考研作文讲解

结构科学内容充实

二：考研写作应对策略n：结构——注意逻辑

图画类三大经典段落：

1.图画描述段

四句

首句(总体描述)，1句，第一段主题句。人物/动物/事物+动作+环境，或人物+服装+表情。

Asisvividlyrevealedinthecartoon,...

(depicted)(drawing)

1)1998：Asisvividlyrevealedinthecartoon,ahenismakingpromises.

2)2000:Thedrawingsvividlyillustratethechangesofnumbersoffishes

andfishing-boatsinthepast100years.

3)2001:Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethatalampisshininginthedarkness/asparkis

smilinginthedarkness.

4)2002:ThephotovividlyshowsalovelyAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostumewitha

sweetsmileonherface.

5)2003:Thissetofdrawingsvividlyreflectsthedestinyofadelicateflowerunderdifferent

circumstances.

6)2004：Itisvividlyillustratedinthecartoonthataboyisrunningonthe

playground/makingthefinalspurtalongtheracetrack.

7)2005：Asisvividlydepictedinthedrawing,fouryoungpeopleareplayinga“football

match“ofcaringtheirhelplessfatherontheplayground.

8)2006：ThepicturesvividlyrevealthatBeckhamisextremelypopularinChinaatpresent.

二、三句描写画面(挖掘细节)

1)1998:Whilelayingeggs,sheisproudlypromisesthathereggsareallroundand

oval-shapedratherthantwisted.Inaddition,theyareallcomposedofeggwhitesandyolks.

2)2000：Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishesandonlyonefishing-boatin1900.

Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,butagreatmanyflshing-boats.

3)2001:Anoillampisdesignedwithflameshowingachild9ssmile.Itlookssopureand

innocentthatwecanalmostfeelthecareandwarmthfromthesymboloflove.

4)2002:Shewearsribbons,earrings,necklacesandotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristics

oftheclothesofacertainChineseminoritygroup.Besides,thecostumehasaddedoriental

charmtoherbeautifulappearances.

写作部分

2

5)2003：Inthefirstdrawing,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhich

protectsitfromthethreateningstorm.Bycontrast,whenitexposedtothedrivingrain,the

fragrantflowersoonfadesandwithers,withpetalscastaboutontheground.

6)2004：Afteralongjourney,heismakingthefinalspurttowardthefinishingline,sweat

pouringdownhisface.Straightaheadliesasignwhichindicatesanewustartingpointnand

encourageshimtocontinuerushingtothenextdestination.

7)2005:Inthecartoon,eachofthemstandsinthedifferentcornerofthefield.Theelderson

kicksouttheoldfather,withtheotherthreechildrenguardingtheirgoals.

8)2006：Inthefirstphoto,thereisayoungmanwithBECKHAMonhisface.Inthesecond

picture,thereisanotheryoungmanwhoisdoingBeckham'shaircutinabarber'sshop.

Captions:文字说明

1)2001：Thecaptionreads,uLoveislikealampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces99.

3)2004:Thecaptionreads,uthefinishinglineisalsothestartingpoint”.

2)2003：Weareinformedthatutheflowergrowinginagreenhousecannotwithstandthetest

ofastorm^^.

4)2005:Weareinformedthatitisa“footballmatchingoffinanciallysupporttheelderly”.

第四句(启示、总结)

Itisobviousthat...

Obviously,...

Comparingthetwopictureswecanconcludethat...

Themeaningconveyedbythepicturesisclearbutprofound:

Itisnotdifficulttoconcludethesymbolicmeaningofthepictures...

段落实例1

Thissetofdrawingsvividlyreflectsthedestinyofadelicateflowerunderdifferent

circumstances.Inthefirstdrawing,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhich

protectsitfromthethreateningstorm.Bycontrast,whenitisexposedtothedrivingrain,the

fragrantflowersoonfodesandwithers,withpetalsscatteringontheground.Weareinformed

that“theflowergrowinginagreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofastorm”.

段落实例2

2000年真题(首段描述练习)

写作部分

3

Directions:

A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150

words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

1.Describethepictures.

2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures.

