历年翻译真题

历年翻译真题

2010年

（-）英译汉

ADR=alternativedisputeresolution替代性纠纷解决机制

替代性纠纷解决机制采用多种形式，包括：调解mediation,调停conciliation,小型审判

mini-trial等。它们的共同点是都不具有约束力non-binding,当采用替代性纠纷解决机制得

不到有效的裁决resolution时，双方当事人仍可以采用诉讼的方式解决纠纷。在美国，替代

性纠纷解决机制通常包括具有拘束力的仲裁bindingarbitration,；而在英国，替代性纠纷解

决机制通常指非裁决性方法non-adjudicatorytechniques.o英国的争议解决中心（CEDR）

的设立就是为了促进替代性争议解决机制的发展。在那里，能够为协商谈判者们negotiators

提供一切可能的他们所想采用的争议解决方法和程序，包括：调解mediation,执行庭

executivetribunal,独立专家鉴定independentexpertappraisal以及法院附设仲裁

court-annexedarbitration.

绝大多数案件都会采用调解这一争议解决方式。双方公司代表进行谈判，先由一名或多名在

所有替代性界分解决机制中都会采用独立顾问independentadvisors作为中间人neutrals,

听取双方关于案件的简要陈述representation。双方之后被分别带到不同的房间，对各自的

观点立场position进行讨论，评估reviewo然后谈判继续，知道达成双方都满意的协议。

一般双方都不会把争议留待之后解决sleeponthedecision,而会随之草拟drawup并签署

有法律约束力的文件bindingdocuments.

（二）汉译英

CISGArticle24

ForthepurposesofthisPartoftheConvention,anoffer,declarationofacceptanceorany

otherindicationofintention"reaches“theaddresseewhenitismadeorallytohimor

deliveredbyanyothermeanstohimpersonally,tohisplaceofbusinessormailingaddress

or,ifhedoesnothaveaplaceofbusinessormailingaddress,tohishabitualresidence.

Article25

Abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuch

detrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpect

underthecontract,unlessthepartyinbreachdidnotforeseeandareasonablepersonof

thesamekindinthesamecircumstanceswouldnothaveforeseensucharesult.

Article28

If,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisConvention,onepartyisentitledtorequire

performanceofanyobligationbytheotherparty,acourtisnotboundtoenterajudgment

forspecificperformanceunlessthecourtwoulddosounderitsownlawinrespectof

similarcontractsofsalenotgovernedbythisConvention.

2009年

（-）英译汉

中国代表确认confirm,自加入时起，按议定书（草案）DraftProtocol所列，中国将全面

遵守《TRIMS协议》,不援用其中第5条withoutrecoursetoArticle5thereof,并将取消

外汇平衡要求,贸易平衡要求foreign-exchangebalancingandtradebalancing

requirements,当地含量要求localcontentrequirements和出口实绩要求export

performancerequirementSo中国主管机关authorities将不执行包含此类要求的合同条款。

进口和投资的分配allocation,许可permission或权利将不以国家或地方各级主管机关

nationalorsub-nationalauthorities所规定的实绩要求为条件beconditionalupon,或受到

subjectto诸如进行研究theconductofresearch,提供补偿theprovisionofoffsets或其他

形式的产业补偿industrialcompensation,包括规定类型或数量specifiedtypesorvolumes

的商业机会businessopportunities,使用当地投入物localinputs或技术转让transferof

technology等间接条件secondarycondition的影响。投资许可permissiontoinvest,进口

许可证importlicenses,配额quotas和关税配额tariffratequotas的给予应不考虑without

regardto是否存在与之竞争的中国国内供应商domesticsuppliers。在与其在《WTO协定》

和议定书(草案)项下义务obligationsunder相一致consistentwith的情况下,企业的合

同将得到中国的尊重。

中国代表确认，己设立的合资企业establishedjointventure的中外合作伙伴partners将可

以讨论修改modification他们各自在合资企业中的参股水平equityparticipationlevels,并

在双方达成协议且经主管机关批准approve的情况下，实施implement该项修改。中国代

表确认，如此种协议符合中国的具体承诺减让表ScheduleofSpecificCommitments中的相

关股权承诺equitycommitments,则将获得批准。

(-)汉译英

公司法152

WhereadirectororaseniormanagerisunderthecircumstanceasmentionedintheArticle

152ofthislaw,theshareholdersoftheLimitedLiabilityCompanyorJointVentureLimited

Companyseverallyoraggregatelyholding1%ormoresharesoftotalsharesofthe

companyfor180consecutivedaysormoremayrequestinwritingtheboardofdirectorsor

thesupervisorofthelimitedliabilitycompanywithoutboardofsupervisorstoinitiatea

lawsuitinthepeople'scourt.

IfthesupervisorisunderthecircumstanceasmentionedinArticle152ofthislaw,the

aforesaidshareholder(s)mayrequestinwritingtheboardofdirectorsortheacting

directorofthelimitedliabilitycompanywithoutboardofdirectorstolodgeanactioninthe

people'scourt.

Iftheboardofsupervisorsorsupervisorofthelimitedliabilitycompanywithouttheboard

ofsupervisorsoractingdirectorsrefusestolodgealawsuitafterreceivingawritten

requestasmentionedintheprecedingparagraph,oriftheyfailtoinitiatealawsuitwithin

30daysafterreceivingtherequest,orif,inanemergency,thefailuretolodgeanaction,

theshareholder(s)aslistedintheprecedingparagraphmay,ontheirownbehalf,directly

lodgealawsuitinthepeople'scourt.

Ifthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofacompanyareimpairedandanylossesarecaused

tothecompany,theshareholdersasmentionedintheprecedingparagraphmayinitiatea

lawsuitinthepeople'scourtaccordingtotheprovisionsiftheprecedingtwoparagraphs.

2008年

(-)英译汉

(-)汉译英

ClSGArticle42

(1)Thesellermustdelivergoodswhicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofathirdparty

basedonindustrialpropertyorotherintellectualproperty,ofwhichatthetimeofthe

conclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworcouldnothavebeenunaware,providedthat

therightorclaimisbasedonindustrialpropertyorotherintellectualproperty:

(a)underthelawoftheStatewherethegoodsw川beresoldorotherwiseused,ifitwas

contemplatedbythepartiesatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthatthegoods

wouldberesoldorotherwiseusedinthatState;or

(b)inanyothercase,underthelawoftheStatewherethebuyerhashisplaceofbusiness.

(2)Theobligationofthesellerundertheprecedingparagraphdoesnotextendtocases

where:

(a)atthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthebuyerkneworcouldnothavebeen

unawareoftherightorclaim;or

(b)therightorclaimresultsfromtheseller'scompliancewithtechnicaldrawings,designs,

formulaeorothersuchspecificationsfurnishedbythebuyer.

2007年

(-)英译汉

司法审查

1.中国应设立或指定并维持审查庭、联络点和程序，以便迅速审查所有与《1994年关

税与贸易总协定》(“GATT1994”)第10条第1款、GATS第6条和《TRI

PS协定》相关规定所指的法律、法规、普遍适用的司法决定和行政决定的实施有关的所有

行政行为。此类审查庭应是公正的，并独立于被授权进行行政执行的机关，且不应对审查事

项的结果有任何实质利害关系。

2.审查程序应包括给予受须经审查的任何行政行为影响的个人或企业进行上诉的机会，且

不因上诉而受到处罚。如初始上诉权需向行政机关提出，则在所有情况下应有选择向司法机

关对决定提出上诉的机会。关于上诉的决定应通知上诉人，作出该决定的理由应以书面形式

提供。上诉人还应被告知可进一步上诉的任何权利。

(二)汉译英

RighttoTrade

1.WithoutprejudicetoChina'srighttoregulatetradeinamannerconsistentwiththe

WTOAgreement,Chinashallprogressivelyliberalizetheavailabilityandscopeoftheright

totrade,sothat,withinthreeyearsafteraccession,allenterprisesinChinashallhavethe

righttotradeinallgoodsthroughoutthecustomsterritoryofChina,exceptforthose

goodslistedinAnnex2Awhichcontinuetobesubjecttostatetradinginaccordancewith

thisProtocol.Suchrighttotradeshallbetherighttoimportandexportgoods.Allsuch

goodsshallbeaccordednationaltreatmentunderArticleIIIoftheGATT1994,especially

paragraph4thereof,inrespectoftheirinternalsale,offeringforsale,purchase,

transportation,distributionoruse,includingtheirdirectaccesstoend-users.Forthose

goodslistedinAnnex2B,Chinashallphaseoutlimitationonthegrantoftradingrights

pursuanttothescheduleinthatAnnex.Chinashallcompleteallnecessarylegislative

procedurestoimplementtheseprovisionsduringthetransitionperiod.

2.ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,allforeignindividualsand

enterprises,includingthosenotinvestedorregisteredinChina,shallbeaccorded

treatmentnolessfavorablethanthataccordedtoenterprisesinChinawithrespecttothe

righttotrade.

2005年

(-)汉译英

ClSGArticle39

(1)Thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhedoesnotgive

noticetothesellerspecifyingthenatureofthelackofconformitywithinareasonabletime

afterhehasdiscovereditoroughttohavediscoveredit.

(2)Inanyevent,thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhe

doesnotgivethesellernoticethereofatthelatestwithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthe

dateonwhichthegoodswereactuallyhandedovertothebuyer,unlessthistime-limitis

inconsistentwithacontractualperiodofguarantee.

(二)英译汉

2004年

汉译英

1ClSGArticle25

Abreachofcontractcommittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuch

detrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpect

underthecontract,unlessthepartyinbreachdidnotforeseeandareasonablepersonof

thesamekindinthesamecircumstanceswouldnothaveforeseensucharesult.

2证券法62条

Article62Alistedcompanyshould,intheeventofoccurrenceofamajoreventwhichmay

haveabigimpactonthetradingpriceofthestocksofthelistedcompanyyettheinvestors

areunawarethereof,submitforthwithaninterimreportonthesaidmajoreventtothe

securitiessupervisionandadministrationinstitutionundertheStateCouncilandthe

securitiesexchanges,andmakeanannouncementthereof,explainingthesubstanceofthe

event.

Thefollowingsituationsshallbeconstruedasmajoreventsreferredtointhepreceding

paragraph:

(1)majorchangesinthemanagementpolicyandbusinessscopeofthecompany;

(2)decision(s)onmajorinvestmentactsandmajorpropertyacquisitionofthe

company;

(3)animportantcontractconcludedbythecompanythatmayhavecrucialimpacton

theassets,liabilities,rightsandinterestsandmanagementachievements;

(4)thesituationofoccurrenceofmajorliabilitiesandfailuretoliquidatemajorliabilities

dueforbreachofcontractbythecompany;

(5)incurringofmajorlossesormajorlossesexceeding10%ofthenetassetsofthe

company;

(6)majorchangeshavetakenplaceintheexternalconditionsfortheproductionand

managementofthecompany;

(7)changeshavetakenplaceinthechairmanoftheboardofdirectors,andoverone

thirdofthedirectorsormanagers;

(8)greatchangeshaveoccurredinthesharesheldbystockholdersholdingmorethan

5%ofthecompany'sshares;

(9)decisiononinvestmentreduction,amalgamation,separation,disbandmentand

bankruptcyapplicationofthecompany;

(10)revocationofresolution(s)ofthegeneralmeetingofstockholdersandboardof

directorsbyacourtaccordingtolawonmajorlitigation(s)involvingthecompany;and

(11)othermattersprescribedbylawsandregulations.

2003年

(-)汉译英

8.Ascertainmentofprice

(1)Thepriceinacontractofsalemaybefixedbythecontract,ormaybelefttobefixed

inamanneragreedbythecontract,ormaybedeterminedbythecourseofdealing

betweentheparties.

(2)Wherethepriceisnotdeterminedasmentionedinsubsection(1)abovethebuyer

mustpayareasonableprice.

(3)Whatisareasonablepr