上海高考Summary如何写

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Summary如何写（I)说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例TheProblemPackaging第一段Alargerubbishispackagingmaterial.oftenmakesupmorepercentof。Tounderstandwhythisistruethinkofthecommonlyusedfora，suchastoothpasteThepackagingincludesnotonlytubefortoothpaste，butalsotheboxthetube.Thisboxisintoplasticwrapper。Then,boxesaretransportedinacontainer。第二段Mostpackagingmaterialupinalandfillafteristhrownaway。Thoughnecessary,landfillstakeupvaluablespace,oftenstink，andcanleakharmfulsubstancesintosoil.notincluded,theproductionofpackagingmaterialitselfisamajorsourceofairandwaterpollution.第三段Peoplearenowtryingsolvetheproblemscausedpackagingmaterials。1991,Germanytheleadbyrequiringcompaniestorecyclepackagingusedtheirgoods.this，thecompaniessetuprecyclingeveryneighborhood。Consumersnowseparatetheirintothreecategories—metal，papercartons.Theyputitintotheappropriaterubbishsorted,itistransportedtoarecyclingcompanyforprocessing.第四段

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Theprogrammeworkedwellatfirst。However，theamountofrubbishhasbeguntoincrease。Oneforthisisthatconsumersnolongerreducewastebecausetheythinktheproblemissolved.Itseemsthattodealwiththeproblemofrubbish,everyonemustremainvigilantdotheirpart.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲largesourceofrubbishispackaging。Itmakesupmorethanpercentofthetotal.后的牙膏的情只是举例说明咯。第二段呢?讲了层意思，一层垃圾入埋场后造成污染；二层：这些包装材料生产过程中，会产生对空气和水的污染第三段中心句很清晰啊Peoplearenowtryingtosolveproblemscausedpackagingmaterials.

后面的德国的事情也是举例子,政府啊，制造商啊,个啊，采取什措施来试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题最后一段了尽德国的方法起到了一定的作用，但，又有些人开始神兜兜起来了。包装材料的污染仍是个大问题啊，我们不能放弃警惕。说明文概要模板a.象揭示类：Thisarticlepointsoutthephenomenon—-(主题which…。(补充解释）b。弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesdisadvantages/benefitsofAA…while…Thepassagediscussesimpactsth.Onpositive…，butitalso….c。究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat…

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Thepurposethereportisshowthat…Thearticlepointsoutofpackaging.Aboutonethirdresultsfrompackaging，whichcausedamageenvironmentproductionafterendingin。Thoughtheprogramscarriedoutcombattheproblemaretemporarilysuccessful,problemremainsgreatconcern.(50words)Summary何写（Adrivinggoalmostwebsitesisforsitetobeeasilyfoundbypeopleforproductsorservices。Onethewayspeoplemayfindthesesitesisviaasearch。Withthisinmind,companiesobviouslywanttheirwebsitesappeal

(完整版上海高考Summary如写tosearchenginesas。第一段文字讲网站要让搜索引擎喜欢那预测下，接下来的文字可能会是该怎么让搜索引擎喜欢呢？有什么要注意的要素呢?）Firstofall，websitecontentshouldbeandtimely.（一句话是主题句网站内容要独特新颖且及时)Onlycontentensuresthatcustomerswillfrequentyourwebsiteandalsorecommenditfriendsvialinksorthroughsocial。Thisofsharingnotonlygivessitemorechancesofpublicexposureitalsohelpstopushupyoursearchenginerankings,extendspsychologicalimplicationotherengineusersaspeopletendtofollowsuitNowsearchasGoogleusefriendlinessarankingsignal（这个词出现了，后面几段文字都是在讲搜索引擎会关注的ranking啊,这个词在summary中必须出现啊inrankingalgorithm(算法.Therefore,ifsitenotapplicablemobiledevices,areofferingalessexperiencetousersinresultsearchengineswilltaketheintoaccount.（这段文字的主要词眼是mobilefriendliness)AnotherrankingsignalthatGoogleandothersearchenginesweighheavilyispagespeedoverallsiteperformance.(又是主题句键词是speed和overallsiteperformance）Ifyoursiteisloadedwithmanyhigh-resolutionimagesandvideosorotherelements，muchviewingwillbecaused.Thesemakesluggishslowloadingfrustrateandoftendrive。’stimetoreducepagesizeasallthevisitorsappreciatefasterdownload.Someareevenwillingtotradebettervisualexperienceshighviewingspeed.Asuserpreferencestandsontopofanysearchengine'slistofpriority，engineswillveryfavorablyuponthespeedimprovementsofthewebsites。Inaddition,forahot，appropriatefrequencyisalso（又