3.Suggestcounter-measures.

2.意义阐述段：

图画作文原则：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体。

第一句：TopicSentence主题句，应是SymbolicMeaning,即图画或图表的深层含义。

Thesymbolicmeaningofthepictureistoshowusthatimportanceshouldbeattachedto...

Thepictureillustratestherealmeaningof...,bystressingthefactthat...

Undoubtedly,thedrawinghassymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminourdailylife,...

1)1998:Thesymbolicmeaningofthepictureistoshowusthatimportanceshouldbe

attachedtothewidespreadmeaninglesspromisesmadebypeoplefromallkindsoflife.

2)2000:Thepurposeofthedraweristoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothe

declineoceanresources.

写作部分

4

3)2001:Thepictureillustratestherealmeaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveis

emotionalstrength,whichcansupportusnomatterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.

4）2002：ThefactthatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesareattractedtomysteriousChinese

cultureindicatesthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciated,

respectedandsharedinternationally.

5）2003：Undoubtedly,thedrawingshavesymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminour

dailylife,parents9dotingcaretoonlychildinthecurrentsociety.

6）2004：Thecartoonconveysthemeaningthatlifeislikeaprocessofrunninginwhichone

shouldmakeconstanteffortsandneverstopmakingprogress.

7）2005：Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthatutmostimportanceshouldbeattached

tothemistreatmentofseniorcitizens.

8）2006：Thepictureshavesubtlyreflectedthesocialphenomenonthatidolworshipis

prevalentamongtheteenagersnowadays.

二到四句：论证

论证角度（四种角度）

①Background背景：政治、经济、文化和社会

A.Withtheglobalization,idolworshipisextremelypopularamongthe

adolescents.

B.Withthespeedysocialandeconomicdevelopment,youngstersinmounting

numbersadmirethecelebrities.

C.Withthereformandopening-upinrecentdecadesinChina,youngpeoplein

expandingnumbersadoresuperstars.

②Other、opinion（先提出再驳斥）

A.2001:Whenweusetheword“love”,wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoa

personoftheoppositesex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.

B.2002:Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondonlyanewfashiontrend.Instead,

itcarriesculturalmeanings.

C.2003:Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflower

growinginthegreenhousecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthe

symbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously.

D.2004:Onceapersonstopsmakingprogress,hecanhardlymaintainhispast

gloryandsurviveinthiscompetitiveworld.

写作部分

5

③Reason原因

2004：Owingtothequickeningpaceoflife,competitiongoesincreasinglyfierceinall

walksoflife,stimulatingeveryonetopursueonegoalafteranother.

④Consequence结果：任何问题都有结果，结果一般有利有弊

A.2002：Sincethetrendofglobalizationbecomeirresistible,culturalcommunication

caneffectivelyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.

B.2003:Oncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchallengesfrom

therealworld,theyarefoundtoospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.

论证手段

①分析原因：（2~3点）

Firstandforemost,somepeopleshirktheirdutyofflnanciallysupportingtheiroldand

helplessparentsduetotheirowninterests.Furthermore,someelderlypeopleareoften

ill-treatedbytheirownchildrenandcannotleadanormallife,theirparentsareneglected

andreducedtoutterpoverty.(2005年)

②举例论证：

Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumay

savehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,

justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeher

life.Youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismost

needed.(2001)

③下定义

A.2006:Whatisidolworship?Idolworshipisusuallytheadolescents,admirationtofamous

stars.

B.2003:Inotherwords,anation'suniqueculturecanbecomeinternationalthrough

worldwideeconomicandculturalexchanges.

④利弊分析

段落实例2

Thereisnoreasontomakeafussaboutthisphenomenon.Withtherapiddevelopmentof

technologyandeconomy,theworldisbecomingsmaller,andinternationalcultural

exchangeshavebecomemoreandmorefrequent,whichisinevitablyimprovingourmutual

understandingandfriendshipwithothercultures.(2002)

3.结尾(结论4句)

写作部分

6

结论第一句

1)2001：Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoareunfortunatethan

weare.

2)2006:Hence,idolatry,thethought-provokingsocialphenomenon,isadouble-edgedsword

whichcanexertprofoundinfluenceonthegrowthofyoungpeople.

