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Adisciplinetostudytheetiology,pathogenicmechanism,pathology,pathology-physiology,clinicalexpression,treatmentandfavorableturnetc.ofthediseaseondentalhardtissueandpulptissue.Concept当前1页,总共295页。ThecontentofthetextbookCariologyNon-cariogenicdiseaseofdentalhardtissueEndodonticsOperativedentistry当前2页,总共295页。History当前3页,总共295页。In50’syearsOralmedicineCariologyOperativedentistryEndodonticsNon-cariogenicdiseaseofdentalhardtissueDiseaseofOralmucosaPreventivedentistryPeriodontologyPaediatricsfordentistry当前4页,总共295页。StomatologyinancienttimesBeforeChrist(B.C.)Thereweresomerecordaboutcaries当前5页,总共295页。Imagelikingcharacter(script)worm+tooth当前6页,总共295页。Thechinesewereknowntohavetreateddentalillswithknife,cautery,andacupuncture,atechniquewherebytheypunctureddifferentareasofthebodywithaneedle.当前7页,总共295页。InDynastyHan(A.D.215~282)TherearesomerecordaboutperiodontologyAnnoDomini当前8页,总共295页。PulpitisInHan,Mr.ZhangZhongJing《JinGuiYaolue》wasaveryfamouswritingsinwhichtherewasarecordaboutarsenicArsenicisatoxicantmedicinewhichhasbeengenerallyusedforkillingpulp当前9页,总共295页。
InDynastyTang(A.D.7~10era)thepeopleuse
silverpaste
tofilltoothdecay当前10页,总共295页。InTang,toothbrushwithwillowtwig
atoothbrushwithhairplantedwasinventedinA.D.9~11centuryfromatombofanemperor`sson-in-lawofLiaofromChiFongcity
当前11页,总共295页。3eventsabovedescribedreflectedancientcivilizationofourcountry当前12页,总共295页。DentistrydevelopmentinWestcountry当前13页,总共295页。ThefirstknowndentistwasanEgyptiannamedHesi-re(3000B.C.).Hewaschieftoothisttothepharaohs,hewasalsoaphysician,indicatinganassociationbetweenmedicineanddentistry.当前14页,总共295页。TheGreeksHippocrates(500B.C.)appreciatedtheimportanceofteeth.Heaccuratelydescribedthetechniqueforreducingafractureofthejawandalsoreplacingadislocatedmandible.Hewasfamiliarwithextractionforcepsforthisismentionedinoneofhiswritings.当前15页,总共295页。Aristotle(384B.C.)alsostatedfigsandsoftsweetsproducedecay.当前16页,总共295页。Galen(200A.D.Romans)wasfirsttorecognizethattoothachecouldbe:PulpitisorpericementitisHealsoclassifiedteethintocentrals,cuspidsandmolars.当前17页,总共295页。B.LeonardodaVinci(endof15thCentury)-hedescribedtheanatomyofthejaws,teethandmaxillarysinus.Thesedrawingsarethefirsttoaccuratelydescribethemaxillarysinus.However,credithasbeengiventoDr.NathanielHighmoreofEngland(1650).当前18页,总共295页。D.Leeuwenhoek
(17thCentury)-inventedthemicroscope.Hedescribedthedentaltubuliandwasthefirsttoseeorganismsofthemouth当前19页,总共295页。Antonvanleeuwenhoek当前20页,总共295页。K.JohnGreenwood
(1789)-denturesforGeorgeWashingtonweremadebyhim.当前21页,总共295页。aredlaserscansGeorgeWashington'sfalseteethnotwoodenLaserscansfindgold,ivory,lead,humanandanimalteeth
当前22页,总共295页。L.PierreFauchard
(18thCentury-1728)-FatherofScientificDentistry.Wroteagreattext"SurgeonDentist".HealsowroteacompleteworkonOdontologyintwovolumes,843pages.Herecognizedtheintimaterelationshipbetweenoralconditionsandgeneralhealth.Headvocatedtheuseofleadtofillcavities.Heremovedalldecayandifthepulpwasexposed,heusedthecautery.当前23页,总共295页。Museed'ArtDentairePierreFauchard
attheAcademieNationaledeChirurgieDentaire
22RueEmileMenier,75116,ParisFrance