(完整版上海高考Summary如写是主题句，词眼是updatefrequency)contentcurrentandupdateitfirstlaunched，itwillsoonfreshnesstheexplosionofothervariousonlineresourcesIfthecontentonyourwebsiteshasappearedothersitesbefore，yourwebsitesoonerorlatertobedesertedbecauseofhumans’naturehavingaboredomthreshold(门槛)。Inturn,yourwebsite'ssearchrankingwilldropdrastically.Finallydon’tlookdownoncustomer。（题句,关键词是customerexperience)Toooftenpeopleignorethebenefitsofcreatingviewingexperiencethatisenjoyable.Whenassessingyourwebsite'suserfriendliness,understandthateaseofcomesfirst,butdodiscountbenefitsofaddingbitdelightintothatexperienceas整理下思路：该文章主要讲了网站为了迎合搜索引擎，必须要考虑到搜索引擎的一些rankingsignals分别是uniqueandtimelycontentfriendlinesspagespeedandsiteperformance,appropriateupdatefrequency和enjoyablecustomerexperience。Thisarticlefocusesonhowwebsitesmakethemselveseasilyaccessibletousersthroughsearchengines.Therankingsignalstobeconsidereduniquecontentmobilefriendliness,pagespeedsiteperformance,appropriatefrequencyenjoyable。(41words）总结语言图式，内容图式，结构图式教师在讲解试卷的过程中,如果只是就题目而分析的话，可能就失去了很多好的机会让学生

(完整版上海高考Summary如写更立体的了解一段文字，往往我们更多地关注文章的语言图式和内容图式,对结图式避而不谈，这是“只见树木，不见森林”的做法如果学生对文章的结构脉络了解清楚的话，对做完形，阅读题都是十分有帮助的，当然，写文章一样。summary很重要的一点就是要看出文章的结构当然，该文章是说明文，本来结构就比较清楚Summary何写(说明文OnEarth,theredoubtthattheyhavehighlydevelopedsensestoaliveand。whilesometheirfeaturesmaybetaste,touchandsmellinhumans,haveyouwondered-—canplants这整文章作者想要解决的问题）

(完整版上海高考Summary如写On，cumulativeplantsis1000timeshigherthanthatofanimals。Buttheseplantsareimmobileandmovearoundintheirenvironmentis,seeminglyprettyevolutionary。Thishasforcedplantstoadaptinamazingwaysthatoftengounnoticedbythenaked。Smellsomething？Plantsdotoo—andtheyreacttothesechemicalsintheair。example，whenfruitsstarttoripen,theyreleasechemicalethylene.Andwhenneighboringfruitssensethispheromonetheyripenfaster，sothatallfruitsmatureatthesametime.Plantsoffscentswhichattracttospreadtheirpollen。Inparticular,flowerstinyhairs,feelandsmelllikerottingfleshinattempttomimicadeadcorpse。Thisistoattractfliesbeetlesaspollinators.Onotherhand,whenaplantisbyinsect,animalitknows。Whenacaciatreesarebyanimals，quicklyreactbyproducingchemicalscalled，maketheirleavesunappetizingtoughto。Someproducetoxintokilltheanimal.Perhapsmoreimpressivearesomecorncottonwhicheatenbycaterpillars,releasechemicalsintheairthatattractparasiticwasps，whoflyinandultimatelykilltheinsects。（以上这些文字讲植物会想方设法地解决他们遇到的一些问题On，theycommunicatewiththe。Crazyasseems，recordingscaterpillarschewingleaves，triggerresponse.fromoftouch，plantsreact,asiftheycan。（这段文字讲了植物也会和周围环境中的物种交流感情！这也太神奇了点。OnalargeplantsalsotogetherAofundergroundfungicanconnecttreerootsinforests，themexchangenutrientsandinformation.

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Usingradioactiveisotopes,scientistsdiscoveredthattreessharewaterandnutrientswithinneed。treesnourishshadedonesaretalltoreachsunlight，Andtreesthatstaygreenroundsharenutrientswithtreesthatlosetheirleavesinwinter,helpingthroughWhichisrepaidinthesummermonths,liketransactional。Somescientistrefertothisasthe"wood-wideweb".(这段文字了植物也懂得如何共生！合作Perhapsthemostshockingfact,

isplantsseemhave。Mimosapedicabplants,arethoseleafyplantsclosewhentouched.reflexismeanttoscareinsectsthatlandonthem。anexperimentonthesereflexesscientistsnoticedroppedfrom，theywouldclosetheyhitthe，NotsosurprisingButafterrepeatingthedrop4or5，someplantsstoppedclosingasthoughtheyhadrealizedstimuluswasn'tharmful.Iftheywereshakeninsteadtheywouldclose,anytimetheyweredroppedfromthisheight,stayedopen。Thiseffectlastedforweeks-theplantshadmemories.（段文字讲了植物也是有记忆的万别招惹他们，哈哈哈)Ofdon’thavebrainsorcellsorgansdeemforintelligence。andneuronsareirreplaceable,plantsareimmobileandoftenattacked，sobetosurviveafterpartthemeaten，ordestroyedbrainjustwouldn’twork.youmeasureintelligenceorthoughtastosolveinteractwithanenvironment，andworkingroupsthenplantsareincrediblysmart.（这段文字是总结后的一句尤其赞，基本概括好了前文所讲的内容，但有点搞不懂的是为什么对memory两段文字视而不见呢）：Thisarticlefocusesonwhetherplantsaresmart.Researchhasshownplantshave

(完整版上海高考Summary如写intelligencebecausetheyarecapableofdealingwithproblemstheyencounter,communicatingtheenvironment，cooperatingwithotherplantsforsurvivalandthattheymemories。Thoughlackingbrainsorothercells,plantsareintelligent.（48words）Summary何写？—人记叙文【P1Theteacherdidthemosttoencouragewasithappened,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.Manigault,wifeofmymother’sbrotherBill.Shetaughtinsecondgradeatall—blackSummerSchoolinCamden，Jersey。（第一段文字简单介绍文章主角和作者的关系后我同学问,该用第几人称写该是三人称吧【P2】Duringmychildhoodyouth,Myrtleencouragedmeeveryaspect

(完整版上海高考Summary如写ofpotential，(dominantimpression）withoutforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleblack（supportingdetailsIto；shetovoiceandpronounceditgood.couldn’tdance；shemethebasicsteps。Shemetothetheatre，notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesandherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasdisappointed.（这段文字的第一句话是很重要的,是文章猪脚的dominantimpression,应该也是写summary时可以用的到的。之,是具体的支持细节提到了作者唱歌，跳看喜剧的培养，如果提炼一下，应该就是指对作者在艺术art方面的培养。【P3details2)auntalsodownbooksfromherandsharedthemwithIhadathome，wereallseriousclassics.aschildhadastronglikinghumor，IneverforgetofdiscoveringDonMarquis’sMehitabel。(这段是第二个支持细节，提到了对作者在文学阅读方面的影响，literarypursuit方的影响)【P4）Mostimportantperhaps,Myrtleprovidedfirstopportunitywriteforpublication.Awriterforoneofnewspapers,shesuggestedmytheasacolumnistcolumnbegunIfourteenwassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities—anddid-butitalsogavemethefreedomtoonasasgatheringmaterialthedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines，and,aftergraduationfromcollegesixyearslater,solidcollectionofpublishedthatcarriedmynameandwasmypassporttoaserieswritingjobs.（这段是最后个支持细节，提到文章猪脚对作者在写作道路上的影响【P5）TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofnieceLikediamond,reflectedabright

