新教材高考英语一轮复习UNIT2ICONICATTRACTIONS训练含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGEPAGE11UNIT2ICONICATTRACTIONSA卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Yourqualificationsentitle(使享有权利)youtoahighersalaryandabetterpositiontomakethemostofyourtalents.2．Tohelprelievetheirhomesickness,acompanyevenfulfilledanorderfromaWelshmanwhorequestedasample(样品)ofairfromthemountainousregionofhishometown.3．Readingliteratureworksinanewlanguageisagoodwaytolearnitanddive(潜入)intoaforeignculture.4．Therescueteamputupatemporary(临时的)hospitalontheplaygroundofourhighschooltohelptheinjured.5．AIissmartenoughtodoafewthingswithincredibleaccuracyandnow,italsodevelopsthecapacity(能力)todetectlonelinessinhumans.6．MostpeopleintheUSdon'treallycareaboutthewaytheydress,whichreflectstheirrealpersonality—straightforward(坦率的)andfrank.7．Thewholeschoolworkedtogetherandsooncollectedenoughmoneytosponsor(赞助)theproject.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocated(locate)atthefootofthehillnearourschool.2．Themanwenttotheexhibitionsponsored(sponsor)byanon­profitorganization.3．Theprizeprovidedherwithforeverfreedom(free)tocontinuehergeneticresearchwithoutrepeatedlyaskingforfinancialaid.4．Violent(violence)programmesontelevisionmayhaveabadinfluenceonchildren.5．AnEUdirectivecameintoforceonMay1st,requiringthattraditionalherbalproductsmustbelicensed(license),includingtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)．6．Thedailyflighttothecityhasbeentemporarily(temporary)suspendedbecauseoftheearthquake.7．ThereisnodenyingthatChinaisplayinganimportantroleontheinternationalpolitical(politics)stage.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenyouaretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.2．Ifyoubelievethatsomeoneiscapableofachievinggreatness,thatpersonwillindeedachievegreatness.3．Tokeepsecure,makesuretheattachmentsarefreeof_anyvirusorotherdefects.4．Hebelievesthathehasunlockedthesecretofhowtosucceedinaninterview.5．Onespecialfeatureofearthbuildingsistheirroundshape.Theywerebuiltlikethissothattheroomswouldbefairlydistributedamongfamilymembers.6．Robertdivedintohispocketandtookoutahandfulofpennies.Ⅳ.选词填空peakseason,aflockof,ahandfulof,distribute...to...,becapableof,layafoundationfor,forfree1．Peoplelivinginthatcitycanusetheirpublictransportationfor_free．2．Oneeveningthesunwasjustsettingwhena_flock_ofbeautifullargebirdsappearedoutofthebushes.3．Septemberisthetouristpeak_seasoninChinaandyouhavetopaymorefortickets.4．Weinvitedtwentypeople,butonlya_handful_ofpeoplecame,whichmadeusverydisappointed.5．Thousandsofsoldiersareworkingtodistributefoodandblanketstotherefugees.Ⅴ.完成句子/一句多译1．(2019·江苏卷)很长时间以来，大家都知道黄石公园本质上是火山引起的——这解释了它所有的温泉和其他蒸汽特征。IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhat_accounted_forallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.2．(江苏卷)位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对“一带一路”的建设贡献更多。Located_where_the_Belt_meets_the_Road,_JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.3．联合国维和部队士兵正努力将补给品分发给三万平民。UNpeacekeepersaretryingtodistribute_supplies_to30,000civilians.4．这场由五千多人参加的大会迎接了这位伟大的英雄。①Themeeting,which_was_attended_by_over_five_thousand_people,_welcomesthegreathero.(定语从句)②Themeetingattended_by_over_five_thousand_peoplewelcomesthegreathero.(v.­ed作定语)5．两国人民之间交往频繁。①There_are_frequent_contacts_betweenthepeopleofthetwocountries.(adj.frequent)②Thepeopleofthetwocountriesfrequently_contact_witheachother.