职称英语考试理工类试题答案

2017年度全国职称外语等级考试一试卷英语(理工类c级)第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题每题1分共15分)下边每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线请为每处划线部分确立1个意义最为靠近的选项。1.atmidnight,wewerearousedbyaknockatthedoor.2.shewasawardedaprizeforthefilm.3.smokingwillbebannedinallpublicplaceshere.4.thatguyisintelligengbutabitdull.5.sheisahighlysuccessfulteacher.6.weshouldnotsacrificeenvironmentalprotectionstofostereconomicgrowth.7.thereisagrowinggapbetweentherichandthepoor.8.iamverygratefultoyouforyourassistance.9.youwillbemeetingherpresently.10.attitudestomentalillnesshaveshiftedinrecentyears.11.ihavebeentryingtoguitsmoking.12.reliefworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.13.theweatherisaconstantsubjectofconversationinbritain.14.thisisnottypicalofenglish,butisafeatureofthechineselanguage.15.itisvirtuallyimpossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.第2部分阅读判断(第16~22题第题1分共7分)下边的短文后列出了7个句子请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断果该句供给的是正确信息请选择a;假如该句供给的是错误信息请选择cblackholesmostscientistsaGREethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.ablackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobject,likeaplanet,butitisshapedlikeasphere(球

如b;如体).astronomers(天文学家)thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite(无穷的)density(稠密).thissinglepointiscalledasingularity(奇点).ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrect,itmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapses,allthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatall,butaninfinitelydensepoint.anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.althoughblackholesdoexist,theyaredifficulttoobserve.thesearethereasons.nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.asaresult,theyareinvisibletoatelescope.inastronomicalterms,blackholesaretruly.forexample,ablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon(视界)only18milesacross.thenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromearth.onelightyearisabout6trillion(万亿)miles.eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.in1994thehubblespacetelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.therearestillanswerstobefound,however,soblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.16.blackholesarepartofspace.c.notmentioned17.blackholesexistbutaredifficulttoobserve.c.notmentioned18.thecenterofablackholeisempty.c.notmentioned19.theattractionoftwolargestarsleadstogravity.c.notmentioned20.theSUNistheheavieststarintheuniverse.c.notmentioned21.thenearestblackholesarehundredsoflightyearsawayfromus.c.notmentioned22.thehubblespacetelescopehelpsscientiststounderstandthenatureoftheuniverse.c.notmentioned第3部分归纳粗心与达成句子(第23~30题每题1分共8分)下边的短文后有2项测试任务(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最正确标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确立1个最佳选项。unlockingthehumangenome(基因组)1aprojecttounlocksecrets-whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?thisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkonthehumangenomeproject.theaimoftheprojectistodecode(破译)allofthesome100,000genesinthehumanbody.scientistsareusingdnafingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.2dnaisthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes(染色体)ofacell.achromosomeisachainofgenes.eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.atanyonemomentinacell,thousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins(蛋白质).thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenome,orapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus(交感)genome.everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.3butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations(突变).geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromincludethingslikecolorblindness,ormildheadaches.otherproblemsareserious,suchasheartdisease,orcancer.4itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100,000genes,theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealonger,healthierlife.23.paragraph1________.24.paragraph2________.25.paragraph3________.26.paragraph4________.a.howdoesdnawork?b.whatisthehumangenomeprojectabout?c.howarethednasamplescollected?d.whatarethegoalsofthehumangenomeproject?e.whatistheroleofeachgene?f.whataretheconsequencesofgeneticmutations?27.thehumangenomeprojectistryingtomapallthatmakeushuman.28.decodingthehumangenomeisachallengeto___.29.geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemayaffect___.30.scientistsaretryinghardtodiscover___ofeachofthegenesinourbody.a.thatperson’shealthb.ascientificanswerc.scientficresearchersd.thegenese.thefunctionf.thesize第4部分下边有