multifaceted

（多

(完整版上海高考Summary如写面的imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhocrossedpath.(最后一段是总结性文字：ThearticleintroducestheauntMyrtleC。Manigault,ainanall—blackSchoolNew。Mytlealwayssupportedwriterandencouragedtoherinareaslikeart,literaturewriting.madepupilsbelievetherewerepossibilitiesinlife。下面是关于summarizing的一些tips.Summarizingaordistillingitsconceptsaparagraphortwo,isastudytoolaswellasgoodwriting。Asummaryhastwoaims：（1)toreproducetheoverarchingideasina，theconceptsthatthroughentirepiece。(2)toexpressoverarchingideasusing，specificlanguage.Whensummarize,youcannotonlanguagetheauthorhasusedtodevelophisorheryouawaytogiveanoverviewofthesewithoutyoursentencesgeneral.mustalsomakedecisionsaboutwhichconceptstoleaveinandwhichtoomit，takingintoconsiderationyourpurposesinsummarizingyourviewwhatisimportantintext。Herearesomemethodsforsummarizing:First，priortoskimming,useofthepreviewingtechniques。1.Includethetitleandidentifytheinfirstsentence.2.firstsentenceortwoofyoursummaryshouldcontainthe’sthesis,orcentralconceptstatedinyourownwords.isideathatrunsthroughthe

(完整版上海高考Summary如写entiretext-—theoneyou’dmentionsomeoneyou：“Whatisthispiece/articleabout?”Unlikestudentessays,mainideainaprimarydocumentacademicarticlestatedlocationatthebeginning.，graduallydevelopedthroughoutthepieceoritmaybecomefullyapparentonlyatthe。3。summarizinglongerarticle,trytoseehowthevariousstagesintheexplanationorargumentarebuiltupingroupsofrelatedparagraphs。Dividetheintosectionsifitisn’tdoneinpublishedform.Then,writeasentenceortocoverthekeyideasineachsection.4.thatarenotreallycentraltheDon’tfeelthatyoumustreproduceauthor'sexactprogressionof。（Onotherhand,becarefulnottomisrepresentideasbyomittingaspectsoftheauthor5.Ingeneral，omitminorspecificexamples.some，anextendedexamplemayapartoftheargument,sowouldwanttomention6.Avoidwritingorpersonalresponsesinyoursummaries（saveforactivereadingresponsesortutorial。7.Becarefulnotplagiarizeauthor’swords.Ifyoudouseevenafewoftheauthor’swords,theymustappearinquotationmarks.Toavoidplagiarism，trywritingfirstdraftofyoursummarywithoutlookingbackthetext.Summary如写（——说明HumanNature

(完整版上海高考Summary如写ForthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumansomethingthatconstitutestheessenceof。Therewerevariousviewsaboutconstitutesit，buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexists——thatissay，thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichismandefinedasrationalbeing,associal，animalthatcantools,orasymbol-makinganimal.（第一段文字主要讲述对人性的传统的看法Morerecently,traditionalhasbeguntobequestioned句话是承上启下哦。接下来开始分析传统看法被原因Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.（因之一：主题句，其中关键字眼是historicalapproach)Anofthehistoryhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealisticassumethatmenineveryhavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled”humannature.”historicalreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofanthropologyThestudyprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversitycustoms，values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedatthemanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitsAnotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthasoftenbeenasshieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanarecommitted.Innamehumannature,forexample,Aristotlemostthinkersuptoeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoproverationalitynecessityofcapitalistof，scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness，andselfishnessinnatehumantraits.Popularly，cynically”humaninacceptingtheinevitabilityofundesirablehumanbehavioras，murder,

