六级阅读理解100篇文本(完整版)

千里之行，始于脚下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐六级阅读理解100篇文本(完整版)六级阅读理解100篇文本（完成版）CantheComputerLearnfromExperience

计算机会总结阅历吗

Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeasuringthecomputer’sprogressintheabilitytolearnfromexperience.

Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlysuitedtothecomputer.allaprogrammerhastodoisgivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverypossibleresponsetoeverypossiblemove,andthecomputerwillwineverytime.Intheorythisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.Today,apowerfulcomputercananalyze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchess—literallytrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheoryitcouldbe,givenenoughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.

Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.Itmustbeabletolearnfromexperience,tomodifyitsownprogramm,todealwitharelativelyunstructuredsituation—inaword,to“think”foritself.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-playingcomputershaveyettodefeatworldchampionchessplayers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplayersofonlyslightlylowerranks.Thecomputershavehadprogramstocarrythemthroughtheearly,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.Buttheyhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.

Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthisexampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.Buttherearemanyserioushumanproblemswhichbanbefruitfullyapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaywargamesandworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblems—internationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologyandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfamine—canperhapsbesolvedbythejointeffortsofhumanbeingsand

trulyintelligentcomputers.

Notes

check:agameplayedonacheckerboardbytwoplayers,eachusing12pieces

ecology:therelationshipbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment生态关系，生态学

Readingcomprehension

Thepurposeofcreatingchess-playingcomputersis__________

Atowintheworldchesschampion

Btopavethewayforfurtherintelligentcomputers

Ctoworkoutstrategiesforinternationalwars

Dtofindanaccurateyardstickformeasuringcomputerprogress

2Today,achess-playingcomputercanbeprogrammedto________

Agivetrillionsofreponsesinasecondtoeachpossiblemoveandwinthegame

Bfunctionwithcompletedataandbeatthebestplayers

Clearnfromchess-playingintheearlystageandgoontowinthegame

Devaluateeverypossiblemovebutmayfailtogivetherightresponseeachtime

3Foracomputerto“think”,itisnecessaryto________

Amangetoprocessasmuchdataaspossible