外文翻译-对建筑节能设计的探索

毕业设论)文资料翻译学

院：

建筑工程学院专

业：

土木工程姓学

名：号：外文出处：buildingenergyconservationprojectdesign(用外文写)

Manualeditor2005.7,(3):16-18附

件：文资料翻译译文2.外文原文。年

月

日附件1：外文资料翻译文对建筑节能设计的探前言建筑节能是整个建筑全寿命过程中每一个环节节能的总和指建筑在选址划、设计、建造和使用过程,过合理的规划设,用节能型的建筑材料、产品和设,执行建筑节能标,强建筑物节能设备的运行管理合理设计建筑围护结构的热工性能,提高采暖制冷照明通风给排水和管道系统的运行效率,以及利用可再生能源在保证建筑物使用功能和室内热环境质量的前提下降低建筑能源消耗,合理有效地利用能源。如果继续执行节能水平较低的设计标准,将留下很重的能耗负担和治理困难。庞大的建筑能耗,已经成为国民经济的巨大负担。因此建筑行业全面节能势在必行。1建筑节能的意义与定义建筑使用过程中所消耗的能量即通常所说的建筑能耗在社会总能耗中占很大的比例国改革开放30年,创造了世界人类建筑史上的奇迹:1985-2004的年间,全国竣工建筑的面积达105.6亿m2,约占现有建筑面积的预计到2020年还将新增建筑面积300亿。然而,前中国既有建筑中,95%以上是高能耗建筑。1992年建筑能耗占全社会能耗15%,200027.5%,2020年将会增加40%,如果加上原材料的运输和损耗等,建筑能耗可能高达50%。这既反映了我国城乡生活水平的提高,也反映了我国高速发展的建筑和能源需求形势。由于建筑能耗在社会总能耗中所占的重大比例建筑节能成为世界节能浪潮的主流之,筑节能技术已经成为当今世界建筑技术发展的重点之一。2真正贯彻落实全面的建筑节能设计2.1整体及外部环境的节能设计建筑整体及外部环境设计是在分析建筑周围气候环境条件的基础上,通过选址、规划外部环境和体型朝向等设计,使建筑获得一个良好的外部微气候环境达到节能的目的。2.1.1合理选址建筑选址主要是根据当地的气候、地质、水质、地形及周围环境条件等因素的综合状况来确定建筑设计中,既要使建筑在其整个生命周期中保持适宜的微气候环境为建筑节能创造条件,同时又要不破坏整体生态环境的平衡。2.1.2合理的外部环境设计在建筑位址确定之后,应研究其微气候特征根据建筑功能的需求应通过合理的外部环境设计来改善既有的微气候环,造建筑节能的有利环,主要方法为:①在建筑周围布置树木、植,既能有效遮挡风沙、净化空,还能遮阳、降;②创造人工自然环境,如在建筑附近设置水面,利用水来平衡环境温度、降风沙及收集雨水等作用。2.1.3合理的规划和体型设计合理的建筑规划和体型设计能有效地适应恶劣的微气候环境。它包括对建筑整体体量、建筑体型及建筑形体组合、建筑日照及朝向等方面的确定。日照及朝向选择的原则是冬季能获得足够的日照并避开主导风向,季能利用自然通风并防止太阳辐射。然而建筑的朝向、方位以及建筑总平面的设计应考虑多方面的因素,建筑受到社会历史文化、地形、城市规划、道路、环境等条件的制约,要想使建筑物的朝向均满足夏季防热和冬季保温是困难,此能权衡各个因素之间的得,找到一个平衡点,选择出这一地区建筑的最佳朝向和较好朝向尽量避免东西向日晒。2.2单体的节能设计单体的节能设,主要是通对建筑各部分的节能构造设计、建筑内部空间的合理分隔设计,以及一些新型建筑节材料和设备的设计与选择等来更好地利用既有的建筑外部气候环境条件,以达到节能和改善室内微气候环境的效果。2.2.1建筑各部位的节能构造设计建筑各部位的节能构造设计,主要是在满足其作为建筑的基本组成部分的要求之外,通过对各部位(顶、楼板、墙体、门窗)造型、结构、材料等方面加以进一步设,充分利用建筑外部气候环境条件,达到节能和改善室内微气候环境的效果。屋顶的节能设计屋顶是建筑物与室外大气接触的一个重要部分主要节能措施为:①采用坡屋顶；②加强屋面保;根据需要,置保温隔热屋(架空隔热屋面、蓄水屋面、种植屋面等)。楼板层的节能设计。主要是利用其结构中空间,以及对楼板吊顶造型加以设计。如将循环水管布置在其中,夏季可以利用冷水循环降低室内温度冬季利用热水循环取暖。3)建筑外围墙体的节能设计。墙体的节能设计除了适应气候条件做好保温、防潮、隔热等措施以,还应体现在能够善微气候环境条件的特殊构造上如寒冷地区的夹心体设计、被动式太阳房中各种蓄热墙(如水墙)设计、巴格达地区为了适应当地干热气候条件在墙体中的风口设计等;而在马来西亚,杨经文设计的槟榔屿州大厦外墙中则外加了一种“铺风墙”的特殊构造设,在建筑两侧设阳台开,口两侧外墙上布置两片挡风,使两通风墙形成喇叭状的口,将风铺捉到阳台,然后通过阳台门的开口大小控制进风量,形成“空气锁”,可以有效地控制室内通风。建筑门窗的节能设计统计资料,在我国既有的高耗能建筑有的耗能是通过门窗散失的。因,解决好门窗节能的问题相当重要。门窗的节能设计应主要考:①控制建筑不同朝向的窗墙面积;设置遮阳措,国节能标准中规,热冬暖地区、夏热冬冷地区以及寒冷地区中制冷负荷大的建筑的外(包括透明幕墙)设置外部遮;根据需要合理地组织门窗的通风换气,尽量采用自然通风④严寒寒冷地区建筑的外门宜设门斗或采取其它减少冷风渗透的措,它地区建筑外门也应采取保温隔热节能措施;⑤选择高性能的建筑门窗和幕墙技术,筑门窗和建筑幕墙要改变消极保温隔热的单一节能观,把节能和合理利用太阳能、地下()、风能结合起来积极选择节能和用能(利用太阳能、冷能、风能、地热能)相结合的门窗及幕墙产品。建筑物围护结构细部的节能设计细部的节能设计对于建筑物的整体节能也非常重要应从以下各部位着手:①热桥部位应采取口可靠的保温与“断桥”措;②外墙出挑构件及附墙部件,阳台、雨罩、靠外墙阳台栏板、空调室外机搁板、附壁柱、凸窗、装饰线等均应采取隔断热桥和保温措;窗口外侧四周墙,进行保温处;④门、窗框与墙体之间的缝,应采用高效保温材料填;⑤门、窗框四周与抹灰层之间的缝,采用保温材料和嵌缝密封膏密,免不同材料界面开,响门、窗的热工性;采用全玻璃幕墙时,隔墙、楼板或梁与幕墙之间的间隙应填充保温材料。2.2.2合理的建筑空间设计合理的空间设计是在充分满足建筑使用功能要求的前提下,建筑空间进行合理分隔(平面分隔和竖向分隔),以改善室内保温、通风、采光等微气候条件达到节能目的。2.2.3选用建筑节能材料合理选用建筑节能材料也是全面建筑节能的一个重要方面。建筑材料的选择应遵循健康、高效、经济、节能的原则。一方,随着科技的发展,大量的新型高效材料不断被研制并应用到建筑设计中,好地起到节能效果。另一方,要结合当地的实际情,掘出一些地方节能材料,更好地应用到建筑节能中去。3结语全面的建筑节能有利于从根本上促进能源资源节约和合理利用,缓解我国能源资源供应与经济社会发展的矛盾；有利于加快发展循环经,实现经济社会的可持续发展；有利于长远的保障国家能源安全保护环境高人民群众生活质量贯彻落实科学发展观。