(完整版上海高考Summary如写cheatinglying.Anotherreasonforaboutconceptofhumannatureliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.（原因之二:主句：关键字眼是evolutionarythinkingOncemancametobeseenasdevelopingprocessofevolution，theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyevolutionarystandpointcanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemthenatureofman.ThearticletworeasonstraditionalviewshumannaturebythinkerssincetheGreekphilosophersarebeingchallenged.Onereasonisthathistoricalperspectivesareincreasinglyemphasized，theotherbeinginfluenceofevolutionarystandpointon。写摘要的技巧1）除细节。只保留主要点.2)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子那么只要把它们变成一两句即可。3)免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。4）缩长的句子。如下列例：“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalled—like。”

(完整版上海高考Summary如写可以概括为"Hewasverybraveinbattle。"“Hewasupformoneyandbeingpressedbyhiscreditor可以概括为wasinfinancial”5）还可以使用词组代替句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“BeautifulmountainslikeMount，Lushan，andMountHuang，werevisitedbyonlyafewpeoplethepastToday，betterwages，holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains，andbettertrainbusservices,havebroughtwithinreachofwhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyears。"可以概括为mountainslikeMountoncevisitedbyonlyafew，aretodayaccessiblemany，thankstowages，paidholidays，newhotelsbettertransportationservices.”6）用概括性的名词代替体的词，比如:“ShebroughtseveralEnglishnovels，afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation."可以概括为broughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthe7）用最短的连接词。比如可以使用，then，thusthough,不能使用atthesametime,thefirstplace,becausethese,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。8)章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把段的对白简化比如：Katelookedatdisapprovingly：Youusetoomuchsaltonyour，Paul—

(完整版上海高考Summary如写it’sgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisfrowned:onearthnot!Ifyoudidn'thaveyourfooditwouldawful…likeeatingorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,potatoesorpastacookedsalt！"Katewaspatient.Shedidn'tPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.saidfirmly:”Butmuchsaltisbadyou.Itcausebloodpressureandlatteron，heart-attacks.alsodisguisesthetasteoffood，thetasteswhichmuchmoresubtlethansalt，andwhichwehavelostthesensitivityappreciatemore。”可以用第三人称概括为：KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt。thoughtthateatingtoomuchdoharmtoPaul’shealththatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.Pauldisagreed。saidwithoutwouldbe。原文译文：对于自希腊哲学家以来的大多数思想家而言,很显的一点是，存在一种叫做人的天性的东西，它是构成人之本性的一种东西。对于是什么构成了人的本性的观点有很多,但是大家都一致地认为，这样一种本性是确实存在着的，也就是说确实有这样一种东西，由于它人才成为其为人因而,人就被造符号的动物.

定义为一种理性的生物，一种社会动,一种能制造工具的动物或者种会制最近，这种传统观念开始受到质疑.导致这种变化的原因之是人们越来越注重通过历史的方法对人类进行考察。对人类历史的考察表明，我们这个时代的人与早先时代的人大不相同，因而如果假定所有时期的人都存在着某种相似的可以称之为。人性的东西似乎是不切实际的。尤其是在美国这观点被许多文化人类学领域的研究所证实。对原始民族的研究发发现，风俗、价值观，情感以及思想是如此的多样化，以至于许多人类学家得出这样的概念，即人生下来只是一张白纸，但是每一种文化都在这张纸上写下各自不同的文章.导致人们倾向于否定一成不变

