南京信息工程大学语言文化学院英语系试卷综合英语课程试卷卷参考答案及评分标准

南京信息工程大学2023─2023学年第1学期综合英语3课程试卷(B卷)注意：1、本试卷共9页；2、考试时间120分钟；出卷时间：20XX年12月3、姓名、学号等必须写在指定地方；4、本考卷合用专业年级：英语（本）20XX级任课教师：沈广湫、姜萍，张玉环学号姓名TaskOneSpelling(10%)Inthissection,youarerequiredtospellthewordaccordingtoitsEnglishdefinitionsanditsfirstletter.PleasewritedownyourwordsontheANSWERBOOKLET.1.a________asignatureofafamousperson2.e_________toillegallyforcesomeonetogiveyousomething,especiallymoney,bythreateningthem3.i_________rudeandnotrespectful,especiallytosomeonewhoisolderormoreimportant4.a________somethingthatisdifferentfromsomethingelse,especiallyfromwhatisusual,andofferingthepossibilityofchoice5.a__________toobtainsomething6.o_________ideas,methods,orbehaviorareacceptedbymostpeopletobecorrectandright7.n_________(especiallyofideas)unclearandlackingform8.i_______impossibletochange9.v_________almostentirely10.a_________lackingindividuality,distinction,orrecognizabilityTaskTwoTranslation(10%)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishwiththegivenwordsorphrases.PleasewriteyourtranslationontheANSWERBOOKLET.1.毕业后，她先是做老师，然后当了校长。（tostartwith）他请人把东西用一块蓝布包好，装进箱子里。(wrap)她获得了年度最佳女演员奖，大家都觉得她当之无愧。（deserve）他们旳争执源于一种小小旳笑话。(ariseoutof)老师对他们说，未来怎么样全看个人所受旳教育。(hingeon)TaskThree:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.PleasewriteyourtranslationontheANSWERBOOKLET.(10%)NooneremembersBranwell’sname,muchlesshisartorliterature,butBrontesister’stragicallyshotlivesteachusevenmoreoflifethanofliterature.Theirsacrificedgeniuscriesouttousthatinmodernsocietywemustvaluechildrennotbytheirphysicalstrengthorsexualgender,aswewouldanymerebeastofburden,butbytheirintegrity,strength,commitment,courage—spiritualqualitiesabundantinbothboysandgirls.PatrickBrontefatheredBranwell,butmoreimportantly,hefatheredAnne,EmilyandCharlotte.Werehealivetodayhewouldsurelyurgeustoputawayourpasséprejudicesandavoidhisowntragicandirrevocableerrorofputtingallofhiseggsinonemalebasket!TaskFourVocabularyandGrammar(20%)Thereare20sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.PleasemarkyourchoiceontheANSWERBOOKLET.IfAdamhadn’tbeenathome,he_______comeandfetchtheminhiscar.A.hadn’tbeenabletoB.wouldn’thavebeenabletoC.haven’tbeenabletoD.wasn’tableto2.Inabankyouusuallyhaveacurrentaccount,whichistheonewhereyouputyoursalaryandthen_______moneytopayyoureverydaybills.A.withdrawBoverdrawC.drawD.deposit3.WeaskedthemanofaMusicKioskifthereweretraditionalRussiansongssuchasAnEveningintheSuburbsofMoscow,andheseemedconfused.Sowesangthemelodyto___________.A.rackhisbrainsB.crosshismindC.joghismemoryD.bearinmind4.Thefactoryoperated__________untiltheorderwasfilled. A.attimesB.totheminuteC.daybydayD.aroundtheclock5.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature__________.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken6.Thedrunkardwasfound_______underthebenchinthepark.A.toliedeadB.lyingdeadC.liedeadD.lyingdied7.Inordernottobeheard,thewoman________thatsomeonewasmovingaboutinthebush.A.screamedB.shoutedC.spokeD.whispered8.Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we_______grababiteatthesnackbar.A.maywellB.justaswellC.mightaswellD.aswell9.Thedefendantwasfinallyfound______ofthecharge.A.ignorantB.innocentC.freeD.accused10.Heclimbedupintothetreeandpickedallthefruit_______reach.A.atB.nearC.withinD.beyond11.It’snogood_____him.Heisalwaysindifferenttowardsothers’matters.A.turningtoB.turningintoC.toturntoD.toturninto12.Itwasthedriver’s_______thatcausehimtosteponthegasinsteadofthebrakeafterhiscarwentoverthecurb.A.fraudB.alarmC.terrorD.panic13.Itisanimportant______ofthecompanytopromoteitsnewproducts.A.toilB.taskC.laborD.work14.Lookingfromthevillagebridge,youwillseethatthegreenfield______asfarasthosetreesdownthere.A.spreadsB.growsC.expandsD.stretches15.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromisedus.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what16._______drillsthathavenorealtopichavetoremainastheyare.A.ManufactureB.ManipulativeC.ManipulateD.Manifest17.InTransformingMars,therecommendedprogram______fivestages.A.fallsintoB.fallsforC.fallsdownD.fallsin18.Theaudiencewaitedin______silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.A.respectiveB.respectC.respectfulD.respectable19.Youngpeoplearenot________tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.A.conservativeB.contentC.confidentD.generous20.Theyfoundthelecturehard______.A.tounderstandB.forunderstandingC.tohaveunderstoodD.understandTaskFiveReadingComprehension(20%)Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedby20questionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswerorcompletethestatement.PleasemarkyourchoiceontheANSWERBOOKLET.PassageOneDigitalimagescansareoftenmoredetailedthanthosetakenbydigitalcameras:evenalow-endfilmscanner,withresolutionofonly1800dotsperinch(alsostatedaspixelsperinch),turns35-millimeterfilmintodigitalimagesofaboutfivemegapixels,moreresolutionthanmostamateurdigitalcamerasprovide.Scannersthatresolve4000d.p.i.ormorehavehigherresolutionthanevenprofessionaldigitalsingle-lens-reflexcameras.Thatisamixedblessing:themoredetailedthescan,theslower.Andstoredinthehigh-qualityTIFFformat,digitalimagefilesat4000d.p.i.cantakemorethan130megabytesofcomputerdiskspace;TIFFfilesfromeight-megapixeldigitalcamerastakeuplessthan30megabytes.Bigfilesalsotakealongtimetoload,andeditingthemrequiresalotofcomputermemory.Butaswithadigitalcamera,thereisnoneedtousethehighest-qualitysettingsforeveryphoto,justfortheonesyouhopetoenlargealotorcropuntilonefaceinthecrowdbecomesaportrait.Forlessdemandingshots,youcansavefilespacebyreducingthescanner'sresolutionandothersettings,andsavingfilesascompressedJPEG'sratherthanasTIFF'S.At1800d.p;i.,aTIFFimagetakesuponlyaboutafifthasmuchspaceasat4000d.p.i.SavingtheimageasaJPEGfile,whichcompressesfilesbydiscardingtheleastconspicuouspicturedetails,canreducefilesizebyone-thirdtomorethan90percent,dependingonthelevelofcompressionyouselect.Thesechangeswillusuallybeundetectableonacomputermonitorandonprintsupto8by10inches.Perhapsbecauseoftheprecisionneeded,filmscanningisnotarapidprocess,andthehigheryourqualitystandards,thelongerittakes.Higherresolution,greatercolordepthandlargefilesizesslowtheprocess.Sodosomeofthecorrectivefeaturesinscannersortheirsoftware.1.Accordingtothepassage,digitalimagescans__________.A.havehigherresolutionthanprofessionaldigitalsingle-lens-reflexcamerasB.haveresolutionsrangingbetween1800d.p.i.and4000d.p.i.C.canturnimagesintofilmsD.resolvebetterthanmostamateurdigitalcameras2.ThefactthatdigitalimageHiesat4000d.p.i.storedinthehigh-qualitytiffformatoccupy130megabytesofcomputerdiskspaceindicates___________.A.anadvantageofthescansB.theprecisionofscannedimagesC.adisadvantageofthescansD.ablessingofthescans3.IfyousavescannedfilesintheJPEGformat,__________.A.youcanreducefilesizebyone-thirdatmostB.thedetailsdiscardedwillnotbedetectedC.theprintsusuallymakenodifferenceD.youcancompressthefilesizeyouwant4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.ScansusetheTIFFfileformattosavebiggerimages.B.ScansusetheJPEGfileformattosavesmallerimages.C.Themorepreciseapictureis,themorespaceitneedsonthecomputerdisc.D.Computermonitorscannotdistinguishbetweencompressedfilesanduncompressedfiles.5.Theabovepassagemainlydiscusses__________.A.thebenefitsofdigitalcamerasB.theweaknessesofscansC.relationbetweenprecisionandspeedforscansD.waystoachievemoredetailedimageswithscansPassageTwoAmericansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral,whyareformssopopularintheUnitedStates?Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilianclothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentitythantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringcleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.6.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality_______.A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothesB.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregardC.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentityD.respectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform7.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform_______.A.suggestsqualityworkB.discardshissocialidentityC.appearstobemorepracticalD.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes8.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto_______.A.providepracticalbenefitstothewearerB.makethewearercatchthepubliceyeC.inspirethewearer'sconfidenceinhimselfD.providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity9.AccordingtoParagraph4,peoplewearinguniforms_______.A.areusuallyhelpfulB.havelittleornoindividualfreedomC.tendtolosetheirindividualityD.enjoygreaterpopularity10.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.A.UniformsandSocietyB.TheImportanceofWearingaUniformC.PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniformD.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniformsPassageThreeRobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.SpringwasborninEnglandin1813andarrivedinPhiladelphiain1858toopenabookstore.AtfirstheprosperedbysellinghissmallbutgenuinecollectionofearlyU.S.autographs.Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaForgershaveahardtimesellingtheirproducts.Aforgercan’tapproacharespectablebuyerbutmustdealwithpeoplewhodonothavemuchknowledgeinthefield.Forgershavemanywaystomaketheirworklookreal.Forexample,theybuyoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepages,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemicals.InSpring’stime,rightaftertheCivilWar,Britainwasstillfondofthesouthernstates,soSpringinventedarespectablemaidenladyknownasMissFannyJackson,theonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.ForseveralyearsMissFanny’sfinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanuscriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Springhadtoworkveryhardtosatisfythedemand.AllthisactivitydidnotpreventSpringfromdyinginpoverty,leavingsharp-eyedexpertsthedifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesfromtheoriginals.11. WhydidSpringsellhisfalseautographsinEnglandandCanada?A.TherewasagreaterdemandthaninAmerica.B.Therewaslesschanceofbeingdetectedthere.C.BritainwasSpring’sbirthplace.D.ThepriceswerehigherinEnglandandCanada.12. AftertheCivilWar,therewasagreatdemandinBritainfor__________.A.southernmoneyB.southernmanuscriptsandlettersC.signaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinD.CivilWarbattleplans13. RobertSpringA.runningabookstoreinPhiladelphiaB.asaforgerC.correspondingwithMissFannyJacksonD.asarespectabledealer14. Accordingtothepassage,forgeriesareusuallysoldto__________.A.sharp-eyedexpertsB.bookdealersC.personswhoaren’texpertsD.ownersofoldbooks15. WhowasMissFannyJackson?A.TheonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.B.Alittle-knowngirlwhosoldherfather’spaperstoRobertSpringC.RobertSpringPassageFourItisobservedthatsomechildrenarebackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtomopuplanguagerapidly.Therearecriticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorereadily.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.Linguistssuggestthatspeechmilestonesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesanduttersvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.WhatisspecialaboutMan'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,ateddy-bearwiththesoundpattern"teddy-bear".Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthehubbubofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnovelways.Butspeechhastobetriggered,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthecuesandsignalsinthechild'sbabbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalcuesisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.16. Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingisthat_______.A.theydonotlistencarefullytotheirmothersB.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthemC.theirbrainshavetoabsorbtoomuchlanguageatonceD.theirmothersdonotrespondtotheirattemptstospeak17. Thephrase"mopup"(Line2,Paragraph.1)mostprobablymeans"_____".A.develop B.understandCabsorb D.analyze18. Accordingtothepassage,"criticaltimes"(Line3,Paragraph.1)refersto"______".A.difficultperiodsinthechild'slifeB.importantstagesinthechild'sdevelopmentC.timeswhenmothersoftenneglecttheirchildrenD.momentswhenthechildbecomescriticaltowardsitsmother19. Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?A.Thechild'sbrainishighlyselective.B.Childrenwhostartspeakinglateareusuallyveryclever.C.Childrendonotneedtobeencouragedtospeak.D.Bytheageoffourchildrenstillmakemanygrammaticalmistakes.20. Whatwillhappenifthemotherdoesnotrespondtoherchild'ssignals?A.Thechildwillstopgivingoutsignals.B.Thechildwillmakelessefforttospeak.C.Thechildwillinventalanguageofitsown.D.Thechildwillneverbeabletospeakproperly.TaskSixCloze(10%)Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDbeneaththepassage.Youshouldchoosetheoneanswerthatbestfitsintothepassage.PleaseMarkyourchoiceontheANSWERBOOKLET.Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetitesarereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedthemandachildrarelydislikesfood1itisbadlycooked.Thewayamealiscookedandservedismostimportantandan2servedmealwilloftenimproveachild’sappetite.Neveraskachildwhetherhelikesordislikesafoodandnever3likesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallowanybodyelsetodoso.Ifthefathersayshehatesfatmeatorthemother4vegetablesinthechild’shearingheis5tocopythisprocedure.Takeitforgrantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill.Nothinghealthfulshouldbeomittedfromthemealbecauseofa6dislike.Atmealtimesitisagoodcustomtogiveachildasmallportionandlethimcomebackforasecondhelpingratherthangivehimas7asheislikelytoeatallatonce.Donottalktoomuchtothechildduringmealtimes,butlethimgetonwithhisfood,anddonotallowhimtoleavethetableimmediatelyafteramealorhewill8learntoswallowhisfoodsohecanhurrybacktohistoys.Under9circumstancesmustachildbecoaxed10forcedtoeat.1.A.ifB.untilC.thatD.Unless2.A.adequatelyB.attractivelyC.urgentlyD.eagerly3.A.remarkB.tellC.discussD.argue4.A.opposesB.deniesC.refusesD.offends5.A.willingB.possibleC.obligedD.likely6.A.supposedB.provedC.consideredD.related7.A.muchB.littleC.fewD.many8.A.hurriedlyB.soonC.fastD.slowly9.A.someB.anyC.suchD.no10.A.orB.norC.butD.neitherTaskSevenWriting(20%)WriteontheANSWERBOOKLETacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:WhatCollegeMeanstoUsMarkswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmark.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,gra