南昌大学1001英语 历年考博真题

历年真题2017年南昌大博士研究入学考试英试题PartⅡ

(40%)passagesthispartsomeorunfinished.ForofthemchoicesA,B,CandDYoudecideonbestthenthecorrespondingletterthe．Questions16to20onthefollowingpassageSometimesoverspanof,abusinesswillcontinueto,generating-,stockincreaseddividendsreducing,,expanding,movingintomarkets,etc.,whileatthetuneitsremainsstagnant(orevenfalls)．happens,theandprofessionaltooverlookbecausetheyfamiliarwiththerange．Take,for,Wal-Mart.Overthefive,retailingbehemothhasgrownsalesbyover80％,100％,yetthepriceasmuch30during.,picturehaschangedAninvestorreadtheannualreportin2000orhavethe,ittooexpensivebasedonametricsuchastoearningsratio.,howevertheequationisdifferentdespitetheprice,WalMartisin,halfitsformereachsharebydividend,power,,abigger.HomeDepotsameboatWallanalystsfastofthe'slargestcompaniescancontinuetheirdowntherateofthe．-anotherofphenomenon.years,,thetradedarangeof$．10$54per.Attheithadperof$．40paidadividendof$．50.perbookwas$．48Lastyear,thetradedwithinrangeof$．30$45per;squarelyinthemiddleofareaithadbeennearlyadecadeprior,despitestagnant,2006LineInvestmentforsharestand$2ariseof％),cashdividendhasmorethandoubledto．20bookto$．40againofnearly％),thetotalnumberofshares(未付的完成的hasfrom2anestimated2．the'sharerepurchaseprogram．．Thisisa．AFindHiddenMarketB．C．GetGoodBargainsD．italicized“stagnant”(line4,.1canbebestas______AprominentB．terribleC．D．．WalisnowtradingmuchAithasstoredlargequantityofBithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC．ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytoD．agoodwaywithretailing．Allfollowingshared-MartCoco-Cola．186

AthecashdividendincreasedBthepowerbecomestrongerC．businesseshavecontinuedgrowD．．theauthor．AmorethefallsdownBoutthestockfallsdownC．researchthevalue.ofaitsfallsdownD．itsfailsdownQuestions21to25onthefollowingpassage．Todayscollegestudentsarenarcissistic(自的)selftheirpredecessorsfivepsychologistsworrythattheharmfulrelationshipssociety“Westopendlesslyrepeating'specialhavingchildrenrepeat,”the'leadauthorProfessorofState“Kids-enough.,narcissismalsohaveconsequencesforsocietyincludingtheofcloseothers”hesaidThethat“haverelationshipsthatare-lived,atriskforinfidelity,lackwarmthandexhibit-playing,,andoverandviolent”.Twengeof“GenerationMe：WhyTodayYoungAreMore,,EntitledandMoreThanEverBefore”,saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy,aggressivelytocriticismfavor-promotionoverhelpingothers．havetodaypeopleforcommitmentworkButTwengethisskepticallynotingthathighrequirecommunityserviceyouthspressuretolistsuch．Campbellsaidthenarcissism(非常明显)heifobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobe,”he.“potentialantidotewouldbemore.mightbefor.”Yet,whileacknowledginglegitimacyto,'tnecessarilyacceptgenerationHanady,Universityofsenior,saidsheworkedsummerhelpingrefugeesofherpeerstocivicminded.Butisdismayed(气馁；,)bythecompetitivenessofstudentsseemprematurelyfocusedcareer.“Werealottoandoutthereandwhatyou,andnobodyshouldin,”Kadersaid“Icangoalsandinofthingslikerelationships.”Kari,aUniversityof,ofherpoliticallyandnot-.“aboutthemselves--butintheofthey'regoingtofindainworld”shesaid.“look,have,butitdoesn't'renotabouttheofworld”Besides,someofresponsesnarcissismmightnotbeworrisome.“Itwouldbedepressingifpeopleanswered,',Imnot.”21Accordingtothe,may．the,narcissisticperson．186