(完整版上海高考Summary如写的人性假说的另一个因素是,人性这个概念常常被滥用作一块盾牌，在它的保护下些最不人道的行为才得以发生。比如说，从亚里士多德直到18世纪多数思想家都以人性的名义维护奴隶桃而为了证明资本主义社会形态的合理性及必要性，学者们试图证明贪婪，竞争和自私是人类天生的特点。通常，人们在承认贪婪，凶杀，欺诈和说谎等不良的人类行为不可避免时，时常带着嘲弄的态度把它们称之为“人性对人性概念产生怀疑的另一个原因很可能是由于进化论思想的影响，一旦把人类看作是在进化论的过程中不断发展的。那么，这种认为在人性中存在着某种一成不变的东西的想法就站不住脚了。然而我相信，正是从进化论的角度，我们可以对人性这个问题有新的思考。Summary么写？遇到抽疯章怎么破下面我们来看一篇2014上海高考中的文章，是关于企业社会责任（Corporatesocialresponsibility)Moreandcorporationsaretakingancorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR).isupofthreebroad。（题句—-—-企业社会责任有三个层面构成）Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.(第一层面：传统的企业慈善工作）Companiestypicallyspendabout1of—taxprofitsworthyprojects。Butthatsimplywritingchequescharitiesisnolonger。Insomecompanies,shareholderswantknowthattheirmoneyisbeingtouse,andemployeestoactivelyinvolvedingoodworks

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderforbehavior.HencesecondofCSR，whichabranchofriskmanagement.（第二层面：风险管控）Startinginthe，environmentalsuchastheatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,industryafterhasblowstoreputation。So，companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagerisks。Theytonon-governmentalorganisations）andtogovernments,createcodesofconductdevotethemselvesmoretransparencyintheir。Increasingly，too。they，alongcompetitors,setcommonrulestospread。Allislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesthosethatgetaheadofthe。emphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayeroftheideathatitcanhelptocreate。（第三层面：强调机遇能创造价值）Ifapproachedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany’scompetitiveadvantageThatisthesortofthingchiefexecutivesto。Theidea"doingwellbydoing”haspopular。Nevertheless，businessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.youmeasureCSR？youbecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitors?IsthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetohadagreenstrategyCorporatesocialresponsibilityisnowasmainstream。Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities。Donebadly,CSRoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmfulDonewell,though，notsomeseparateactivitycompaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedvirtueisgoodbusiness。(最后一段，强调了企业社会责任对企业的重要性。

(完整版上海高考Summary如写：Thearticlediscussesthreemainlayersofcorporatesocialresponsibility，towhichbigcompaniesarecommitted.Specifically,thethreelayersincludetraditionalcorporatecharitywork,managingrisksbysettingcommonrulestheemphasisonopportunitytocreateAsamainstream，CSRcanorbreakcompanies常用句式1)Thispaperdealswith.。2）Thisfocusesonthetopics（that,having,etc)3）Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat4)Thisthesisdiscusses...5）Thisthesisanalyzes。..6）Thispaperprovidesanoverviewof7）elaborateson。.8）Thisoverview9)Thisarticlecompares。..andsummarizeskeyfindings.10）Thispaperincludesdiscussionsconcerning。.。11）paperpresents12)articlerolechemicalsin。13）paperaddressesimportanttopicsincluding14)touches15)stronglyemphasizes..

(完整版上海高考Summary如写17)articlenotonly。..butalso。..18)considers.19)providesamethodof。..20)introducesanapplicableprocedureto。21)offerslatestinformationregarding.。22）paperdevotedtoexaminingtheroleof。.。23)article24)expressesviews。25）paperreflectsstateof26)explainstheprocedures27)developsthetheoryof28)articletechniquesused。..29)investigatestheprocedures30）articleabout31)isto。.32)concerns.33）papergivesanaccountof...34）articletells35)triestodescribe.。.36）paperprovidesanalysisof.。.37)reportslatestinformationon.。38）Theauthorthisreviews39）Thewriterthispaperdiscusses40）Thewriterthisessaytriestoexplore

