高考总复习英语外研通用版教师用书语法专项突破7第七讲定语从句

第七讲定语从句题型分类考题印证命题解读语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.1.关系代词的基本用法；2.关系副词的基本用法；3.考查“介词＋关系代词”的用法短文改错1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they→that/which错用；与which的错用；3.关系代词或关系副词的缺失或误用关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时关系代词as和which的用法区别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系◆(2017·北京卷)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。◆(2017·天津卷)Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。◆(2015·福建卷)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。◆(全国卷Ⅰ)“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。”eq\a\vs4\al()(1)whom,which,that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such,so,as或thesame等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。[对点演练]——单句语法填空1．(2016·四川卷)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.2．(2015·江苏卷)Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)地点状语whythereason原因状语◆(2016·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。◆(福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。◆Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？eq\a\vs4\al()way后定语从句的引导词(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用inwhich或that引导，引导词也可省略。(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which/that也可省略。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2015·陕西卷)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.2．(2015·天津卷)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.3．(2018·鹰潭模拟)Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonsthattheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.that→why“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。◆(2015·安徽卷)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。◆(大纲全国卷)September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。◆(2016·浙江卷6月)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。◆(2016·江苏卷)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。eq\a\vs4\al()在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。◆(江苏卷)Thenewly-builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(浙江卷)Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.2．Nowadays,itiscommontoseepeoplestaringattheirmobilephonesinsteadofreadingarealbook,aboutwhichmanyexpertsareworried.3．Therewerealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofthembenttheirheadsdownovertheirthem→whom定语从句与语法填空eq\a\vs4\al()解答此类问题，关键是找准先行词，分析句子结构确定从句所缺的成分。如果缺少主、宾、表或定语，引导词需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等，从而最后确定答案；若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系词用whom，若指物，则用which；牢记that与which,as与which的区别。定语从句与短文改错首先识别该句是否为定语从句，然后根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确或缺失，并予以改正或添加；根据引导词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断关系词的使用是否正确。确定句子的先行词，分析引导词在从句中充当的成分，作主、宾、表语用which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语用when/where/why；作介词宾语用关系代词which/whom；判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而判断句中关系词的使用是否正确。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2017·江苏卷)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhose__purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.2．(2018·滕州模拟)Shedreamedofthedaywhenthemanagerofthesupermarketwouldsaytoherwithasmile,“Madam,thisisyourluckyday.Everythinginyourbasketisfree.”3．(2018·大同质量检测)Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweatherasfewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.4．(2018·河南中原名校联考)Ihavemadeahabitofsaying“Thankyou”tothosewhoaresacrificingtheirplacesforthefellowpassengersonpublictransport.5．(2018·四川绵阳诊断)It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.6．(2018·启东中学月考)Thehouse,whosedooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,someofwhomarefromthecountryside.7．(2018·浙江瑞安四校联考)Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.8．(2018·江苏苏州中学月考)—Thankyouforyourassistance,withoutwhichImighthavebeenindanger.—That’sallright,anyoneinmyplacewouldhavedonethesamething.9．(2018·北京西城一模)Theartistwasveryproudofhiscreationandcalleditthebestpaintingthathehadeverdone.10．(2018·海淀一模)TheAppWeChatprovidesanetworkingplatformwherecommunicationisfasterandeasier.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．(2018·广西高三联考)WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromhimwehavelearnedalot.him→whom2．(2018·青岛统一检测)YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,theywilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.they→who或they前加and3．(2018·大庆质量检测)Ifinallyknewthereasonwhatshedidn’ttalktomeandcomfortedher.what→why4．(2018·河北保定、唐山联考)Thisweekend,IwillgotoPeter’shouse,whichapartyistobeheld,tocelebrateChristmaswithhisfamily.which→where或在which前加in5．Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.that→whicheq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空(2018·山师大附中模拟)Chineseteahousesarethetraditionalancientcafesoftheeastforgettingtogether,1.____________(chat)withfriendsandgenerallypassingthetime.Theteahousehasbecomeaplaceforpeopletonotonlydrinkteaandrelax,2.____________experienceChineseculture,holdsocialactivities,hostprivatepartiesandconductbusiness3.____________(negotiate)．TheteahouserecreatesthecharacterofoldBeijing,4.____________makesitamustforforeigners,who,fromaroundtheworld,cometoChina5.____________(appreciate)BeijingOpera,dramaandotherBeijingfolkart,aswellasdrinktea.JasmineteaisthefavoriteofmanyoldBeijingers,wholove6.____________(it)pure,cleartasteandstrongfragrance.It’s(absolute)onthemenuattheLaoSheTeahouse.Dawanteaisjustasfamous8.____________thelong-spouted(长壶嘴的)teapot.It(say)thatthefounderofLaoSheTeahousestartedhisbusinessbyservingDawanteaforjusttwo(cent)each.Andtodayit’stheonlyteahousestillservingDawanteaatsuchalowprice,thoughthere’snoprofitinit.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了茶社及大碗茶。1．chatting解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处和“gettingtogether”“passingthetime”并列，所以应用所给词的动名词形式。故填chatting。2．but解析：考查连词。此处指在茶社人们不但可以喝茶和放松，还可以体验中国文化。notonly...but(also)．..意为“不但……而且……”，符合语境。故填but。3．negotiations解析：考查词性转换。此处应用negotiate的名词形式negotiation作动词conduct的宾语；而negotiation是可数名词，此处指商务谈判，应用其复数形式。故填negotiations。4．which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的句子，在句中作主语，指物。故填which。5．toappreciate解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处指来中国欣赏京剧、戏剧和其他北京民间艺术，应用不定式作目的状语。故填toappreciate。6．its解析：考查代词。空格处修饰“pure,cleartasteandstrongfragrance”，应用形容词性物主代词its，表所属关系。故填its。7．absolutely解析：考查词性转换。此处应用所给词的副词形式修饰介词短语。故填absolutely。8．as解析：考查固定结构。此处为“as＋形容词原级＋as”结构。故填as。9．issaid解析：考查固定句型。Itissaidthat...为固定句型，意为“据说……”。故填issaid。10．cents解析：考查名词复数。cent是可数名词，被“two”修饰，应用其复数形式。故填cents。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改错(2018·安徽师大附中阶段性测试)Thismorning，Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,soatthatmomentIwasveryexciting.Outsidethelibrary,Isawthemandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,trytofindaparkingspace.Heheadf