AcriticismBhisC．beunwillingtohelpothersDAllthe．．italicizedword“”(line,.3．AB．criticized．recommendedD．disfavored．offollowingisNOTtrueaccordingto?ANarcissismmayresultconsequences．B．aretoinwork．C．Someareremediescounterthenarcissism．D．studentsareoverlyin-promotion．．Itimplied．AtheandcollegestudentsaboutofnarcissismBtheandstudentsdisagreeonthefindingsoftheC．theresearchersandcollegedisagreesomeoftheoftheD．collegepessimisticaboutfuture．Ityousomeone“'AobjectiveBpessimistic．D．Questions26to30onthefollowingpassageThetopassaofThursdayseekssignificantlytheplayingfieldforemployerscoulddecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries．TheFreeActtorecognizedcollectingmajorityofcardsinsteadofwaitingforNationalRelationsoverseeasecretelection,whichcanmoredaysthecardvoteis．ofbusinessCapitolHillthebillAssociationofFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.Sofbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftfromtheofworkers.“'taboutpreventingunionizationit'sprotectingrightssaidtheAssociationofManufacturerJason,oforganization'oppositiontobill.Straczewskithesecretballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion(旨迫,胁)．ofCIOcontendstherealcoercion.“Workerswhileworkersaren',”SamuelsaidHecites31casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedontheRelationsBoard2005．alsotoclaimsfromthebusinesslobbyballotwouldnotbeeliminatedchangewouldtakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutoftheofemployers“thegroundhavingthislegislationnotbedifference,”ShawoftheHarrisCentralLaborCouncilitwouldhaveonthelevel．Thebillprovisions(规，条款aswellTheFreeActwouldbinding(促裁whenaandanewlycon-after.Anworkedbindingarbitrationwouldineffectforyears,factcalls,borderlineunconstitutional“I'seehowitwillbenefitemployeesif'relocked,said．Thebill'sproponentspointofunionscontractsunwilling.FederalMediationandConciliation,oversees,in,45ofnewlyformeddenied186

firstcontractsbyThebillwouldstrengthenpenaltiesforcompaniesillegally.it,thelawthebookshasn'changedsubstantiallytheLaborRelationsActmadeintolaw1935TheNLBRnopenaltythanwrongfullyfiredemployeesrecoveringwages．．ofthefollowingtheideaof?Abillspurlaborunion．B．Housebillto．C．EmployeeActaimsto．D．ChoiceActto'．．itsbill______Awill'rightsBwillworkersC．willunionstooD．itpossibleforemployeesyieldtocoercionfromunions．word“”line,Para)refers．AthechangeBC．theAFLCIODdifference．thebillbecauseoffollowingreasonsEXCEPTAthebillwillunionstohaveofindustriesBthebillwillallowarecognizedearlierandaeffectlocalC．arbitrationwillbetoemployeesifatbebetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompanyD．billwillstrengthenforillegallyoremployees．Itimplied．AunionsinBworkers'oftenunionsC．thebillwillawin-winforandemployersD．thebillwillbeQuestions31to35onthefollowingpassageAmericanshadaprofoundimpact,changing'viewsonrace,historyandpolitics.followingisasamplingandtheworldwithspiritandideals．MuhammadAllMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutinLouisville,,learningfight12afterofficersuggestedhetodefendhimself.yearslater,hewasOlympic,onwinworldheavyweight.becameasmuchfor趾高气扬theringhismovementinit,convertingtoin1965,hisAlijointheU.S.religious.Aliremainedafterhiscareerendedandhedeveloped',evenlightingtheOlympic1996conveyingthevirtuesoffollowingtheSeptemberterroristattacks．.E．(WilliamDuBois)Bornin,wasonemostprominent,intellectualsoftimeAnacademicactivist,Duco-foundedtheNationalAssociation186

forPeople(NAACP),“Crisis”wrotebooks,fourjournalsarticlesInperhapsfamous,“TheSoulsofFolk”,in1903,“theof20th[betheofthecolorlineLuther．The.King.consideredofthemostpowerfulandofcivilmovement.He带头；作先),nonviolentinitiativeofmarchessit-,and-ed'towardracerelations.wasawardedNobelin1964．XBlackleaderMalcolmXaboutconceptsofnationalisminthe.denouncedtheofpeoplebywhitesandalargefollowing,whichin．intheleaderafterSpike'“MalcolmX”wasreleased．JackieIn1947,RobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgersbecomingthefirstbaseballplayerintheUS.Afterretirementbaseballin,heremainedactivecivilyouth.,becamethe-inductedintotheBaseballHallof．．offollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?AHeneverservedin．B．Hetofightan．C．Hishisretirementfromboxing．D．Hepeace．italicizedword“prolific”(line2Para.3is．AsmartB．skilledC．D．pioneering．the,whichofthefollowing?A.E．BBoisengagedinthecausestatusofcolored．B．JackieRobinsonwasU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughout．C．MartinKingJrwashighlyforhiscontributionsthecivil．D．MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinafterdeath．Whatcommonamongthein?AEachenormoussuccessin/fieldwas．B．Eachwashis/hercausebut'twinuntil．C．Allandfamousinseveralintheir．D．Allpeaceandremainedcivil．．offollowingcanbeatitleofthe?ALifeofFamousBofAfricanC．PoliticalPioneersD．PioneersPartⅢ

Vocabulary(10Thereare20sentencesin.ForeachsentencetherefourA,BandD．theonecompletesorisinwithunderlinedwordAndthetheANSWERSHEETwithlinethrough．Thebuildingcollapseditsfoundationwasto______theweight186

ofthe．AsubsideB．．initiateD．sustain．very______atthebyopponent．AextraterrestrialB．explicitC．indignantD．innovative．ItisknowntoallthatchildreninhaveswimminginsummerbecauseoftheweatherAinclinationB．C．．torchwas______byafamousattheofthemeeting．Aimplement．deceiveC．ignited．Thesehavekindofwaterinordertoprotect．AimmersedB．crispedC．D．arrayed．talktheclearly______fromthethesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof．AB．amplified．designatedD．ThreehomefromtheUnited．AB．CDenveloped．A______planneedsacceptedlowerthepricesincitiesA．disincentive．Dfantastic．Sometimesand,thenumberABfascinates．D．wasverywordsandbehaviorofaudienceinthe．AB．D．limped．countriesandincreasedgreatdealinforeigntradeAB．．metricD．cordial．thatsheshouldthespecialistinthisfieldAB．CD．UnitedNationofConferencewouldsoonproduceoceanminingtreatyfollowingits______declaration1970theheritageof．AB．abstractautonomousD．．Theytolarge.Doknowofinthis?AB．CD．vacate．dampinenableplantstoget______quickly．AB．denounced．Ddeduced．Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea(n)______actiontostrengthenthemarket．AdiverseB．epidemic．localwereunhappythecurfewinanddecided．AdisgraceB．disguise．defyD．Theysharedsame______onthematterApotentialityB．sentiment．D．subscription．Wecannotbe______withhimduehismeeting．ApeckedB．reconciled．D．presumed186

．Badconditionshadseriouslytheirprogresstointhat．AtuggedB．demolished．hampered．PartⅣ

Cloze(%)Thereareblanksinfollowingpassage.ForfourchoicesCandDshouldONEfitsintothepassagemarkthecorrespondingthe．riseaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldthreatenlargeofat.one-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithinofacoastlineofthe'wouldbe56:New,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairocountries--MaldivestheIndian,inPacific--wouldbeinundatedcoastalareassuchasin,largepopulationslowlyingareas．Warmeroceansstrongertyphoons59incoastalfloodingpossiblyswampingagriculturalthe.mayasfloodingforcesintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingsupplies,,naturalbewithocean,destroyingoftheanimalthere．suppliesforestswouldbe64.inrainfallwoulddisruptagriculturewould--.warmingwouldalsotheplantssuchasandthethecrops．Humanbe.Warmingcouldtropicalclimatebringingwithityellow,,diseases.Heatandmortalitycouldrise.Theharmfuloflocalizedwouldbeseriousinwillbe70fromwarming.-willintheArcticnorthwill71agriculturallands,andwarmerwillmakeoftoday72thesebenefitswillinindividual.natural--bothplantanimalwillablethanmantoandAnychangeoftemperaturerainfallsealevelofthenow74willbedestructivetoandthingstoaswellThelistofofglobalwarmingsuggestsveryclearlythatwemusteverythingunderstanditscausesandtotakeallpreventadapttopotentialandinevitabledisruptions75warming．ABD．A．whichBC．D．'AdislocationBCDdistinction．A．BramblingCresultingD．rallying．A．B．C．ExpandedD．A．inlandB．coastalCD．A．-B．mountain．wetlandsD．．A．unique．C．．．A．B．adversely．D．serially．A．Bgenerate．D．fuse．AhikingBhugging．attackingDactivating．A．B．．D．enlarge186

．A．BvaluesC．effectsD．．A．conditionsB．．D．evolution．A．B．benefits．adoptionsD．．A．alternateB．abuse．advocateDcreate．A．accidentalB．．Dambient．A．adapt．alleviateC．agitateD．assertABconformedconsoledDanticipated．A．tutoredB．relayedtriggeredDPartⅤ