附件：外文原文（复印件）Toexplorebuilding'senergy-savingdesignprefaceBuildingenergyefficiencyisthewholebuildingalllifeisthesumofeverylinkintheprocessofenergysaving.Referstothebuildingsinthesiteselection,planning,design,constructionanduseprocess,throughthereasonableplanninganddesign,energy-savingbuildingmaterials,productsandequipment,implementbuildingenergyefficiencystandards,strengthenthebuildingofenergy-savingequipmentrunningmanagement,reasonablethermalperformanceinthedesignandconstructionofretainingstructure,improvetheheating,refrigeration,lighting,ventilation,watersupplyanddrainage,andtheoperationefficiencyofpipelinesystem,andtheuseofrenewableenergy,inguaranteethequalityofbuildingusefunctionandtheindoorthermalenvironmentunderthepremiseofreducingbuildingenergyconsumption,reasonableandefficientuseofenergy.Ifyoustickwiththelowlevelofenergysavingdesignstandard,itwillleaveaheavyburdenofenergyconsumptionandmanagementdifficulties.Hugebuildingenergyconsumption,hasbecomeahugeburdenofthenationaleconomy.Sotheconstructionindustryoverallenergysavingisimperative.AnddefinethemeaningofbuildingenergyefficiencyTheenergydissipationsofthebuildinginuseprocess,knownasthebuildingenergyconsumption,alargeproportionofthetotalenergyconsumptioninsociety.China'sreformandopeningup30years,createdtheworldthehumanmiracleinthehistoryofarchitecture:20yearsfrom1985to2004,thecompletionoftheconstructionareaof10.56billionm2,accountsforabout1/4ofexistingbuildingarea,predict2020willalsobenewconstructionareaof30billionm2.However,theexistingbuildingsinChina,morethan95%ishighenergyconsumptionconstruction.In1992,thebuildingenergyconsumptionaccountsfor15%oftheenergyconsumptionofthewholesociety,at27.5%in2000and2020willincreaseto40%,ifcoupledwiththetransportationandthelossofrawmaterials,etc.,buildingenergyconsumptioncouldbeashighas50%.Itreflectstheimprovementoflivingstandardsofurbanandruralareasinourcountry,alsoreflectsthehighspeeddevelopmentofourcountry'sconstructionandenergydemandsituation.Duetothebuildingenergyconsumptionintotalenergyconsumptionaccountsforasignificantproportionofbuildingenergyefficiencyhasbecomethemainstreamintheworldwaveofenergysavingisoneofthebuildingenergysavingtechnologyhasbecomeoneofthekeypointofthedevelopmentofthearchitecturaltechnologyanywhereintheworld.2realimplementationofbuildingenergyefficiencydesign2.1theoveralldesignandtheexternalenvironmentofenergysavingIntegralandtheexternalenvironmentdesignisbasedontheanalysisofbuildingssurroundingclimate,onthebasisofenvironmentalconditions,throughsiteselection,planninganddesignoftheexternalenvironmentandbodyorientation,makethebuildingtoobtainagoodexternalmicroclimateenvironment,achievethegoalofenergysaving.2.1.1thereasonablelocationSiteselectionismainlyaccordingtothelocalclimate,geology,waterquality,theterrainandthesurroundingenvironmentconditionfactorssuchascomprehensiveconditiontodetermine.Inarchitecturaldesign,bothtokeepbuildingthroughoutitslifecycleissuitableformicroclimateenvironment,createconditionsforbuildingenergyconservation,anddon'tdestroythebalanceoftheoverallecologicalenvironmentatthesametime.2.1.2reasonableexternalenvironmentdesignAddresswasdeterminedinthebuilding,shouldstudythemicroclimatefeatures.Accordingtotherequirementsofarchitecturalfunction,shouldthroughthereasonableexternalenvironmentdesigntoimprovetheexistingmicroclimateenvironment,createfavorableenvironment,buildingenergyconservationmainwayis:(1)decoratedtrees,vegetationaroundthebuilding,caneffectivelykeepoutdustandpurifyair,stillcanshading,noisereduction;(2)tocreateartificialnaturalenvironment,suchasintheconstructionsetupnearthesurface,waterisusedtobalancetheenvironmenttemperature,sandandcollectingrainwater,andsoon.2.1.3reasonableplanningandshapedesigneasonableplanningandbuildingdesigncaneffectivelyadapttotheharshclimateenvironment.Itincludingtheoveralldimensionandarchitecturalshapeandarchitecturalformcombination,determinationofsunshineandrespectsuchas.unshineandtowardthechoiceprincipleiswintercangetenoughsunshineandtoavoidthedominantwinddirection,canmakeuseofnaturalventilationandpreventsolarradiationinsummer.However,buildingorientation,orientationandconstructiontotalplanedesignshouldconsiderthevariousfactors,buildingsocialhistoryculture,landscape,urbanplanning,road,environmentconditionsuchasrestriction,inordertoprotectthebuildingstomeetthesummerheatandwinterheatpreservationisdifficult,therefore,canonlyweighthevariousfactorsbetweenthegainandloss,tofindabalancepoint,choosethebestorientationandconstructionofthisareaisbettertoward,east-westsunlightshouldbeavoided.2.2monomerofenergy-savingdesignMonomerofenergy-savingdesign,mainlythroughtovariouspartsofthebuildingenergy-savingconstructiondesign,buildinginteriorspaceofreasonablespacedesign,aswellassomenewenergy-savingbuildingmaterialsandequipmentdesignandselection,tobetteruseofexistingbuildingexternalclimate,environmentalconditions,inordertoachievetheeffectofsavingenergyandimprovingindoormicroclimateenvironment.2.2.1buildingenergy-savingconstructiondesignofeachpartBuildingenergy-savingconstructionofeachpartdesign,mainlyinthemeettherequirementsofitasanessentialpartofthebuilding,basedoneachpart(roof,floor,walls,doorsandWindows,etc.)inthemodeling,structure,material,etctofurtherdesign,makefulluseofthebuildingexternalenvironment,climateconditions,toachievetheeffectofsavingenergyandimprovingindoormicroclimateenvironment.theenergysavingdesignoftheroof.Roofisabuildingwithoutsideaircontactisanimportantpartofthemainenergysavingmeasuresare:(1)usesloperoof;(2)strengthentheroofheatpreservation;(3)accordingtotheneeds,setthethermalinsulationroofing(overheadinsulatedroof,waterstorageroof,roofplanting,etc.).theenergy-savingdesignoffloorlayer.Mainlyusingthestructureinspace,aswellastothefloorcondoletopmodellinganddesign.Ifthecirculatingwaterpipelayoutinwhich,thesummercanusecoldwatercycletoreduceindoortemperature,usinghotwatercirculationtokeepwarminwinter.buildingouterwallenergysavingdesign.Wallenergysavingdesigninadditiontoadapttoclimateconditionreadyforheatpreservation,moistureproof,heatinsulation,andothermeasures,shouldalsobereflectedincanimprovemicroclimateenvironmentconditionsonthespecialstructureofsuchascoldareasofsandwichwalldesign,passivesolarhousesvariousheatstoragewall(waterwall)design,Baghdadregioninordertoadapttothelocalhotdryclimateconditionsinthewallofthetuyeredesign,etc.;InMalaysia,penangstateMennamUmnoYangscripturedesignbuildings,walls,andakindofspecialstructuredesign"pavethewindwall",thebuildingsonbothsidesoftheopeningbalcony,openingsonbothsidesoftheouterwalltwoDangFengQiang,makethetwoventilationwalltoformatrumpet-shapedpocket,willwindshopiscaughtinthebalcony,andthenintotheairthroughthebalconydooropeningsizecontrol,formthe"airlocks",caneffectivelycontroltheindoorventilation.buildingenergy-savingdesignofdoorsandWindows.Accordingtostatistics,inourcountryexistingenergyintensivebuilding40%oftheenergyisdissipatedthroughthedoorsandWindows.Therefore,solvetheproblemofthedoorsandWindowsenergysavingisveryimportant.Theenergy-savingdesignofdoorsandWindowsshouldconsider:(1)controlarchitectureisdifferenttowardthewindowwallarearatio;(2)setthesunshademeasuresspecifiedinthestandardsforenergyconservationinourcountry,theregionwithhotsummerandwarmwinter,hotsummerandcoldwinterareasandcoldareasinthecoolingloadofbuildingexternalWindows(includingthetransparentcurtainwall)shouldbesetupoutsideshading;(3)accordingtotheneedtoproperlyorganizeventilationdoors,Windows,trytousenaturalventilation;(4)thecold,coldareaconstructionofoutsidedoorsetcross-barsortakeotherappropriatemeasurestoreducetheinfiltration,otherpartsofthebuildingoutsidedoorandheatpreservationandheatinsulationmeasuresshouldbetaken;5)choosehigh-performancebuildingdoorsandWindowsandcurtainwalltechnology,buildingdoorsandWindowsandcurtainwalltochangethenegativethermalinsulationofsingleenergysavingideas,theenergyconservationandrationalutilizationofsolarenergy,undergroundhot(water)canbecombined,windactivelychooseenergysavingandenergy(canusesolarenergy,cold,wind,geothermal)combiningthedoorsandWindowsandcurtainwallproducts.5)buildingpalisadestructureenergyefficiencydesignindetails.Detailsoftheenergysavingdesignforthestructureoftheoverallenergysavingisalsoveryimportant,fromeachofthefollowingareas:(1)hotmouthreliableinsulationshouldbetakenofpartsofthebridgeand"brokenbridge";(2)theouterwallandrelativecomponentsattachedtothewallcomponents,suchasbalcony,raincover,byexteriorbalconycolumnboard,airconditioningseparate-bodiedair-conditionersshelf,pilaster,convexWindows,decorativethreadpartitionandthermalbridgeinsulationmeasuresshouldbetaken;(3)aroundthewindowofthelateralwall,shouldbeheattreatment;(4)thegapsbetweenthedoorandwindowframeandwallbody,highefficiencyheatpreservationmaterialshouldbeadoptedin;Around5doors,windowframesandthegapsbetweentheplasterlayer,appropriateUSESinsulationsealingmaterialsandsealingpastesealing,interfacecraze,avoiddifferentmaterialsaffectthethermalperformanceofadoor,window;6.Usingfullglasscurtainwall,partitionwall,floorslaborbeamandcurtainwall,theclearancebetweentheshouldfillthethermalinsulationmaterial.2.2.2rationalarch