3)Asaconsequence,itisimperativeforustotakeeffectiveactions.

4)Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provoking

drawings.

5)Inmyopinion,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasurestoreversethedisturbing

trendillustratedinthepictures.

6)Thissimplepictureisawake-upcallforthewholeofthehumanrace.

7)Therefore,itisnecessaryforustouseInternetinareasonablewayandrestrainfrom

overindulgence.

结论第二句(具体建议措施、个人观点)

2)2003:Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemore

independentinlife.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheir

childrenmorefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.

3)2005：Tobeginwith,relevantlawsandregulationsshouldbemadetoseverelypunish

thosewhoshirktheresponsibilitiesofcaringtheirparents.Inaddition,weshouldcultivate

theawarenessoftheyoungthatrespectingtheoldhasalwaysbeenthetraditionalvirtueof

Chineseculture.

4)2006:Itismyviewthat,firstofall,thewholesocietyshouldattachgreatimportanceto

thesoundgrowthofyoungsters.Furthermore,properguidanceandprotectionofadultsand

schoolsarevitaltoteenagers.

结论第三句：（倒装，强调，虚拟语气）

1）2002：Onlyinthiswaycanwepromoteculturaldevelopmentpositivelyandmakeour

worlddimensional,colorfulandvigorous.

2）2003：Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoilsinadversitycanyoungpeople

cultivatestrongpersonalityandability,andonlyinthiswaycantheybecomewinnersinthis

competitiveworld.

写作部分

7

3）2005:Onlyinthiswaycanwecurbthecurrentevilphenomenonrevealedinthepicture.

4）Inconclusion,itispersistentworkthatisconducivetoyourgraspingaconsiderable

vocabulary.

5）Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisonthisphenomenon.

图表类三大经典段落

类型

1.table（表格图）

2.piechart（饼状图）

3.barchart（柱状图）

3.linechart（曲线图）

术语

1.增加/上升/提高

Increase,grow,rise,climb,expand,jump,ascend,surge

2.减少/下降

Decrease,decline,fall,drop,descend,plunge,shrink,collapse

3.剧烈/显著/明显

1）副词：dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,incredibly,

amazingly,substantially

2）词组：atanalarmingrate,byleapsandbounds,inbigleaps,byawidemargin

4.缓慢/逐渐

gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,moderately

5.保持平稳/不变：remainstable/unchanged

6.起伏/不变

Riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween...and...,aminorfluctuation,

smallrisesandfalls/fluctuations

段落实例：

1997年：

Smoking（健康专题）

1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.

2.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreason

写作部分

8

Asisshowninthebarchart,thetotalproductionoftobaccointheworldshrankform14.364

billionpoundsin1994to14.2billionpoundsin1995.Accordiingtothefiguresgiveninthe

piechart,tobaccoconsumersaccountfor20%oftheworldpopulation.Thiscausesgreat

harmtous.Finically,itresultsinayearlylossof200billionUSdollarsspentoncigarettes.

Physically,about3millionpeopleontheglobedieformsmokingrelateddiseaseseveryyear.

第三篇实战写作

一：真题

2008年试题：

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1）describethedrawingbriefly,

2）explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3）giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）

