。我……你看,我们得修理(我们的金融)系统。这个系统的根本有些问题,而城镇大街(上的人们)正在为华盛顿和华尔街的无度和贪婪付出代价。Sothere'snodoubtthatwehavealongwaytogo.And,obviously,stricterinterpretationandconsolidationofthevariousregulatoryagenciesthatweren'tdoingtheirjob,thathasbroughtonthiscrisis.所以,毫不怀疑,我们有很长的路要走。而且,很明显地,对各种各样没有做好他们工作而导致了这场(金融)危机的管理机构(实行)更加严格的整理和合并。(注:好个太极推手。麦凯恩接过奥巴马的咄咄逼人的锋头,顺势将这股力打向了金融管理机构。须知麦凯恩竞选的一个主要口号就是他要规整政府部门,改整机构。麦凯恩努力让大家把注意力集中在金融机构的失职上,而不是执政的共和党上,可谓用心良苦。然则美国老百姓也不是傻子。实事求是地说,这次金融危机,作为执政党的共和党确有较大责任。麦凯恩这一捣浆糊,看来很难糊弄过去。)ButIhaveafundamentalbeliefinthegoodnessandstrengthoftheAmericanworker.AndtheAmericanworkeristhemostproductive,themostinnovative.Americaisstillthegreatestproducer,exporterandimporter.但我心中深信美国劳动人民的善良和力量。而且美国劳动人民是富有生产力和创造力的(人民)。美国仍然是(世界上)最大的生产国、出口国和进口国。(注:当政客甜言蜜语地夸奖老百姓的能力时,就是要让老百姓做牛做马的时候了。麦凯恩寄希望于美国人民努力工作,把金融危机的洞给填实喽。这一招实在是失策啊!占人口大多数的美国工人不会吃这一套。而奥巴马想要从大企业家和富翁身上剥层皮来填金融的大洞,显然更能得到大多数美国人的欢心。从现在的支持率来看,也是如此。)Butwe'vegottogetthroughthesetimes,butIhaveafundamentalbeliefintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.AndIstillbelieve,undertherightleadership,ourbestdaysareaheadofus.但我们一定要熬过这段时间,我深信美利坚合众国(能做到)。我还相信,在正确的领导下,幸福的生活就在我们前头。OxidizeditchcraftindirtywaterhandleofapplicationanddevelopmentSummary:ThistextexpatiatedprimarilytheCarrouseloxidizestheconstruction,craftmechanismoftheditchandcirculatetheproblemexsitedintheprocesswiththehomologousthemethodofsolution.Finally,introducetheCarrouseloxidizethelatestresearchprogressoftheditchandpointedoutthefutureandmainresearchdirection.Keyphrase:TheCarrouseloxidizesditchdividedsbythephosphortakesoffthenitrogenconstructionmechanismApplicationandDevelopmentofCarrouselOxidationDitchProcessonWastewaterTreatmentAbstract:Thestructureandthetechniquesofcarrouseloxidationditchprocessonnitrogenandphosphorremovalareintroducedinthispaper.Theproblemsinrunningandtheircorrespondingresolventarealsopointed.Atlast,Theauthorshowedtheuptodateresearchimprovementandthemainlyfutureresearchdire-ction.Keywords:Carrousel;oxidationditch;nitrogenandphosphorremoval;structure;techniques1.ForewordOxidizetheditch(oxidationditch)againacontinuouscirculationspiritpond(Continuousloopreactor),isaliveanddirtymiremethodakindoftotransform.OxidizingthedirtywaterinditchhandlesthecraftberesearchedtomanufacturebythehygieneengineeringgraduateschoolofHollandinthe50'sof20centuriessuccess.Sincein1954atDutchthrowintheusagefortheveryfirsttime.Becauseitsawaterfluidmattergood,circulatethestabilityandmanageconvenienceetc.techniquecharacteristics,alreadyatdomesticandinternationalandextensiveapplicationinlivethedirtywatertoisdirtytomanageaqueouslywiththeindustry[1].Currentapplicationthanoxidizeextensivelytheditchtypeinclude:The(Pasveer)oxidizestheditch,the(Carrousel)oxidizestheditch,(Orbal)oxidizestheditch,thetypeofToxidizestheditch(threeditchtypesoxidizetheditch),thetypeofDEoxidizestheditchtoturntooxidizetheditchwiththeintegralwhole.Theseoxidizetheditchbecauseofthedifferenceofesseinconstructionwithcirculating,thereforeeachcharacteristics[2].Thistextwillintroduceconstruction,mechanism,existentproblemanditslatestdevelopmentsthatCarrouseloxidizeditchesprimarily.2.TheCarrouseloxidizestheconstructionoftheditchTheCarrouseloxidizetheditchtoberesearchedtomanufacturebyDutchDHVcompanydevelopmentin1967.OxidizethelastthecompanyofDHVinfoundationoftheditchintheoriginalCarrouseltopermitedspeciallythecompanyEIMCOtoinventagainwithitspatentintheUnitedStatesCarrousel2000system(seethefigure),realizesthelivingcreatureofthehigherrequesttakesoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythefunctionof.Therehasbeenintheworlduptonowmorethan850CarrouselsoxidizetheditchwiththeCarrousel2000systemarecirculating[3].Fromdiagramtherefore,theCarrouseloxidizestheditchtheusagethespiritofthatdefinitedirectioncontrolwithshakeupthedevice,facetomixwiththeliquiddeliverthelevelspeed,frombutmakedrivetheliquidofadmixturethatshakeupisinoxidizeditchshutmatchoutletcirculateflow.Thereforeoxidizetheditchhavethespecialhydraulicsflowsthe,currentcompletemixwiththecharacteristicsofthetypereactor,havethecharacteristicsthatpushtheflowtypereactoragain,theditchinsideexsitsobviouslyofdeliquescenceoxygendensitystepsdegree.Oxidizingtheditchcrosssectionisrectangleortrapezoids,theflatsurfaceshapeismanyforoval,theditchinternalwaterisdeepgeneralfor2.5～4.5ｍ,thebreadthisdeepcomparefor2:1,alsohavethedeepwateramountto7msof,ditchinsideaveragespeedinwatercurrentis0.3ms/s.Oxidizeditchspiritadmixtureequipmentscontainsurfacespiritmachine,thespiritofturntobrushorturnthedishandshoottoflowthespiritmachine,pipetypespiritmachinewithpromotetakecareoftypespiritmachineetc.,matchwithinrecentyearsusagestillcontainunderwaterpushmachine[4~6].3.TheCarrouseloxidizesthemechanismoftheditch3.1TheCarrouseloxidizestheditchhandlesdirtyandaqueousprincipleTheatthebeginningcommonCarrouseloxidizesthedirtywaterininsideincraftoftheditchdirectwithdirtymireinrefluxtogetherenteroxidizetheditchsystem.ThesurfacespiritmachinemakesfuseintheliquidofadmixturethedensityoftheoxygenDOincreasesabout2the3mgs/L.Underthiskindofwellthetermoftheoxygen,themicroorganismgetstheenoughdeliquescenceoxygencomesandgotodividedbytheBOD;Atthesametime,theammoniaweretoooxidizednitratewithsecondnitrate,thistime,mixwiththeliquidbeplacedintheoxygenappearance.Inthespiritmachinedownstream,afterwatercurrentbebecomebytheswiftflowappearanceofthespiritDistrictofevenflowtheappearance,thewatercurrentmaintainsintheminimumcurrentvelocity,guaranteeingtheliveanddirtymirebeplacedinthefloatstheappearance.(averagecurrentvelocity>0.3ms/s)Oxidizemicrobiallytheprocessconsumedtofusetheoxygeninthewater,untilthevalueofDOdeclinesforzero,mixingwiththeliquidreporttheanoxiaappearance.Versanitricthatturnthefunctionthroughanoxiaarea,mixwiththeliquidentertohavetheoxygenarea,completingoncecirculating.Thatsysteminside,theBODdeclinesthesolutionisacontinuousprocess,thenitricturnsthefunctiontoturnwiththeversanitricthefunctiontakeplaceinsamepond.Becauseofstructuralrestrict,thiskindofoxidizetheditchalthoughcanthenvalidwhereaboutsBOD,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousabilitylimited[7].Forthesakeoftheacquisitionbetterdividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousresult,Carrousel2000systemsincreasedaoxygenDistrictbeforecommonCarrouseloxidizeditchwiththeuniqueoxygenarea.(callagainthattheversanitricinfrontturnsthearea)ThedirtymireinallrefluxesenterstheanaerobicDistrictwith10-30%dirtywater,canundertheanoxiawith10-30%carbonsourcetermcompleteremainingofdirtymireinrefluxinsidenitricacidnitrogentoversanitrictoturn,createsfortheuniqueoxygenpondofhereafteruniqueoxygenterm.Atthesametime,anaerobicDistrictinsideofconcurrentlythesexgermsconvertthedissolubilityBODVFA,thegermacquiretheVFAitsassimilationPHB,theenergysourceneededsolvesinthephosphoricwaterandcausephosphaticreleasing.TheanaerobicDistrictawaterenterstheinnerpartinstallstheuniqueoxygenareathathavethemixer,theso-calleduniqueoxygenisapondinsidetomixwithliquidsincehavenothenumeratoroxygen,alsohavenothecompoundoxygen(nitricacidroot),thehereuniqueoxygenenvironmentisnext,70-90%dirtywatercanprovidetheenoughcarbonsource,canmakethegermofreleasedthephosphoruswell.TheuniqueoxygenareaconnectsbehindthecommonCarrouseloxidizestheditchsystem,furthercompletingtodoawaywiththeBODandtakeoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythephosphorus.Finally,mixwiththeliquidtransferthedirtymireinsideinoxidizeditchenrichoxygenareaeject,whileenrichingtheoxygenenvironmentgermsurfeit,phosphorusfromthewater,ejectingthesystemwiththedirtymireinsurplus.Likethis,inCarrousel2000systems,thancompletedtodoawaywiththeBOD,CODwithtakeoffatthesametimegoodlythenitrogendividedbythephosphorus.SynthesizinganddirtywaterintheriverCity,longsandCitydecontaminationcenter[softhedirtythefactoryofwaterinthefirstinKunmingofadoptionthatcraftshandlesthemovementresultofthefactorytherefore:ThroughCarrousel2000systemafterhandling,theBOD,COD,SSdoesawaywiththeratetoallcometoa90%above,theTNdoesawaywiththeratecomestoa80%,theTPdoesawaywiththeratetoalsocometoa90%.3.2TheCarrouseloxidizestheditchdividedsbythephosphorustakesoffthenitrogenousinfluencefactor.AffectingtheCarrouseloxidizestheditchdividedsbythephosphoricfactorisdirtymire,nitratedensityandqualitydensitiesprimarily.Theresearchexpresses,beingtotalanddirtymireas11%thatahourbiggestphosphorus4%withdealisitsfuckdirtymiredealwithinliveanddirtymire,keepforthethegermphysicalendowmentmeasures,butwhendirtymireover15dhourdirtymiretheinsideisbiggesttocontaintheobviousdescentindealinphosphorus,canningnotreachthebiggestdividedingbytheresultofphosphorusonthecontrary.Therefore,prolongpersistentlythedirtymire(forexample20ds,25ds,30ds)istohavenonecessary,properchoosetousewithinthescopeof8~15d.Atthesametime,highnitratedensitywithlowqualitydensitydisadvantageindividedbytheprocessofphosphorus.AffectingtheCarrouseloxidizestheditchtakesoffthenitrogenousandmainfactorisDO,nitratedensityandcarbonsourcedensities.Theresearchexpresses,oxidizingtheditchinsideexsitsdeliquescenceoxygendensitystepsdegreenamelythegoodoxygenareaDOattains3~3.5mgs/L,theanoxiaareaDOattains0~0.5mgs/Lisapriorconditiontotakeplacenitricturnreactionandversanitricsturnthereaction.Atthesametime,amplecarbonsourceandhigherC/theNratiobenefitstotakeofftocompletenitrogenously[7].4.TheCarrouseloxidizesproblemandsolutionmethodsoftheditchesse.ThoughtheCarrouseloxidizestheditchhasawaterfluidmattergood,theanti-poundsattheburthenabilitystrong,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenefficiency.But,inphysicallyofmovementprocess,stillexsitsaseriesofproblem.4.1DirtymireinflationproblemWhendiscardtheaquaticcarbohydratemore,theN,Pcontainstheunbalanceofdeal,thepHvalueislow,oxidizingthedirtymireininsideinditchcarrieshigh,fusetheoxygendensitytheshortage,lineupthemirenotetc.causeseasilydirtymireingerminforminsilkinflation;Notthedirtymireingerminforminsilkinflationtakesplace