阅读理解(第31~45题3篇短文每篇短文后有

每题3分共45分)5道题。请依据短文内容

为每题确立

1个最正确选项。第一篇motoringtechnology1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.toreducecarcrashrate,lingatspeedhasalwaysbeendangerous.oneadvancedareaofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.theycanensureyoudon’tmissimportantroadsignsorfallasleep.mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.radarcanspotobstaclesinfog,whileothertechnology“seesthrough”bigvehiclesblockingyourview.andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedal(脚踏)controlsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety,ashave,lesssurprisingly,sizeandshape.butwhateverisinthefueltank,youdon’twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations(创新).satellitetrackingandremotecommunicationscanalsocomeintoplayifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.accidentscausemanytrafficjams,buttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryons’spersonalchauffeur(司机),buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon’tbesoon.31.toreducecarcrashrate,manyscientistsareworkinghardtoa.designfullyautomaticcars.b.developfasterelectricvehicles.c.analyzeroaddeathsoccurringworldwideeachyear.d.improvethesafetyofcarsanddevelopnewfuels.32.accordingtothesecondparagraph,mostroadaccidentshappenduetoa.heavytraffic.b.humanmistakes.c.enginefailure.d.badweather.33.whichofthefollowingsafetydevelopmentsisnotmentionedinthepassage?a.windscreensthatcanhelpdriverstoimprovetheirvision.b.radarsthatcanhelpdriverstoseeobstaclesinfog.c.devicesthatcanhelpdriverstoseethroughbigvehicles.d.improvementsinseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyres.34.satellitetrackingandremotecommunicationsystemscnabeusedtoa.reduceoilconsumption.b.removetheobstaclesontheroad.c.callforhelpwhenone’scarcrashes.d.helpdriversgetoutofatrafficjam.35.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofroboticdrivers?a.itwilltakesometimebeforeroboticdriversareavailable.b.roboticdriversarenotallowedtodriveonbusyroads.c.roboticdriverscanneverreplacehumandrivers.d.roboticdriversaretooexpensivetouse.第二篇goodtablemannersmannersplayanimportantpartinmakingafavorableimpressionatthedinnertable.herearesomegeneralrules:napkin(餐巾)usethemealbeginswhenthehostunfoldshisorhernapkin.thisisyoursignaltodothesame,soplaceyournapkinonyourlap.unfolditcompletelyifitisasmallnapkin,orinhalf,lengthwise(纵向地),ifitisalargedinnernapkin.ifyouneedtoleavethetableduringthemeal,placeyournapkinonyourchairasasignaltoyourserverthatyouwillbereturning.oncethemealisover,placeyournapkinneatlyonthetabletotherightofyourdinnerplate.donotrefoldit.useanapkinonlyforyourmouth.neveruseitforyournose,faceorforehead.useofutensils(餐具)startwiththeknife,forkorspoonfurthestfromyourplate,andworkyourwayin,usingoneutensilforeachcourse.ifsoupisserved,remembertospoonawayfromyoursefl.thishelpsstopthedrips.donotputtheentiresoupspooninyourmouth.instead,fillasoupspoonabout75percentwithsoup,andsip(啜饮)itfromthesidenoiselessly.afterfinishingdinner,placetheknifeandforkparalleltooneanotheracrosstheplatewiththeknifealadefacinginwardtowardtheplate.usingyourfingershere’salistoffingerfoods:sandwiches,cookies,smallorberrieswithstems,frenchfriesandpotatochips,andhamburgers.chew(咀嚼)withyourmouthclosedanddon’tmakenoise;don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.breadmustbebrokenwithyourhands.itisnevercutwithaknife.don’tpicksomethingoutofyourteeth.instead,excuseyourselftothebathroom.ifpossible,trynottocoughatthetable.donotputyourelbows(肘)onthetable.infrance,itisessentialto

fruitshavebothhandsabovethetableatthesametime.donotputbonesoranythingelseonthetable.thingsthatarenoteatenshouldbeputonyourplate.36.whereisthenapkinnormallyplacedduringthemeal?a.onyourchair.b.onthetable.c.onyourlap.d.onyourplate.37.thenapkinisusedonlyfora.yourforehead.b.yourmouth.c.yournose.d.yourface.38.whichutensilisusedfirst?a.theknife.b.thefork.c.thespoon.d.theonefarthestfromtheplate.39.allofthefollowingarefingerfoodsexcepta.soup.b.sandwiches.c.cookies.d.hamburgers.40.whichofthefollowingshowsgoodtablemanners?a.talkingwithyourmouthfull.b.puttingbonesonyourplate.c.puttingyourelbowsonthetable.d.chewingwithyourmonthopen.第三篇renewableenergysourcestodaypetroleum(石油)providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel(矿物燃料).naturalgasreservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.“renewable”referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.hydroelectric(水力发电的)powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.china’sthreegorgesdamisthelargestever.atfivetimesthesizeoftheusshooverdam,its26turbines(涡轮机)willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.itwillsatisfy3%ofchina’sentireelectricitydemand.in2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal(潮汐

’的)currentsintheopenseaopenedinnorway.itisdesignedlikewindmill(风车),butotherstaketheformofturbines.aspricesfall,windpowerhasBEComethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration-quadrupling(翻两番)worldwidebetween1999and2015.modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.andturbinesarenottotallyharmless-theycaninterferewithradar,alterclimateandkillseabirds.scotlandisbuildingeurope’slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.theuk’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2020.butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.41.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostpollutingenergyresource?a.petroleum.b.coal.c.naturalgasd.water.42.china’sthreegorgesdama.isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.b.isofthesamesizeastheus’shooverdam.c.cangeneratearound3%ofworldelectricity.d.isthelargesthydroelectricdamintheworld.43.whichcountrytooktheleadinmakinguseoftidalcurrentstoproducepowerin2003?a.theuk.b.china.c.norway.d.theus.44.oneoftheproblemswithwindfarmsisthata.thereisnotenoughwind.b.windisnotreliable.c.theycanonlybebuiltonthesea.d.theymightinfluencetheworldeconomy.45.accordingtothepassage,resourceslikewindarea.renewable.b.recyclable.c.damaging.d.scarce.第5部分补全短文(第46~50题每题2分共10分)下边的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子此中5个取自短文请依据短文内容将其分别放回原有地点以恢复文章原貌。farmers’marketscharlottehollinsknowsshefacesabattle.the23-year-oldbritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherbenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.(46)“youdon’canbeisolating,”shesaid.“thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!”oliverrobinson,25,grewuponafarminyorkshire.(47)“i’msuredadhopedi’dstay,”hesaid.“iguessit’sanice,straightforwardlife,butitdoesn’tappeal.foryoung,ambitiouspeople,farmlifewouldbeahardworld.”forrobinson,farmingdoesn’toffermuch“intermsofmoneyorlifestyle.”hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:“providingforavitalhumanneed,whileworkingoutdoorswithnature.”farmingisabigpoliticalissueintheuk.(48)the2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarms,stoppedmeatexports,andraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinukfarming.jamieoliver’s2015campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.thisnationalconcernspells(带来)hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.(49)“istartedgoingtofarmers’marketsindirectdefiance(歧视)ofthebigsupermarkets.(50)it’sterrible,”saidlondonermichaelsamson.a.butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.b.whilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarkets,hundredsofindependentfarmers’marketsarebecomingpopular.c.whileconfidenttheywillsucceed,shelistsfarming’smanychallenges:d.youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.e.iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything-whatexactlydotheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred?f.“buybritish”campaignsurge(鼓舞)con