当前24页,总共295页。Heprescribedoilofclovesandcinnamonforpulpitis.Hedescribedpartialdenturesandfulldenturesinhistext.Heconstructeddentureswithspringsandusedhumanteeth.Golddowelswereusedinrootcanalsfilledwithlead.HewasalsoknownasFatherofOrthodontics.Faucharddiedin1768attheageof83.当前25页,总共295页。1763A.DJohnBaker,M.D.SurgeonDentist.TheearliestqualifieddentisttopracticeinBostonandinAmerica.当前26页,总共295页。1836A.D.Arsenicintroducedforthekillingofpulps,bySpooner.当前27页,总共295页。1840A.D.TheAmericanSocietyofDentalSurgeons,firstnationaldentalorganization.TheBaltimoreCollegeofDentalSurgery,thefirstschoolintheworldforthetrainingofdentistswasfoundedbyHarrisandHarden.当前28页,总共295页。FoundedbyHarrisandHarden当前29页,总共295页。1859A.D.OrganizationofAmericanDentalAssociationonarepresentativebasis.当前30页,总共295页。1890
W.D.Millerproposeachemical-bacteriaParaorganismtheorytoexplainthemechanismofcaries当前31页,总共295页。1891A.D.ExtensionforpreventionandscientificcavitypreparationpromulgatedbyG.V.Black.1892A.D.Theestablishmentofathree-yearcourseindentalcolleges.当前32页,总共295页。1906A.D.Einhornrecommendsnovacaineandadrenalincombinationforlocalanesthesia.当前33页,总共295页。1915A.D.McKayandBlackpublishresultsofinvestigationoffluorideindrinkingwater.当前34页,总共295页。1956A.D.Air-rotordrill,250,000RPMDr.RobertBorden.当前35页,总共295页。StomatologyinChinabefore1949WestChinaUniversity(1910)ShanghaiSecondUniversity(1920)4thMilitaryMedicalUniversity(1935)BeijingUniversity(1943)当前36页,总共295页。ShanghaiSecondUniversityWestChinaUniversity1918(School1910)当前37页,总共295页。ThefirstdentalschoolinChinawasfoundedinWestChinaMedicalUniversityin1917.A.W.Lindsay当前38页,总共295页。A.W.Lindsaywasteaching当前39页,总共295页。After1949HubeiMedicalCollege1960FounderProf.XiaLiangCai当前40页,总共295页。Inrecent20years,thescienceandtechniquesgotgreatprogressThereare1~2facultiesordentalschoolsineachprovince当前41页,总共295页。CariesresearchCariesVaccineEtiology&preventionPulpdiseaseModernrootcanaltraitmentPulpbiologyStemcell–finaltargetAchievements当前42页,总共295页。Craniofacial-oral-dentalresearchinthecentury21st当前43页,总共295页。TheleadershipteamofNIDRinitiatedastrategicplanningprocessin1999toidentifyWhereweare(strengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreats)Wherewewanttogo(e.g.,missionandvision)Howweplantogetthere(strategicplan)当前44页,总共295页。Severalscientificareaswillbeconcernedincentury21st当前45页,总共295页。Frommolecularbiologytoclinicalinvestigations;etiology,pathogenesis,epidemiology,prevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofinheritedcraniofacial-oral-dentaldiseasesanddisorders.e.g.,ectodermic,dysplasia,cleftlipandpalate,amelogenesis
imperfect,dentingenesisimperfect,osteogenesisimperfect,andotherinheriteddiseases.Inheriteddiseaseanddisorders当前46页,总共295页。当前47页,总共295页。Hereditaryhypoplasia当前48页,总共295页。Hereditaryaplasiaoftheenamel当前49页,总共295页。dentalcariesPeriodontitisOralcandidiasisHerpesHepatitis,HIV/AIDSInfectionsdiseasesViral,bacterial,fungalandparasiticsuchas当前50页,总共295页。DiseasedPeriodontium当前51页,总共295页。Primaryherpeticstomatitis当前52页,总共295页。Candidalstomatitis当前53页,总共295页。NeoplasticdiseaseSupportsbasic,patientoriented,andcommunity-basedresearchontheetiology,pathogenesisandmetastasis,epidemiology,prevention,diagnosis,treatmentoforalandpharyngealneoplasticdiseases当前54页,总共295页。当前55页,总共295页。当前56页,总共295页。ChronicdisablingdiseasesThefullrangeofresearchinvolvingchronicdisablingdiseaseassociatedwiththecraniofacial-oral-dentalcomplex当前57页,总共295页。Thisincludes