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(完整版上海高考Summary如写Summary何写（）-———问题解决型文WhyMcDonald’sSalesareFalling？EconomistMCDONALD’SrestaurantsstandamongAmericancapitalism'sgreatestsuccessstories.Startingwithjustburgerstallin，thefast—foodchain’semphasisquickservicestandardisedmenuhelpedgrowtomorethanacrossworld。hasbeenprofitable:afterawobblyperiodintheearlythe’ssharepricewentfrom$122003tomorethan$100atend2011.ButnowMcDonaldhaslostsizzle.Globalsaleshavebeendecliningsinceatleastlast。WhenthecompanyannouncesitsannualresultsJanuary23rd,analyststhinkitwillrevealitsfirst—yearfallinlike-for-likesince2002.What’sgonewrong？(通过一些数据表明麦当劳的销量在下降，为什么会出现此现象呢?提出问题）SomeofMcDonald'sproblemsstemfromoperationalmishapsacrosstheworld.(因之一：海外的麦当劳店出现的灾难性问题)Inparticular，businessinAsia—whereitmakesnearlyaquarterglobalrevenues-hasbeenhitseveralhealthscares。SalesinChinafellsharplyafteroneofitssupplierswasdiscoveredlastJulyusingexpiredandcontaminatedchickenandbeef.Morerecently,severalJapanesecustomershavereportedfindingbitsofplasticandevenatoothintheirfood.Geopoliticsnothelped.LastyearsomeRussianoutletsweretemporarily

(完整版上海高考Summary如写foodinspectorsseeminglyinretaliationforAmericanEuropeansanctionsagainstRussiaovermilitaryinterventionUkraine。SomepoliticiansRussiahavecalledthechaintothrownoutthecountrycompletely.ButMcDonald'salsohasproblemsathome。（原因之二：麦当劳国内的店也存在一些问题）facescompetitionfromotherfast-foodchainsasKing，whichbeengainingmarketsharewithaandcheaperversionofMcDonald's。AnditbeingsqueezedbymoreupmarketrestaurantsasShakeShackChipotleMexicanGrill，whicharerapidlygrowing.Theyhavebeenluringcustomers—particularlyyoungerones—awayfromMcDonald’schickennuggetsandbyofferingslightlybetterqualityfoodahighlevelofcustomisation（suchoptiontotheingredientsaorburger)sometableservice。（以上两段文字分析了麦当劳销量下降的原因分析问题）McDonald'sseemstohaveoptions：（可能的解决方法toemulatelikesofBurgerandgobacktobasics,ortospruceitselfuptocompetewiththelikesofShakeShack。Thechainseemstobetryingtoboth.Ittwo，oneofferingamenu,“Createyourtaste"，lettingcustomerscustomisetheirburgers.Similarly，itopened“McCafés”severalcountries.InFrance,oneofthefewpartsoftheworldwhereMcDonald'ssalesstillrising,theseoffermacarons,teainchinacupsandsaucers,aswellassomelimitedwaitressservice.Ithasnalwaysgonesmoothly：sometherestaurantsinPariswereforcedtosignsthesaying“pleasedonotthrowawaythecrockery”.AsMcDonald’striestoitself，itmayfindthatdisposingitstraditionalimagemuchharder。文章的结构思路：

(完整版上海高考Summary如写提出问题McDonald'slostitssizzle.Whathasgonewrong?分析问题1.ofMcDonald’sproblemsstemfromoperationalmishapsacrossworld；2。McDonald'salsoproblemsat。可能的解决方法McDonald'sseemstohaveoptions:1。emulatethelikesofBurgerKingandgobackto；2.tospruceitselfuptocompetewiththelikesofShake。ThearticleexploreswhyMcDonald’ssalesfalling,whichisthecombinedconsequenceoperationaldisastersfrombothhomeandinternationalshops.Twopossiblesolutionsare：toimitatebusinesseslikeBurgerKingandtoreconstructitselftorivalstoreslikeShakeShack.

(完整版上海高考Summary如写Summary何写（Therearenowproductsservicesonthemarketwhichsimilarincontentthoughproducedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,acompanytodistinguishitselffromitscompetitorshavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediatelyrecognizable.Logosarepartofthisimage。Theyarewhichainitialstoidentifycompany。Thelogoestablishesaidentityforthejustasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.groupsallandthroughoutagescolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity。第一两段文字引出了这一概念，何为logo及logo有啥功能。其中关键的语言包括avisualidentityforthecompany和distinguishitselffromitscompetitors.Indifferentcultures,differentcolorscarrydifferentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedcoldnessinc