2022届辽宁省普通高中高三模拟试卷（一）英语试题（学生版）

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷(一)英语本试卷由听力、阅读、语言运用、写作四部分组成。试卷满分150分，考试时间为120分钟，共8页。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydotonight?A.Gotoaparty.B.Haveameeting.C.GotoParis.2.WhattimedoesthenextbusleaveforLondon?A.9:55.B.10:00.C.10:05.3.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthetrip?A.She’sexcitedaboutit.B.She’suninterestedinit.C.She’sregretfulaboutit.4.Whodoesthemostshoppinginthewoman’sfamily?A.Thewoman.B.Thewoman’sfather.C.Thewoman’smother.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Husbandandwife.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Buysomelunchforher.B.Findaplaceforlunch.C.Havelunchwithher.7.Whatwouldthewomanliketoeat?A.Englishfood.B.Frenchfood.C.Italianfood.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Whatdidthespeakersdo?A.Theyvisitedanexhibition.B.Theyheldanexhibition.C.Theyworkedforanexhibition.9.Whatkindofexhibitionarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Amodernartexhibition.B.Atransportationexhibition.C.Anaturalhistoryexhibition.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Filloutaform.B.Changeheroldcard.C.Gethermoneyback.11Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?A.Designadifferentcard.B.Makesomechangestothecard.C.Makenochangestothecard.12.Howsoonwillthecardsbereadyifthewomanpaysalittleextra?A.Inthreedays.B.Infourdays.C.Insevendays.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydoesthewomanvisittheman?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Togetapart-timejob.C.Toapplyforastudentloan.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewomanworking20hoursaweek?A.It'simpossible.B.It'sreasonable.C.It'stoomuch.15.Whatistheadvantageofworkinginthelibrary?A.Itallowstimetostudywhileworking.B.Itpaysmoremoneythanotherjobs.C.Ittakesseveralminutestogetthere.16.Howmuchwillthewomanearnifsheworkssixhoursaweek?A.$20.B.$60.C.$120.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howlongwilltheflighttake?A.Twohours.B.Fourhours.C.Sixhours.18.Whichplacewillthetouristsgotoafterbreakfast?A.EllisIsland.B.CentralPark.C.EmpireStateBuilding.19.WhatwillthetouristsdoinTimesSquare?A.Gojogging.B.Takeaferryride.C.Havelunch.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.ToattractmorepeopletoNewYork.B.TointroducefamousplacesinNewYork.C.Totellthetouristsaboutthearrangements.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheSurprisingBenefitsofTakingaColdShowerYou’llprocrastinate(拖延)less.Puttingthingsoffisahabiteveryonewouldlovetolose.Noonewantstotakeacoldshower,butthemoreroutinelyyoubitethebulletandgetitoverwith,themoreyou’retrainingyourbodynottogethunguponthosemomentsofhesitation.Astimegoeson,thishabitwillextendtootherareasoflife.You’llbemoreresistanttostressanddepression.Briefchangesinbodytemperaturelikeacoldshowerhavebeentheorizedtohelpbrainfunctionandactivatebeta-endorphin(B-内啡肽)andnoradrenaline(去甲肾上腺素)inthebrain.Beta-endorphinsare“feel-good”moleculesthatgiveasenseofwell-being.Noradrenalineisanadrenalhormone(肾上腺激素)thathelpsdepressedpeoplefeelmore“up”naturally.Coldwaterbathing,meanwhile,alsoreducesthecortisolhormone(皮质醇激素),whichusuallykicksintoactionwhenstressandanxietytakeover.You’llgetsickfarless.Coldshowersleadtohighernumbersofwhitebloodcellscirculatingthroughoutyourbody,whichisneverabadthing.Thosehelpfullittlecellsworkhardtoprotectyoufromdiseaseandillness.Yourskinandhairwillglow.Coldwatertightensyourskinthatgivesanaturalglowtotheskin.Whenitcomestoyourhair,coldshowerscloseandfortifyyourhaircuticleswhileaddingmorestrengthtothem.Moreover,coldwateralsodoesn'tharmthenaturalbarrierofyourskinandhair.1.Whichofthefollowingcanmakeyoulessanxious?A.Noradrenaline. B.Alpha-endorphin.C.Whitebloodcells. D.Thecortisolhormone.2.Howareyourskinandhairaftercoldshowers?A.Tight. B.Strong. C.Natural. D.Shiny.3.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Amagazine. C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.B“Leavesontheline”isatroublesometermforrailoperators.Whenleavesfallontoarailwayline,theyformanextremelylow-frictionblackpaste.Whencompressedbyaslowlymovingtrain,thepastebecomesstickyandpreventsthewheelfromtouchingtherail,leadingtolengthydelaysandextremesafetyconcerns.Discoveringwhyleavesposesuchaproblemhastakenyearsofresearch.Sycamore(梧桐树)leavesareknowntocreatethisslipperyblacksubstance.Itreducesfrictionbetweenwheelandrailtoaround0.01percent—thesameasbetweeniceandaskate.Tofindoutwhatchemicalintheleaveswasresponsibleforthepaste,theresearchersusedaprocessofelimination(排除过程).Differentchemicalswereremovedbutthepastestillformed.However,whentannins(单宁酸)wereremoved,thepastedidnotform.Inplants,theselargemoleculesareusedtosoakupdiseaseandstopitspreading,aswellasmakingtheplantstastebitterinordertodiscourageanimalsfromeatingthem.Butwhentheleavesfallontoarailwayline,thesetanninsreactwithchargedironparticlesfromthesteelrailstoformanextremelylow-frictionblackpaste.“Withthischemicalreactionfoundandlinkedtolowfrictionphenomenainterventions(干预措施)canbedesigned,”researchersconclude.Theysaythisdiscoverycouldhelpdesignpoliciestocutdownproblemtrees.Forexample,insteadofremovingalltreesnearrailwaylines,itmaybebettertojustcutdownthespeciesthatcontaintannins.However,anothersolutionmaylieinstoppingthetanninsfromtheleavesinteractingwiththeions(离子)inthesteelatall.“Interventionscanbedesignedtotargetthespecificreactionsorchemicals,”theresearcherssay.Atpresenttheyarestillworkingonit.4.What’stheproblemwithleavesontheline?A.Theydoharmtotheenvironment.B.It'shardforrailoperatorstocleanupthem.C.Whenpressedtheirchemicalslowsdownthetrain.D.Theyincreasethefrictionbetweenthetrainandrailway.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“soakup”probablymeaninParagraph6?A.cause B.absorb C.reduce D.increase6.What’sthepropersolutionaccordingtoresearchers?A.Removetanninsfromleaves.B.Getridofalltreesnearrailwaylines.C.Changethepositionofrailwaylinestoavoidleaves.D.Preventthechemicalreactionsbetweentanninsandions.7.Whatcanyouinferfromthistext?A.Thetroublesomeleaveswillcausedangertopassengers.B.Thediscoveryofthechemicalreactionhelpsdesignpolicies.C.Tanninsareresponsibleforthepasteformedbycompression.D.Currently,researcherssucceedinstoppingthechemicalreaction.CTheworld’sfirst3D-printedsteelfootbridge,measuring12metersinlength,hasbeeninstalledinAmsterdam.Thebridge,createdbyaDutchcompanycalledMX3D,hasbeeninstalledovertheOudezijdsAchterburgwalcanal.Morethanfouryearsinthemaking,theS-shapedbridgewillactasa“livinglaboratory”intheDutchcapitalasithandlespedestriantraffic.ResearchersatImperialCollegeLondonareassessingthe“performance”ofthebridge,whichispackedwithsensors,asit’sbeingwalkedon.Datacollectedfromthesensorswillenableexpertstomonitorhowitchangesoveritslifespan,suchasifthesteelyields(变形；弯曲)duetofootball,andmeasurehowthepublicinteractswiththebridge,suchashowmanypeopleareusingit.“A3D-printedmetalstructurelargeandstrongenoughtohandlepedestriantraffichasneverbeenconstructedbefore,”saidLeroyGardneroftheDepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering.“Wehavetestedandstimulatedthestructureanditscomponentsthroughouttheprintingprocessanduponitscompletion,andit’sfantastictoseeitfinallyopentothepublic.”Sensordatawillalsobeputintoa“digitaltwin”ofthebridge—acomputerizedversionthatimitatesthereal-lifephysicalversion.Performanceofthephysicalbridgewillbetestedagainstthetwin,whichwillhelpanswerquestionsabouttheadequacy(妥善性)of3D-printedsteelandinformfutureconstructionprojects.AccordingtoMX3D,thebridgeismorethanjustafunctionalobjectforthepublic,butanart,installationandacelebrationoftechnology.“3Dprintingpresentstremendousopportunitiestotheconstructionindustry,enablingfargreaterfreedomintermsofmaterialpropertiesandshapes,”saidGardener.“Thisfreedomalsobringsarangeofchallengesandwillrequirestructuralengineerstothinkinnewways.”8.Whatmakesthebridgespecial?ATheS-shape. B.Themetalstructure.C.The3D-printing. D.Thelivinglaboratory.9.Whatcanyoulearnfromthistext?A.Sensorscandetectproblems. B.Thebridgeis12meterswide.C.Carsmustrunslowlyonthebridge. D.Thebridgeistheworld’sfirststeelfootbridge.10.Whichofthefollowingcannotdescribesthebridge?A.Practical. B.Complex. C.Artistic. D.Technical.11.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.Torecommend3Dprinting. B.Toanalyzesensordata.C.Topraisetechnologyinnovation. D.Tointroduceafootbridge.DMr.Jafriisa44-year-oldartistfromEngland.Lastyear,thecoronavirusspreadandmanycountrieswentintolockdown(封锁；在家隔离).Ratherthanfeelingstuck,Jafridecidedtotakeonahugeprojectthatcould“makeareallybigdifference”.Hedecidedtocreatetheworld’slargestpainting.Heaskedchildrentosendhimpicturesshowinghowtheywerefeelingduringthepandemic(大流行病).Hegotartworkfromkidsin140differentcountries.Thepaintingishuge—over1600squaremeters.IttookJafrisevenmonthstocreatethepainting.Heworkedlonghours—oftenupto20hoursaday.Hehurthisbackbybendingoversomuchwhilehepainted.Ittookover1000paintbrushesand6300litersofpainttocreatethepainting.Jafrihopedthathispainting,called“TheJourneyofHumanity”,wouldhelpbringtheworldtogetherduringadifficulttime.Heincludedthechildren’sdrawingsintheartwork.WhenhefinishedlastSeptember,hehadsetaGuinnessWorldRecordfortheworld’slargestpainting.Thepaintingwassplitupinto70largepieces.Jafrihopedthatbysellingthepieces,hecouldraise30milliondollars.ButwhentheauctionendedonMarch22,Jafrididmuchbetterthanthat.Andhedidn’thavetosplitupthepieces.Thewholeartworkwassoldfor62milliondollars.AndreAbdoune,aFrenchbusinessman,boughtall70pieces.“ThepaintingwasverypowerfulwhenIsawit,”Mr.Abdounesaid.“Andforme,itwouldhavebeenamistaketoseparatethepieces.”12.What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Topersuadethereaders.C.Toattractreaders’interest. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.13.WhydidJafridecidetocreatethispainting?A.Toraisemoneyforchildren.B.TosetaGuinnessWorldRecord.C.Tokilltimeunderatightlockdown.D.Togeteverybodytogetherduringthepandemic.14.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreAbdoune?A.Mean. B.Kind. C.Generous. D.Selfish.15.What’sthebesttitleofthistext?A.ThePaintingofMr.Jafri. B.AGreatArtist.C.TheJourneyofHumanity. D.AGuinnessWorldRecord.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。5-StepProcesstoImproveYourCriticalThinkingEveryday,aseaofdecisionsstretchesbeforeus.It’simpossibletomakeaperfectchoice.Criticalthinkingisoneparticularlyeffectivetechniquetoimproveourchances.___16___Buthere’sonefive-stepprocessthatmayhelpyou.Formulateyourquestion.Inotherwords,knowwhatyou’relookingfor.Forexample,ifyou’redecidingwhethertotryoutthenewestdietcraze,youapproachthesituationwithaclearviewofwhatyou'reactuallytryingtoaccomplishbydieting.___17___There’slotsofitouttheresohavingaclearideaofyourquestionwillhelpyoudeterminewhat’srelevant.Informationgatheringhelpsyouweighdifferentoptions,movingyouclosertoadecisionthatmeetsyourgoal.Applytheinformation.___18___“Whatconceptsareatwork?”“Whatassumptionsexist?”“Ismyinterpretationoftheinformationlogicallysound?”Considertheimplications.Imagineit’selectiontime,andyou’veselectedapoliticalcandidatebasedontheirpromisetomakeitcheaperfordriverstofillupongas.Atfirstglance,thatseemsgreat.___19___Ifgasolineuseislessrestrictedbycost,thiscouldalsocauseahugesurgeinairpollution.Exploreotherpointsofview.Askyourselfwhysomanypeoplearedrawntothepoliciesoftheopposingpoliticalcandidate.Thiswillhelpyoumakemoreinformeddecisions.Criticalthinkingcangiveusthetoolstosiftthroughaseaofinformationandfindwhatwe’relookingfor.___20___A.Gatheryourinformation.B.Askyourselfwhenfacingadecision.C.Therearemanywaystoimproveourchances.D.Thisisn’talwaysasstraightforwardasitsounds.E.Butwhataboutthelong-termenvironmentaleffects?F.Therearemanydifferentwaysofapproachingcriticalthinking.G.Ifenoughofususeit,ithasthepowertomaketheworldamorereasonableplace.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。15yearsago,ErinMerrynmetagingerkittenwhoneededahomewhenshewasastudentinasmallcollegetown.He___21___intoherarmsandrefusedtolethergo.“Iwas___22___immediatelyanddecidedthatIwouldtakea___23___andtryhidingakitteninmycollegedormwhereanimalsareobviouslynotallowed,”Erinrecalled.Aweeklatershewascaughtandgiven48hoursto___24___thecat.“Iplannedsecretlyforamonthto___25___myparentstoletmekeephim.Momfinally___26___.DadneversaidyesbutIwonandgotmy___27___”saidErin.Sixyearsago,ErinhadAbby,herbeautifuldaughter.Shedidn’tknow___28___Baileywouldthinkaboutthenewaddition.Butitwasloveatfirstsight,andasAbbygrew,hebecameher___29___brother,watchingoverhereverystepoftheway.AvideoclipshowingAbbyreadingtoBaileywentviralontheInternetin2018.Numerouspeople____30____Erinonsocialmediaplatforms.____31____,whileErinandherfamilyspenteverydaywiththecuddlycat,theworlddidnotgettoknowBaileyforverylong.OnDecember8,2018,the14-year-oldcatpassedawayfromkidney____32____.AfullmonthafterBailey’spassing,Erinstillgotcardsandgiftsfromcaringindividuals.Erin____33____herfamilyhasreceivedmorethan500cardsfromaroundtheworld.ItisthislovethatErinhopesBailey’s____34____holdonto.Shewantsherfurry“first-born”toberememberedasasymbolof____35____thatinspiresotherstotreattheworldwithlove.21.A.broke B.leapt C.fell D.caught22.A.attacked B.addicted C.attached D.appreciated23.A.risk B.look C.change D.decision24.A.kill B.sell C.permit D.remove25.A.force B.permit C.advise D.convince26.A.gaveup B.gavein C.gaveout D.gaveaway27.A.way B.hope C.word D.advice28.A.how B.that C.what D.whether29.A.protective B.destructive C.impressive D.sensitive30.A.praised B.followed C.admired D.scolded31.A.Surprisingly B.Amazingly C.Eventually D.Unfortunately32.A.lack B.organ C.failure D.function33.A.doubts B.expects C.assumes D.estimates34.A.fans B.fellows C.friends D.owners35.A.hardship B.sympathy C.compassion D.confidence第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thestoryofcoffeeoftenbeginswithashepherd___36___(name)Kaldiin9thcenturyEthiopia.Whileoutinthefields,Kaldisawhisgoatseatingtheberriesfromasmallbush,thenrunningandleapingabout.Outof___37___(curious),hetriedtheberriesandfelttheinvigoratingeffectsfor___38___(he).Hetooksomeofthefruitswithhimandsharedthemwiththe___39___(member)ofamonasterynearby.Andbythe1400s,coffeewasbeingtradedthroughouttheArabianPeninsula.CoffeereachedEuropeinthelate16thcenturythroughtrade.CoffeewasintroducedintoItalyfirst.CoffeereallybecamepopularinEuropeinthe17thcentury,andthecoffeehousesopenedacrossEurope.___40___firstcoffeehouseinEnglandopenedinOxfordin1651andbythelate17thcenturythereweremanycoffeehousesinEnglishtowns___41___merchantsandprofessionalmenmettodrinkcupsofcoffee,readnewspapersandchat.IntheAmericas,coffeewasintroducedduringcolonization,firstasanimportedgood,thenasacultivatedcropthroughoutCentralAmerica.ThecultivationofcoffeeinAmericas,likeothercashcrops,resulted___42___thedisplacementofnativepeoplesand___43___(develop)oflarge–scaleplantationsusingnativepeopleasalaborsource.Inthe19thcentury,Brazilbecametheworld’s___44___(large)coffeeproducer,atitleit___45___(maintain)eversince.CoffeeremainsamajorgoodproducedinCentralandSouthAmericatothisday.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.第24届北京张家口冬奥会在2022年2月4日～20日在中国的北京市和张家口市联合举行。由于疫情原因，国外的观众不能到中国来观看。假如你是李华，请你写一封信向你的笔友Tom介绍一下本次冬奥会。要点如下：1.会徽“冬梦”，吉祥物“冰墩墩”。2.设7个大项，102个小项。北京承办所有冰上项目，延庆和张家口承办所有的雪上项目。3.这是中国历史上第一次举办冬季奥运会。词数80左右。参考词汇：疫情epidemic；会徽emblem；吉祥物mascotDearTom,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lihua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料