osteoporosis,osteoarthritisandrelatedbonedisorders,temporo-mandiblejointdiseasesanddisorders,neuropathiesandneuro-degenerativediseasesincludingthoseinvolvingoralsensoryandmotorfunctionsandautoimmunediseasessuchassjÖgrenssyndrome.当前58页,总共295页。当前59页,总共295页。Chronicdiseasesofcran-oral-dentalcomplexandothersystemicdiseases(e.g.,diabetes)当前60页,总共295页。Biomaterials,biomimeticsandtissueengineeringBiomaterialsusedfortherepair,regeneration,restorationandreconstructionofcraniofacial-oral-dentalmolecules,cells,tissuesandorgans当前61页,总共295页。Thestudyofcomputeraiddesign(CAD)computeraidmanufacture(CAM)fordenture当前62页,总共295页。当前63页,总共295页。当前64页,总共295页。Behavior,healthpromotionandenvironmentaimedatassessingtheinteractiverolesofsociological,behavior,economic,environmental,genetic,andbiomedicalfactorsincraniofacial-oral-dentaldiseasesanddisorders当前65页,总共295页。1996—
DietandOralHealth当前66页,总共295页。当前67页,总共295页。caries当前68页,总共295页。CariologyisadisciplinewithinStomatologywhichdealswiththecomplexinterplayingbetweentheoralfluidsandthemicrobialdepositsinrelationtosubsequentchangesinthedentalhardtissues.当前69页,总共295页。Epidemiologyindentalcaries当前70页,总共295页。Severalindexhavebeenusedindentalcaries当前71页,总共295页。Prevalence=NoofthepatientswithcariesNoofthespecificpopulationinanareaatriskofgettingcariesatthattimePrevalenceofcaries:thetotalcariesexperienceofapopulationinexistenceatacertaintimeinadesignatedarea.当前72页,总共295页。Cariesincidenceisusuallyexpressedasthenumberofnewdecayedteethorsurfacesper-aperiodinaindividual,group,orpopulation.Incidenceofcaries当前73页,总共295页。DMF=Decayedteeth+Missingteeth+Filledteeth/NumberofsubjectsexaminedDMFT当前74页,总共295页。Ifsurfacehavebeencounted,thenwerefertothescoreasDMF-SIftheteethhavebeencounted,thenitisrefertoasDMF-TTheDMF-SorDMF-Tareoftenreferredtoasan“index”当前75页,总共295页。Thedistributionofdentalcariesinoralcavity当前76页,总共295页。当前77页,总共295页。当前78页,总共295页。Reducingtendencyindevelopedcountry当前79页,总共295页。当前80页,总共295页。TheDMFTprevalenceof12-year-oldchildrenintheNordiccountriesintheperiod1974-91.Denmark,Finland,NorwayandSwedenseemtofollowthesamedownwardtrend,whereasIcelandhasstartedamorerapiddeclinesomewhatlater.当前81页,总共295页。Increasingtendencyindevelopingcountry当前82页,总共295页。958498959892959813RomaniaChinaFujiTongaJordanian45627883858662DMFTsfor12Years-oldinPartofdevelopingcountry当前83页,总共295页。ThecariesprevalenceofChinaTimePopulationpeoplewithcariesprevalenceBefore1949324691925859.301950~195921931210678148.701960~196954470821777440.001970~19793766290135636236.0013134040.54
permanentteethCities25080Countryside2063629.70Cities1968379.55Countryside1625358.48Deciduousteeth当前84页,总共295页。TheDMFTprevalenceof12-year-oldchildrenin11provincesofChinaBeijing1.410.98Shanghai1.170.95Tianjing1.41 1.02 Gansu0.36 0.8Shandong 0.69 0.59Yunnan 0.46 0.88Liaoning 0.76 1.29Zhejiang 1.22 1.46Hubei 0.98 0.51Guangdong 0.91 1.65Sichuan 0.57 0.37Account0.670.88ProvinceDMFT(1983)DMFT(1995)当前85页,总共295页。AgeDMFT121.03151.42181.6035~442.1165~742.49(DFT)TheDMFTprevalencein1995当前86页,总共295页。Currentconceptofcariesetiology当前87页,总共295页。Dentalcariesisamultifactorialdiseaseinwhichthereisaninterplayofthreeprincipalfactors:thehost(primarilythesalivaandteeth),themicroflora,andthesubstrate,ordiet.当前88页,总共295页。Afourthfactor
timemustbeconsideredinanydiscussionoftheetiologyofcaries.Diagrammatically,thesefactorscanbeportrayedasfouroverlappingcircles.当前89页,总共295页。Micro-organismshost&toothSub-strateThefourcirclesdiagrammaticallyrepresentthefactorsinvolvedinthecariousprocess.allfourfactorsmustactconcurrently(overlappingofthecircles)forcariestooccurtimenocariesnocariesnocariesnocariescaries当前90页,总共295页。Cariesrequiresasusceptiblehost,acariogenicoralfloraandasuitablesubstratethatmustbepresentforasufficientlengthoftime当前91页,总共295页。EtiologyofCaries当前92页,总共295页。Salivathetermsalivareferstothemixtureofsecretionsintheoralcarity当前93页,总共295页。SalivaisproduceddayandnightanditisconstantlyswallowedSalivaispresentasaproteinaceousfilmcoveringallsurfacesoforalcavity当前94页,总共295页。Thismixtureconsistsoffluidsderivedfromthemajorsalivaryglandsminorglandsoforalmucosetracesfromgingivalexudate当前95页,总共295页。EffectofdesalivationonincidenceandextentcariesinanimalsEffectofdesalivationoncariesinhamstersGruopNo.hamstersAvg.no.cariousteethAvg.cariesscoreIntactSalivaryglands202.34.0Desalivated*1010.539.0*Parotid,submandibular,andsublingualglands.当前96页,总共295页。DecreasedsalivaryflowandcariesinhumansSarcoidosisSjogren’ssyndromeTharapeuticradiation当前97页,总共295页。当前98页,总共295页。当前99页,总共295页。HydrogenionBufferingabilityCalciumInorganicphosphateFluoricleInorganiccomponents当前100页,总共295页。OrganiccomponentsmucinsGlycoproteinsStatherinandacidicproline-richproteinsamylase当前101页,总共295页。Antrmicrobialproteins当前102页,总共295页。Salivaanddentalcaries当前103页,总共295页。thequantityofsalivaassociatedwithcariesexperience当前104页,总共295页。RelationshipbetweensalivarycharacteristicsandcariesprevalencePropertyRelationshipPropertyRelationshipFlowrate±pHCa--Buffercapacity+PO4NH3AmylaseViscosityUrea----Salivarycompositionandcaries当前105页,总共295页。Antibacterialfactorsofglandularorigincouldprotectoralmucosalandhardsurfacesbyhelpingtoregulatethequantityandspeciesdistributionoforalmicrobes当前106页,总共295页。OralMicroorganismsanddentalplaque当前107页,总共295页。Incontrasttomucosalsurfaces,thesurfacesofteetharenotconstantlyrenewedbysheddingofcolonizedepithelialcells.Surfacesofteeth当前108页,总共295页。SomespecialsitesocclusalfissuesApproximalsurface当前109页,总共295页。当前110页,总共295页。DentaldepositsBiofilmsondentalsurface-matrix-embeddedmicrobialpopulation,adherenttoeachotherand/ortosurfaceorinterfaces当前111页,总共295页。AcquiredpellicleAcellular,homogeneousorganicfilmthatformsonenamelandotherhardsurfacebyselectiveadsorptionofsalivaryproteins.当前112页,总共295页。adsorptionofsalivaryproteinsorglycoproteinsOrigin当前113页,总共295页。Immediatelyaftercleaningandpolishing,salivarysecretedepositinthedefectsofenamel.当前114页,总共295页。SurfacepellicleSubsurfacepellicleHistologicalappearance当前115页,总共295页。ThesurfacepellicleappearsacellularandfaintlygranularunderTEM
SurfacePellicle当前116页,总共295页。Pelliclesofunknownagemayvaryinthicknessfrom50~1000nm.当前117页,总共295页。globular
fibrillar
granularDifferentmorphologicaltypes当前118页,总共295页。当前119页,总共295页。当前120页,总共295页。Asubsurfacepellicleconsistingofdendriticprocessesthatspreadintotheintercrystallinespacesandextendto3µmintotheenamel.当前121页,总共295页。90%water10%solidmaterialcomposition当前122页,总共295页。Accordingtochemicalanalyses
aminoacidsaccountfor45%to50%
carbohydratesamount10%to15%ofthedryweight
lipid当前123页,总共295页。Functionhealing,repairing,orprotectingtheenamelsurfaceimpartingselectivepermeabilitytotheenamelinfluencingtheadherenceofspecificoral
microorganismstothetoothsurfaceservingasasubstrateornutrientfortheorganisms当前124页,总共295页。summaryOrganicdepositNaturallyformsbyselectiveadsorptionOriginofproteinfromsalivaAfterpolishing,reformsrapidlyBacteriasettleonthepellicleassoonasitformsformationofdentalplaque当前125页,总共295页。DentalPlaque
当前126页,总共295页。当前127页,总共295页。当前128页,总共295页。当前129页,总共295页。InthefourthcenturyB.C.
Aristotlerelatedsoft,adherefooddepositstotoothdecay,butitwasnotuntiltheadventofthemicroscopeintheseventeenthcenturythat“animalcules(microorganism)wereseeninthesedentaldeposits.当前130页,总共295页。Antonvanleeuwenhoek,adraperandsheriff`schamberlaininDelftrecognizedthelimitationofmechanicaloralhygieneinremovingthesedeposits.当前131页,总共295页。当前132页,总共295页。AntonVanleeuwenhoeksawlargenumbersoflivingcellsinscrapingsfromteeth:IjudgefrommyselfthatallthepeoplelivinginourunitedNetherlandsarenotasmanyasthelivinganimalculesthatIcarryinmyownmouththisveryday.当前133页,总共295页。Terminology1847FicinusaslimecoatingdenticulateWilliamsdemonstratedthepresenceofamassofmicroorganisms1895G.V.Blackgelatinousmicrobialplaque当前134页,总共295页。DentalplaqueMostfigurativedescription:
abacterialaspicwithmillionsoforganismsstandingshouldertoshoulder当前135页,总共295页。MoreformaldefinitionbyLőe:plaqueisthesoft,non-mineralized,bacterialdepositwhichformsonteethanddentalprosthesisthatarenotadequatelycleaned当前136页,总共295页。Morphologyofdentalplaque
Awhiteoroff-whiteaccumulation
Variablethickness当前137页,总共295页。Threemaintypiesoforganismscoccoidrod-shapedfilamentous当前138页,总共295页。当前139页,总共295页。当前140页,总共295页。当前141页,总共295页。classificationSupragingivalplaqueSubgingivalplaqueDentalcalculus(calcifiedplaque)当前142页,总共295页。SupragingivalplaqueSmoothsurfaceplaqueFissureplaque当前143页,总共295页。SupragingivalsmoothsurfaceplaqueDividedinto4areas:
plaque/toothinterfacecondensedmicrobiallayerbodyoftheplaqueplaquesurface当前144页,总共295页。plaque/toothinterfaceInsomelocationsnopelicle当前145页,总共295页。Highermagnificationofplaque-enamelborder.Microorganismsthatdivideinhorizontalplanesareindirectcontactwithenamel(130,000).当前146页,总共295页。Condensedmicrobiallayer
alayerofverydenselypackedcoccoidorganisms,from3~20cellsthick当前147页,总共295页。Partofa7-day-oldinterdentalplaquegrownonenamel.Theenamelmatrix(bottom),appearingasafinemeshwork,iscoveredbyathinelectron-denseanddiscontinuouspellicle.Immediatelyabovethisisthecondensedmicrobiallayerwhichiscoveredbyalayerofcoccoidandfilamentousmicro-organismsandprobablyNeisseria.Theintermicrobialspaceiselectron-lucentandrevealscellremnants(16,500).当前148页,总共295页。Bodyoftheplaquethisoccupiesbyfarthelargestportionoftheplaque当前149页,总共295页。Thinsectionofplaquemadeofdifferentbacterialspecies-predominantlycoccoidal.Denseaggregationofmicroorganismsattheenamelsurface(lowerleft)当前150页,总共295页。PlaquesurfacelooselyarrangementGreatvariety:coccoid,rodlike,“corncob”当前151页,总共295页。Inthesurfacelayerofplaquesomemicroorganismsco-aggregatewithotherspecies,asvisualizedbythepresenceofso-calledcorncobstructures当前152页,总共295页。Magnifiedviewof“corncob”FreesurfaceofplaquecomposedofunidentifiedorganismsFreesurfaceofplaquecomposedofcoccoidgram-positive(heavilystainedcellwalls)andunidentifiedgram-negativemicroorganisms当前153页,总共295页。FissureplaqueGram-positivecocciandshortrodspredominateinahomogeneous,matrix,withoccasionalyeastcells当前154页,总共295页。Palisadeandbranchingfilamentsareabsentwithinthefissures当前155页,总共295页。A:surveyofdentalplaquesituatedwithinadeep,narrowfissureofapremolarB:theupperhalfofthefissureisfilledwithdarkmaterial,thelowerhalfislesdenseC:Highermagnificationrevealsaplaqueconsistingofmostlyghostlikemembraneandcellwallstructures当前156页,总共295页。SubgingivalplaqueThematrixissparseOrganisms:filamentousorganisms,bacilli,cocci,spirochetesGramnegativebacteria当前157页,总共295页。Thefilamentousnatureofplaqueassociatedwithgingivitis.Noteattachmentofsmallerbacteriatofilaments当前158页,总共295页。Calcifiedplaque当前159页,总共295页。SupragingivalcalcucuswhitechalkyyellowSubgingivalcalculusgreenishblackDentalcalculusisplaqueinwhichmineralizationhasinvolvedboththeplaquematrixandthemicroorganisms.当前160页,总共295页。Formationanddevelopmentofdentalplaques当前161页,总共295页。UneventoothsurfaceCariouslesionsill-fillingmarginsofrestorationsIrregularitiesinpositioningoftheteeththelocationfavoringplaqueformation:当前162页,总共295页。PellicleformationMicrobialcolonizationProcessofformation当前163页,总共295页。PlaqueformationcanbeconsideredasthreephasesInitialcolonizationRapidbacterialgrowthRemodeling当前164页,总共295页。BacteriaarethoughttobeunspecificallyassociatedwiththetoothsurfaceundertheinfluenceofVanderwall`sattractiveforcesaswellasrepulsivenegativeelectrostaticforcesInitialmicrobialcolonization当前165页,总共295页。Vanderwall’sforcesThereisaweaknessforcesbetweenthemoleculestobeequalto1/10~1/100energeofchemicalbond当前166页,总共295页。Dependonthecauseandcharacterofproducingtheforces:OrientationforceInductionforceDispersionforce当前167页,总共295页。Orientationforce当前168页,总共295页。Inductionforce当前169页,总共295页。Dispersionforce当前170页,总共295页。Afirmattachmentmaysubsequentlybeachievedbyspecificmechanisms当前171页,总共295页。Ligandstheory当前172页,总共295页。Recognizedsystem“adhesions”→”receptors”当前173页,总共295页。Simplifiedexplanationoftheprincipleofselectiveadherenceofbacteriatoenamel.Successfulattachmentisachievedwhenthesurfacecharacteristicsofabacteriumfitwithacomponentinthepellicle(P)当前174页,总共295页。Two-reactionprocessforS.mutansinitialweakattachmentoccursbetweenbacterialcellproteinsandsalivaryglycoproteinsoftheacquiredpellicleandisfollowedbycellularaccumulationmediatedbysucrose-dependentglucansandcellsurfacereceptorligands.当前175页,总共295页。Theadherenceofselectedoralbacteriainitiallyinvolvesnonspecific,low-affinity,veryrapidbindingreactionsfollowedbyspecific,high-affinity,slower,butstrongerattachmenttotheacquiredpellicle当前176页,总共295页。Microbialsuccession当前177页,总共295页。Receptors(oligossacharides)S.Oralishasaglactose-hindingadhesinActiuomycesviscosus→prolinerichproteinStatherins.sangnis→sialicacid当前178页,总共295页。Pioneerbacteriacreateanenvironmentwhichiseithermoreattractiveforsecondaryinvadersorincreaseunfavorableconditiontothemselves.当前179页,总共295页。Inthiswaytheresidentmicrobialcommunityisgraduallyreplacedbyotherspecies当前180页,总共295页。Inmaturedentalplaquetheremaybeasubtlebalance(homeostasis)thattendstoejectinvadingspeciesnotpreviouslypresent.当前181页,总共295页。当前182页,总共295页。Structuralfeaturesofmicrobialcolonization当前183页,总共295页。Initialmicrobialdeposition
afteracleanedtoothsurfacehasbeenexposedfor4htotheoralenvironment,surprisinglyfewbacteriaarefound(oneofreports)当前184页,总共295页。After4hoursexposuretheenameliscoveredbypelliclewhichisagranulardeposit,primarilylocatedinTomesprocessespits(TP)andinperikymatalgrooves(P)Thefirstbacteriatocolonizethetoothsurfaceareofthecocco-bacillarytype(B).notethatthegranulardepositdoesnotcoverthetoothsurfaceinauniformlayer(PE)当前185页,总共295页。Atthisearlystagebacteriaareofthecoccidorcocco-bacillarytypeandalwaysresideinshallowdepressionsonthesurface当前186页,总共295页。After8honlyafewsmallergroupsofmicroorganismshavesettledonthesurfaceshelteredbytheperikymata
当前187页,总共295页。Numerousbacteriaspreadacrossthesurfaceasamonolayer当前188页,总共295页。In12-h-oldbacterialdepositsthemicroorganismsspreadinmonolayeralongtheperikymata(P)当前189页,总共295页。Insameareasmultiplyingmicroorganismsformmultiplayer,individualorganismsareembeddedinaninter-microbialmatrix.当前190页,总共295页。Themonolayerofbacteria(upperpart)isgraduallyreplacedbyamultiplayer(lowerpart)whichisembeddedinanintermicrobialmatrix(X)当前191页,总共295页。Within1daythetoothsurfaceisalmostcompletelycoveredbyblanketofmicroorganismsmonolayerareintermittedwithmultilayers.当前192页,总共295页。After1daythesurfaceofthemicro-biotaismainlymadeupofcoccoidbacteria,withafewfilaments当前193页,总共295页。Duringthecourseofthe2nddaythebacterialdepositsarecolonizedbymultiplefilamentousorganismswithaperpendicularorientationtothesurface当前194页,总共295页。Distinctmorphologicalchangesmayberecordedonthesurfaceofthemicrobiotawhencomparingthebacterialdepositsafter24(Fig.5-12)and48h(Fig.5-13).Whereasthe24-h-oldbacterialdepositcomprisesamassofcoccoidbacteriafromwhichafewfilamentsextend,the48-h-oldmicrobiotaisalmostentirelydominatedbyfilamentousorganisms28当前195页,总共295页。Initialcolonizationofrootcementumoccursinprincipleasoutlineforenamelsurface,butprocessmorerapidly当前196页,总共295页。Becauseoftheirregularsurfacetotopographyofrootsurfaces,colonizationdoesnottakeplaceaccordingtoaparticularpattern当前197页,总共295页。48-h-oldbacterialdepositsonrootcementumandenamelsurfacesfromthesameindividual.Notethatthemicrobialdepositsarethickerandmoredenselypackedonrootcementum当前198页,总共295页。maturedentalplaque当前199页,总共295页。Duringtheearlydays,plaquegrowthoccursmainlyasaresultofcelldivision,butcontinuousadsorptionofsinglemicroorganismsfromsalivaalsocontributestotheexpansionofthebacterialdeposit当前200页,总共295页。Thecorncobarecomposedofacentralfilamentcoatedwithsphericalorganisms,andappeartohaveadirectinterspeciesrelationshipmachinatedbysurface
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