写作部分

9

写作步骤：

审题（analyzethequestionZinins）

构思（brainstorm）

列提纲（outline）

写作（writeup）

检查（checkup）

1）审题

第步：仔细看图画和图画说明性文字--确定写

作内容，若有生词，通过山下文推断意思。

第二步：仔细看题目要求--确定写作结构

2）构思

第一步：何种话题、怎样展开、何种论据

第二步：提纲…关键词…整理思路，形成观点

3）写作

第一段：1）点明主题2）描述图片•1

3）描述图片24）中心思想

第二段：1）主题句2-4）分析原因5-6）结果

第三段：评论/措施

注意事项：

1.时态；能动不静；能短语不单词；好词非难词

2.错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句（词句多变）

3.写再次思索后的句子

4.词句把握准确，最好是背过的

5.选材得体：无需追求新奇思维以情动人

6.第一印象：第一段往往决定分数高低

7.避免口语及缩略语

8.同义替换：worthy—valuable/precious

9.语言修补纠错问题（主谓一致时态冠词单复数介词搭配拼写错误）

首段：图画描述

1）Thescenedepictedinthecartoon,Ifeel,shouldcatchmostviewer'sattention.2）As

isvividlyillustratedinthepictureabove,twodisabledmenarerunningfastthrough

teamworkalthougheachofthemhasonlyoneleg.3)Obviously,itisteamworkthat

makesitpossibleforthemtogoanywheretheywant・

第二段：意义阐释

4)Simpleasitis,whatthepictureconveystousisthought-provoking.5)Withthe

developmentofeconomy,competitionisbecomingincreasinglyfierce.3)Itisimpossiblefor

anyonetofinishaworkallbyhimself.4)Hence,peopleinmountingnumbersputgreat

emphasisonteamwork.5)Infact,ithasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthattheabilityof

写作部分

10

teamworkisthemostessentialqualificationthatanyonewhowantstoachievesuccess

shouldpossess.

第三段：建议措施

6)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthatwe

shouldcooperatewitheachotherandworktogether.Ifyouunderstandandadheretothis

principleinyourstudyandwork,youwilldefinitelybenefitgreatly.

2009年试题：

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

网络的“远”与“近”

第一段

1)Thecartoon,simpleyetcarryingrichmeaning,showsthatmanypeople,old

andyoung,menandwomensurftheInternet,scanningforthelatestnews,

chattingwithothers,andplayingonlinegames.2)Theydon'trealizethatthey

arebeingimprisonedinseparatedsmallcubicles.Thecaptioninthedrawing

reads,utheinternet:nearorfar”.

写作部分

11

第二段

3)Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthattheinternetasacommunication

toolhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4)Ontheonehand,manypeople

holdaviewthatinternetmakesuscloserthaneverbefore.5)Withthe

developmentofscienceandtechnology,computersandinternetareplayingan

increasinglyimportantroleinourdailylives.6)Wecanachieveanimmediate

communicationviaE-mail,QQ,MSN,ICO.7)Ontheotherhand,othersargue

thattheinternetweakensrelationshipamongpeople.Itcanbeeasilyspotted

thatsomepeoplemaychatwithtotalstrangersonlineforhours,butmayrefuse

totalktotheirfamiliesorfriendsfacetofaceevenforaminute.

第三段

8)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat

internetmaydrawusinchesnear,butcouldalsosetusapart.9)Therefore,itisnecessaryfor

ustouseinternetinareasonablewayandtakepromptinitiativestoeliminatethenegative

effectsconcerned.10)Onlyinthiswaycanwetakeadvantageofinternetandliveinamore

harmonioussociety.

2004年试题

Directions:

Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethedrawing,

2)interpretitsmeaning,and

3)supportyourviewwithexamples.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

写作部分

12

第一段：

Thedrawingvividlyshowsarunnerwhoismakingaspurttowardsthefinishingline

whichisalsothepointhehasstartedfrom.Inthedrawing,therunnerisrunningwith

painstakingeffortaroundthetrackofaplayground,sweatpouringdownhisface.Onthe

groundtherearetwosignsthatsays"ENDING”and"STARTING”

第二段：

Thepainterwantstotellusthat,justlikerunning,whateverwearedoing,weshould

neverstopmakingprogress.Firstandformost,itappliestoindividualsasinsucha

competitiveworldeverybodyistryingtogetahead.Furthermore,thecountryonthewhole

shouldmoveforwardintermsofpolitics,economy,andculturesothatweChineseasa

nationcangainsustainedrespectfromotherpeoples.

第三段：

Examplestoprovetheviewareabundant.Themostpersuasivearethecasesoffamous

athleteslikeFuMingxiaandDengYaping,whosesuccessisgainedthroughnon-stopefforts.

Bycontrast,alotofpeoplechoosetotakearesttoenjoytheirsmallsuccessandthuslosethe

motivationforfurtherachievement・Insum,keepingmakingprogressshouldbetheright

attitudetowardslifeandworkforeverybodyandeverforacountry.

