大学英语四级词汇串讲p

大学英语四级词汇串讲p第一页，共55页。课程结构四级改革．动词词组与短语相关练习形近词同义词近义词比较背单词，四级考点四级词汇分段记忆记忆单词的方法与捷径科学背单词第二页，共55页。I.关于四级的改革2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考

第三页，共55页。“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”----D.A.Wilkins词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背!

BACK第四页，共55页。II.如何背单词、四级考点4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右)背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。非核心:1800-2000单词(中学已经掌握)核心:常出现的是2000-2500个单词

BACK第五页，共55页。四级词汇分段记忆出现频率特别高（10个字母）a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-contributionlegal—illegal

regular--irregularabandon,access,addition,attention,assist,addresstransfer,transform,transportpolite—impolitepatient—impatientport—importaccurate--inaccurate第六页，共55页。b:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.从来不考的z:/x:/q:j:justify(从来没被选中过)y:yield(yieldto屈服，让步)k:(考过3次)

3.其它单词可放在阅读中记忆

BACKprogress(‘walk’)preview(‘see’)exportexitrich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistribute第七页，共55页。科学背单词1)花大量时间记忆单词----“重复是记忆之母”每天至少背100个单词，分成三段1)认知单词（30秒内能反应出单词意思）2)学会单词拼写3)直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思7天一个时间段第一天背100个，第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个—200个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！第八页，共55页。2)在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcan’temployyourdictionary.

BACKＶ．流口水第九页，共55页。Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.第十页，共55页。背单词的捷径编故事记单词e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia惊声尖叫无辜的，清白的Fatherandmother,I

loveyou.质量数量采纳，领养适应碰撞，撞击（飞机）坠毁惭愧打碎，变成碎片安乐死第十一页，共55页。词根、词缀记忆法1)able:e.g.

enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.

action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.

parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart第十二页，共55页。dis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlargeim-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il常见的前缀:第十三页，共55页。常见的后缀：-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employer第十四页，共55页。secretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy第十五页，共55页。意群记忆1）“物质世界”物质的最小成分：atom,particle宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar最小单位基因：protein,gene,cell水生动物：fish,shellfish爬行动物：reptile,insect飞行动物：bird哺乳动物：mammal猿类：monkey第十六页，共55页。2)“人类社会”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator贵族：nobleman,landlord政府：government,official,administrate选举：election,vote立法：congress,assembly,legislative动荡：disorder,uprising,revolution警察：police,officer监狱：jail,prison武装：army,armedforces战争：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory和平：peace,treaty

第十七页，共55页。大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一个人到医院又能联想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。第十八页，共55页。记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.第十九页，共55页。III.同义词、近义词含义比较固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）看书read看电视watch看电影see看黑板lookat第二十页，共55页。学知识:learnknowledge学:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知识:skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom×第二十一页，共55页。Owingto_____competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcritical

fierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fiercecompetitioneager:热中,渴望strained:紧崩的，拉紧的critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“对…进行批评,挑剔”

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith相当大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势第二十二页，共55页。包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflaw

errors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵

C第二十三页，共55页。指代关系(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_____thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）

setabout+doing着手、开始做某事setout+todo着手、开始做某事setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出发，离开，起程=setoutsetup安装，创立，建立setaside把…留出holdup支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的)standback后退keepdown控制

Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we___contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetupThecontinuousrain___theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.C第二十四页，共55页。词性Manydifficultieshave_______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived

不及物动词及物动词“提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raisetheflagraisechildren太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现B四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar(通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度)第二十五页，共55页。词根、词缀的关系(5)Thereweresome______flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人为的(artifactn.人工制品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺骗性的）falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）unrealworld

A第二十六页，共55页。Morepractice(6)Thisticket_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsgivesb.sth.givesth.tosb.1)grantsb.sth正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeonemao.(错)2)资助3)takesth.forgranted1)entitlesb.tosth.2)entitlesb.todosth.使某人有得到某事的权利1)学分2)greditcard3)greditAtoB把A归咎于Be.g.creditthecaraccidenttothedriver’scarelessnessC第二十七页，共55页。(7)Aseasonticket______theholdertomakeasmanyjourneyashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.AentitleBgrantsCpresentsDpromises“赠与，给与”misesb.sth.A第二十八页，共55页。(8)Everyoneshouldbe_____toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.AattributedBentitledCidentifiedDjustifiedattributeto归因于identifysth.withsth.将…东西与…东西认为是相同的证明,表明B第二十九页，共55页。(9)Shecooledthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit____enoughtoeat.AmildBslightClightDtender温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的轻微的,少许的e.g.Aslightestchangeoftheschedulemayaffecteveryone.light反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的(肉)嫩的Wild粗野的，野蛮的Wildanimal,wildhorse,wildflowershotspicy第三十页，共55页。(10)Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinabilitylazybones懒骨头贫穷,穷困poor无能力idle:闲置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲e.g.idlecapitalidleawaysometime虚度光阴killtime

C第三十一页，共55页。(11)Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou____thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstain

BACKcrash表示飞机的失事wreck轮船的失事accident汽车的车祸Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere____andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjuredinjure:在事故中受伤wound:(刀、枪等）伤hurt:(感情、情感的）伤n.污点，污迹(点状)v.使…有污点spotteddogspit—spotchop—chip弄脏,染色(片状污迹)D第三十二页，共55页。IV.形近词(1)NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangementPayattentiontotractor:拖拉机attraction:吸引力attractone’sattention正式约会KeepappointmentBreakappointment男女之间的约会：date第三十三页，共55页。(2)Therainwasheavyand_____thelandwasflooded.

AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently

相当于therefore,比较正式，一般在句首连续地（没有间断性）continually连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）“始终如一地，恒定地;总是”固定词伙：恒温constanttemperature“一贯地”固定词伙：consistentpolicylightrainraincatsanddogsA第三十四页，共55页。(3)Ihatepeoplewho_____theendofafilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverseRe-:againrewrite=writeagainreviewreviseRe-:backreturnrejectreverse(转)：颠倒揭示，揭露A第三十五页，共55页。(4)Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.AreleaseBrelieveCrelateDretainreleasesth.tosb.“向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：releaseenergy减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieveyourpain/worryn.relief固定搭配：toone’srelief使某人宽慰的是relatesth.tosth.在思想或意义上与…有联系berelatedto保持，保留A第三十六页，共55页。(5)Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural_____.

AtraditionBtransportationCtransmissionDtransformation

传送,播送transmitv.第三十七页，共55页。(6)Therewerenotickets_____forFriday’sperformance.

ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable可得到的,可应用的,可获得的Thedictionaryisavailable.Themanagerisavailable.Thereisnoroom(available)inourhotel.Considerv.Considerable:值得考虑的,可观的,量大的Considerate:考虑周到的--prefer(vt.)喜欢--prefertodo--prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do宁愿…而不愿--prefersth.tosth./preferdoingtodoing(prefercoffeetotea)DPreferable:更合适的,更喜欢的具有比较意义的形容词(不能与more,than,-er连用):superiorto优于----inferiortosecondto仅次于(I’msecondtonone.)Sensitiveto对…感到敏感第三十八页，共55页。(7)Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_____towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable

偏爱的partialto/towardsimpartialto/towards不偏不倚的benefitfromliabletosth.遭遇到某事A第三十九页，共55页。(8)SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_______inthemarket.AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels装液体的大木桶便宜货，讨价还价打折discount20%discountv.bargainwithsb.与某人讨价还价bargainaboutsth.就…讨价还价B第四十页，共55页。(9)Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_____aboutpricesinthatcity.AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain

辩论，辩论会咨询consultant顾问反驳beyonddispute无可争辩D第四十一页，共55页。(10)Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthe_____lot.AvalidBvainCvacantDvague具有法律效力的没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空反:occupiedempty空空如也,什么也没有invain徒劳,白费力气含糊不清的第四十二页，共55页。(11)Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_____.AblankBhollowCvacantDbare因为没写字而空中空的、空心的反：solid光秃秃的（一般形容土地）bald光头D第四十三页，共55页。V.动词词组及短语turnTurndown将音量关小，拒绝Turnup把音量开大；出现Turnout结果是、证明；生产Turnover移交，转交（没有方向性）Turnto求助于，参考Turnin交给，上交Thiscompanyhasturnedout100cars.takeover接管handover交给，递给Referto第四十四页，共55页。makeMakeoutMakefor朝…走去Makeoff匆匆地离开某地,逃走MakeupMakeit=succeedindoingsth.(听力中常出现)Makeupfor弥补,补偿LeaveforShanghai.Makeformyoffice.组成,构成+数字/百分比bemadeupof组成,构成(被动)补考缓考第四十五页，共55页。takeTakeafter在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象Takeapart(将大型机器)分解，拆开Takeback收回=withdrawTakedown记下,写下Takeeffect生效Takeeffectivesteps/measures采取有效措