TranslationEnglish(10followinginto,writeitonANSWERSHEETlookatthe-sidedhumanwell-.Energycontributespositivelytowellbeingsuchconsumerasandaswellasservingasathecostsofenergyincludingnottheanddevotedobtainingit,alsoenvironmental—fromwell．Forofhuman,energyhavecenteredonbenefitsideoftheenergy-well-equation.Inadequacyoforoftechnologiesfor,distributingthosebenefitsinconveniencedeprivationconstraintsongrowth',thena.Afterdecadesofconstancyordeclineincostsofrelegationoftosecondarystatus—wasseentoinallrespectsItexcessivecoststhreatsinsufficient.ItbecamepossiblethinksomeformsofenergycreatecostsexceedingthebenefitsPartⅥ

Writing:arewriteinno200wordsthetitleof“HarmfulPlagiarisminFieldin”.baseontheinChinese.neatlyonANSWER．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象为名未来的博士研究生如看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。参考答案ⅡReadingA17CB19D2021DAB24C26A27D．．A30A31．C．．34．A35DⅢD37CA39DAD4243AC45B4647D．A49．．A．52C53B54B55．CⅣClozeDBA60BAB65AC67D．69．A70B71D72B．A．．ⅤfromintoChinese要想理解这种转变需要回顾一下能源和人类幸福这两方面的联系源人类的幸186

福积极地贡献着它不仅为经济产提供了必要的投入为人类提供了消费服务如供热和照明等但是消耗能源的代价低了人类幸福的程度些代价不仅包括投入开采和应用能源的资金和其他资源，还包括对环境、社会和政治所造成的影响。在人类历史的大部分时间里能问题人类主要关心的是能源消耗给人类带来幸福的方面源源的不足者多的是用来开采化和分配这些能源的技术力量的不足，组织的混乱导致能源效益不足因此阻碍制约了发展但20世年出现了一个转折点经过几十年的能源货币本的保持稳定或者下降之后—其环境和社会成本一直是被当作次要的成本在考虑—如今的能源无论从哪方面来看都变得更昂贵了的能源成本有可能开始对不足的能源供应造成威胁加源供应的一些形式可能造成成本高于利益也是可以想象的。ⅥWritingHarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicChinaCurrentlyitcommontopeople'orsentencesfortheirown,notonlythefieldof,butengendersexecrabletheaswellI,abusesbeasfollowing.Inthefirstwilloriginalcopyrightinwritingthinkingiftheircopyright'tprotected,theoforiginalare.Inthesecond,ittothosepeopleswritingthinkingexamplebehaviorwillleadtoschooloroffice,removala．HowtoholdbacksuchofbeingconsideredbyallofusOurgovernmentthestrengthofprotectingcopyright,setupofrulespunishtheplagiarizersandthemedia.Inthis,thecommonwillbecultivatedtopossessofprotecting．for,Iquotethinkingandwritingfromtheoriginalauthor,I'alterseveralafew.IshoulddoistomarktheorsentencesI．intheirwritingthinkingiftheir'beprotected.fortheoftheiroriginalde-creasedIntheplace,itisthosepeople'swritingthinkingexamplesuchbehaviorwillleadfromschooloffice,removalaandon．Howtoholdworthybeingconsideredbyofgovernmentthestrengthofprotectingcopyright.setupofrulespunishtheplagiarizersandpropagandathrougholassmediaInthiswaythecoololonwillbecultivatedtopossessofprotectingfor,Iquotethinkingwritingfromtheoriginalauthors,I'talterseveralwordsadjustafeparagraphsWhatIdoismarktheprovenancetheorsentencesI186

2016年南昌大博士研究入学考试英试题PartⅡ

&Expression:whichofwillcompletethesentenceifinsertedat.PuttheletterofinANSWERSHEET.(25Wolfeportrayedpeoplesoyoutoknowtheir,,-waseffective______．AmotivationBpointofviewcharacterizationD．appealtoas______commoninpoetry．AimaginativeB．imaginableCingeniousD．imagery．Ifyou'vegot,thingisseepersonconcerned______withhim．AtellitBhaveitoutC．itDitknown．haveseveralattemptsintroducegayerandstylesinmens,butnoneof．AcaughtonB．hashimC．hasD．take．retiredengineerplunkeddown＄50000informidMercedesasforwifewithmoneymadethetheweekbeforeApaidoffBpaidthroughCpaidoutD．paidfor．Heright,inrequiringjudgmenthehasfound______．AlackitB．．inneedofitD．DanisHayestheessentialparadoxenvironmental______ontheofthe．AB．findingonly．tofindDhaveonlyfound．ofenvironmentandarenowlinkedAB．indispensableC．inextricablyD．needtoisdonedecisionthecourts．AintoBimposesonimpingesD．oftheUS.basketballplayersare,thenumberwouldgreaterthepracticeofforthesakeof．AitnotofBhaditnotforC．wereitnotforD．itnothavefor11．onewouldtimetoorlistenanaccountofeverything______worldAitBthereisC．Dis．Iftherethetoina,to______edgethesureststrategyisdevelopunexpected．AonB．C．against．．Justasarethatrequireorhigher,186

______fortechnical．AsotoothereBsoC．tooD．tooismythlawpermitstheAdministrationtorequirementsfor______while-meettheserigid．ABC．D．acridbiggesttheageintra-industrialwarsWavenationslikeBritainagainstan．ApittedBdroveDembarked．privateofeachmakeorherchoiceofbeliefs______withoutthepublicofthe,sustainsaoflawappropriatetoadeterminingassociationAnotpossibleB．notpossibleC．willnotpossibleD．cannotbepossible．Frombarbarianofthewesttheofpolitics______tumevolvedthepoliticsof．AofwhichBwhich．whichDbywhich．Portuguesegivedealoffortravel______,,wholivedin．ABcalledC．callingD．being．wasoneofof-______,hardlyanythingforthepasthadaforfutureAonthemselvesBmakingfaultC．faultD．remain．ofitsareworkingtomakecommodity______asfrozenyogurt．AubiquitousB．C．necessaryD．credible．forrebuildingthecity______totherefusalofCounciltheoftheitwouldhave．AdownBoff．felloutD．fellflat．Iftheyarewinoverbyobstinately______andmaketheslightest,mistaken．AholdingoutB．holdingtoCholdingoverD．holdingup．thatbysabotagebe．ABcancelledoutC．ruledD．．ex______inthehisbeforepassedawayAwalkingB．awalkC．givenforawalkD．awalk．Herelishhisfriends______ofcriticismor．AB．outC．runningtheD．aheadPartⅢ

:EachofthepassagesbelowissomeForfouranswersgivenReadthecarefullybestanswerquestion.PuttheSHEET)PassageItwasnormaldayinofCrossinNew.186

partofbuildingWest140thStreetin,fell.Bedsthroughthe,slidoftheirapartmentstheground,theCrosswas,shockedresidentsfindshelter,foodandclothing.itwasbackdowntownfor'big-raiser,theEleventhAnnualAward,the.“'swhyIhavehair,”,aRedspentmuchofthedaythesceneindrizzlingrainwasnowa,actuallyhishair't,framedcenterpieceoftulipsandjonquilsandperhapsbysubduedlightingfromcrystalchandeliers．Definitelynot-nightwasDolewifeofSenatorDoleandtheoftheRed.PresidentDolehas-coloredhair,whichcoifedshewaswearingafitted(“madeitfor!Ilovevelvet”exclaimedinenthusiastic,hostessvoiceand.Of,she'tintherain;shejustflownontheoclockfromWashington.iswithgreeneyesandfulldirectpersonalityShetiltsherattentively.therecipientoftheevening'sawardhaveincludedAliceTullyPrincessKhan．andmost,Brooke.exactlyatheendofwouldfindElizabeth,butgiversfamousforpoliticalinstinctswellasonesbluegoldendraperiesofballroommorethanthirty-dinnersetwithgroupingsofcandlesfloralcenterpiecesandRoyalDoulton.American.SowereBristolSquibbCoopers＆;theNewYorkTimesCompanyUnionBank;Chemical;York;...Price.Arlene,withherredbearded,presidedoveronetableOtherwiseittypical,captain-industry(nomodelsnostars!),whichthereseemsbeleastoneeverynightinNewYorkCity.Itnotasocietynight,butthefourthirtydollars．．Fromwhatwereadwecaninferthat“itnormalintheoftheinGreaterNewYorkmeansits______．AdealwiththeofinthecityeveryBarebusyhelpingwhofromdisastersC．duringandtointheeveningD．go,thedistrictofNewYork,everyandhelppeople．-inrefersto______．ADoleB．C．theAnnualAwardDinnerD．allthecompaniestheDinner．Peakehairdidntlook______．AahandsomeBwaswearingtulipsonhisC．heseenamongflowersD．sittingnearflowersinlight．______AtheoftheCrossandattheashostessBaandwifeofthepresidentoftheCross186

C．theoftheRedCrossitsmaintheAnnualD．inbecamean-latermarriedRobertDole．presenceofatthethefundraising______．AlessBatypical-C．．more-likePassageForethnologythemostofsciencesforthereasonitconcernsinnormalactivitiestherefore,if,thepossibledangersandadvantagesourroots.alsoismethodologicallyitcombinesinwaysveryscrupulousfieldobservationswithinlaboratories．ThefieldhavehadsomerespectforthemselvesForalongtimewereaslittlebetterthan-watcherscertainlynotscientistsweregainedbyexperimentalprocedurestheyconformto--ruleasetupsolvedbybetestedbyotherscientists,underidenticaland.Ofcoursesituationsintheofcannotberehearsedcontrolledinthis.Theflockingofwild'betheofoverdistancesoroffamilyrelationships.Sincenevercanbereproducedalaboratory,aretheyworthaboutThewhochoosefieldworkgotthemselvesoutofthisimpassegreatlyrefiningthetechniquesofobservingAttheoftheanimalsbestudiedare-,markedindividuallyreleasedMotionpictures,oftenincolor,of.ofanimals'voicesbyelectricalconsideredessentialthemeticulousnotesofthatoccurs.Withthismaterialother,farthe,latercanverify.,fieldgotogetherothersobservationsinfield．,thewordtheethos,meaningcharacteristicfeatureswhichdistinguishanyparticularofpeople,in,agroupofsucha.Ethnologistshavetheintentionof“wholeofwhichananimal'behavior.Inabridgedethnologydefinedsimply“objectivestudyofanimalbehavior”andethnologistswish．．Insentencethe“”AstandBareasbiologistsC．peoplebiologistsD．people．the,ethnologyisAabranchofbiologyBscienceC．pseudoscienceD．scienceforamateursfieldhandicapsinwinningforthemselves.meansAinfieldare186

BproblemsinrecognitionasscientistsC．aredownuponwhentheyinthefieldD．withofdifficultieswhenfieldwork．totheofscientificofexperimentinthe,“hardand-”experimentAaredifficultandBoutinandC．musttoavoidfalseandD．hardandunreasonableforscientiststoobserve35．meaningoftheunderlinedwordsin“theofspontaneousfamily”canbeexpressedasAnaturalfamilyBquicklyfamilyrelationshipsC．animalsactinglikefamilyD．familycannotbepreplannedcontrolledPassage3Theshiftinthehistoryofmass-intheandwellVictorHugoinafamousof“NotreDamedeItwasacathedral.Onallpartsgiantbuilding,stonerepresentationsofkindcombinedwithhugeofstainedglasstheoftheBiblethe,theof,advertedtheexistenceofhighlywinged,referredtomajestiespowerandinadditionbymeansofbellsinbelltowerstoldfortheofofandmuchofFrance.Itawesomeengineofcommunication．tosomethingstill.technologyofcommunicationwasportablesityour,andreplicableand,paradoxically,containedmoreinformationsystematicallypresented,thanthelargestof.Ittheprintedbook.Thoughitnotelltimetheoversuperiorityoftheinventionwas．Intheortwentyyearsweamore-timetoanewasa-population.inportability,,easeorderliness,reliability,andinformation-anythingachievablepenscribbling,,cabinetfilingisall.forcivilizationisundeniable,plainly,irreversible.,as'thedividedintogroupsofwhichprospered,whilethelapsedinto,the'striumphhasalsodividedthehuman．onlybringcomputerintoatobeginatoncewithand,downtoconductexperiments,andahatthebeeps,anduseofthecomputerprogramquicklyasathletesplayingdelightfulnew.it-howgrimforthe,thedefeatedclass,whosenotnaturallytocomputers.Thewhirrsandthemandtheirtwitch.Theymaybeeducatedasby-readingyettheirinstinctsareall,noofmanual-andmouse-clickingwillthemrightrequiredifferentsetofaptitudes,ifaremissing,littlebedonemiseryisguaranteed．Iscomputerindustrydividedmankindintotwonewpreviouslyunkn