第四篇应用文写作(一)

题目要求

考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和

公务信函，备忘录，报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。总分10分。

二：信函写作

格式：称呼、落款、正文

真题回顾

2007年(建议信)

PartA

Directions:

Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing,9instead.Donotwrite

theaddress.(lOpoints)

目的

Iamsinceretogivesomesuggestionsconcerning...

Iamwritingtoadviceyouofimprovingthequalityofyourserviceinthelibrary.

委婉提出建议

写作部分

13

Inmyopinion,ourlibraryshoulddoitsbestto...

MyIsuggestthat...?

WhatIintendtosuggestisthatwhetheryoucan...

表达希望和谢意

Thankyouforyourattentionforthismatter.

Ihopethesesuggestionwillbeusefulforyou.

例文：

Towhomitmayconcern,

Asafrequenterofourlibrary,Ihavegreatlybenefitedfromitsresources.NowIam

writingtopresentmysuggestionsonthefurtherimprovementofthelibraryservice.

Firstly,Iwouldliketosuggestthatthelibraryshouldpurchasemorebooksrecently

published,fortheoutdatedmaterialsareoflittlevaluetothestudenfsstudyandresearch.

Secondly,Iwouldalsorecommendyoumaintainstrictorderofthereading-room,forthere

arealwayssomestudentschattingandeating

Isincerelyhopethatyouwillfindmysuggestionspracticalandtakethemintoserious

consideration.Yourpromptattentiontomysuggestionwouldbehighlyappreciated.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

总结：提建议，语言一定要委婉，礼貌，顾及他人的感情。在提出其缺点前，最好先肯定

其优点。

与投诉信的对比

模板（投诉信）

Dear____,

Iam写信人的身份。Iamwritingtoexpressmyconcern/dissatisfaction/disappointment

about...o

Iamdissatisfiedwith抱怨的具体内容because抱怨的原因。Ihavealreadyattemptto

自己的方案。Unfortunately,itseemedthat...

Allinall,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.BeforeItakeanyfurtheraction,I

dohopeyoucantakesomeeffectivemeasurestoimprovethesituation.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

2008年（致歉信）

Directions:

YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyou

forgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto

1）makeanapology,and

2）suggestasolution

写作部分

14

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

DonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletterUse“LiMingvinstead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

第一部分：表示歉意

套语：

Iamwritingthislettertoapologizetoyouformyfailingto....

Hereismydeepestapologyforforgettingtheappointmentwehadmade.

第二部分：说明理由提出弥补措施

WouldyoumindifIchangetheappointmenttime?

Woulditbeconvenientforyou...?

第三部分：

Willyoupleaseacceptmyapology?

2006年(请求信&申请信)

Directions

YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtochildinaremote

area.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.You

shouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.

WriteyourletterwithnolessthanlOOwords.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter;use"LingMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

首段：明确写作目的。

Asa身份，Iamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpme帮助的具体事宜。

第二段交待事情缘由

Thereasonfor...isthat...

Iwouldliketopayfortherelevantexpensebycashorcreditcard.

第三段，表达自己的期盼和谢意

Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests

Yourearlyreplywillbegreatlyappreciated

Iamlookingforwardtoapromptreplyfromyou.

2005年(辞职信)

Directions:

TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesign&Fashions.But

nowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealetterto

yourboss,Mr.Wang‘tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakingan

写作部分

15

apology.

WriteyourletterwithnolessthanlOOwords.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan

lOOwords.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter;use“LingMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

第一段：写作目的

Iwouldformallyrequesttoresignfrommypresentpostas...

IregrettoinformyouthatIdecidedtoresignfrommypresentpositionas...

第二段：解释辞职原因

Therearethreefactorsaccountingformydecision.

Iquitebecause...

I'vebeentrying,butIdon'tthinkIamupforthisjob.

第三段：表达歉意

IwanttoapologizefortheinconvenienceIhavecaused.

Thankyouforyourattentiontomyrequest.

DearMr.Wang,

Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutmydecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.Iplan

toleavemyjobhereonSeptember30th.

Thereareseveralreasonsinv