(adv.frequently)B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·江苏高三月考)Unusualshapes,ambitiousdesigns,newmaterialsandnewdifferentstyleshavecomewiththemodernarchitectureintoconstructiontoday.Andtheworldowessomeofitsstrangestbuildingstothemastermindsofunconventionalarchitects.Herearesomeofthem.CubicHouses,Rotterdam,NetherlandsTheCubicHousesareanarchitecturalwonderlocatedinRotterdam,theNetherlands.TheyweredesignedandconstructedbyarchitectPietBlominthe1970s.BlomwasaskedbyRotterdamtownplannerstosolvethedilemmaofbuildinghousesontopofapedestrianbridge.They'recubes(立方体)situatedindifferentanglesoverhexagonalpoles(柱),sotheylookliketreesandaltogethermakeaforest.Thereare38smallcubesandtheyareallattachedtoeachother.NationalCentreforthePerformingArts,ChinaTheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts(NCPA),describedasTheGiantEgg,isanartscenterinBeijing,China.TheconstructionstartedinDecember2001andittookalmost6yearstocomplete.Thebuildingissurroundedbyanartificiallake,seats5，452peopleinthreehallsandisalmost12，000insize.Asoneofthestrangestbuildings,itwasdesignedbyFrencharchitectPaulAndreu.ForestSpiral(螺旋),GermanyTheForestSpiralisaresidential(住宅的)buildingcomplexinDarmstadt,Germany.ItwasdesignedbyAustrianartistFriedensreichHundertwasser,andconstructedbytheBauvereinDarmstadtcompany.Thebuildingwascompletedin2000.It'sareallyamazingbuildingwithagreenroof,resemblingaspiral.Habitat67,Montreal,CanadaHabitat67,ahousingcomplexinMontreal,Canada,wasdesignedbyIsraeli­CanadianarchitectMosheSafdie.Habitat67resemblesaveryinterestingarrangementofcubesthatkidsplaywith.Itlookssooriginalandisabuildingcompletelystableandcomfortableforliving.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四个奇特的建筑。1．Whatmakesthefourbuildingsspecial?A．Theirsizes.B．Theirfunctions.C．Theirappearances.D．Theirbuildingmaterials.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Unusualshapes,ambitiousdesigns,newmaterialsandnewdifferentstyleshavecomewiththemodernarchitectureintoconstructiontoday.(不寻常的形状、雄心勃勃的设计、新材料和新的不同的风格，这些随着现代建筑进入了今天的建设中)”可知，这四座建筑的特别之处在于它们不寻常的外表。故选C。2．Whichofthefollowingbuildingsresembletrees?A．TheCubicHouses.B．TheNCPA.C．TheForestSpiral.D．Habitat67.A解析：细节理解题。根据CubicHouses,Rotterdam,Netherlands部分中的“They'recubes(立方体)situatedindifferentanglesoverhexagonalpoles(柱),sotheylookliketreesandaltogethermakeaforest.(它们是位于六角形杆上的不同角度的立方体，所以它们看起来像树木，合起来就是一片森林)”可知，荷兰的立体房屋像树。故选A。3．WhatdotheForestSpiralandHabitat67share?A．Theylooklikecubes.B．Theywerebuiltforliving.C．Theyhaveagreenroof.D．Theywerecompletedin2000.B解析：细节理解题。根据ForestSpiral(螺旋),Germany部分中的“TheForestSpiralisaresidential(住宅的)buildingcomplexinDarmstadt,Germany.(森林螺旋是位于德国达姆施塔特的一个住宅建筑群)”和Habitat67,Montreal,Canada部分中的“Habitat67,ahousingcomplexinMontreal,Canada,wasdesignedbyIsraeli­CanadianarchitectMosheSafdie.(67号栖息地是加拿大蒙特利尔的一个住宅综合体，由以色列裔加拿大籍建筑师莫舍·萨夫迪设计)”可知，森林螺旋和67号栖息地共同之处在于它们都是生活住宅。故选B。B(2021·重庆巴蜀中学质检)Americaiswellknownforbeingameltingpotofdifferentethnicgroupsandcultures,butnowhereisthisdiversitymorepronouncedthaninQueens,NewYork.Here,second­generationPuertoRicanslivealongsidethird­generationGreeksandfirst­generationKoreans,allunitedbyacommonfeelingofprideintheirAmericanidentity.However,theyarealsoproudandcuriousabouttheirancestralroots.NationalGeographic'sGenographicProject,alsoknownastheHumanFamilyTree,setouttotracetheoriginsbyexaminingtheirgeneticmakeupusingasimpleDNAtest.Whatinterestedthemmorewassomethingthatintriguesusall:thehistoryofourrecentancestry.One_recurring_themeamongimmigrantsseemstobethehardworkandsacrificesthatwentintobuildinganewlife,andhowtheirdescendantsnowfeeladutytohonorthateffortbyworkinghardtoo.HereisoneQueensresident'sstory.Richard,38Mygreat­grandfatherTomascametoAmericafromPolandwhenhewasfifteen.Hismotherhaddied,andhisfatherremarried.Tomasdidn'tlikehisstepmother,soheranawaytoBelgium,whereheboardedashiptoAmerica—withoutaticket.ArrivinginAmericawithnothing,hegotajobontherailroadsinCalifornia.Thenonedayhesawanannouncementinanewspaperthatwasreadbyimmigrants.ItwasfromhisbrotherinNewYorkwhowasalsoseekinghisfortuneinAmericaandwaslookingforhim.TomasgotintouchandtheyhadanemotionalreunioninNewYork,whereTomassubsequentlysettled.Thisisthestorythatmygrandmotherhaspasseddowntous,tomyparents,andallmyauntsanduncles.SheisanamazingwomanandIsuppose:theonewhoholdsusalltogether.She'sactuallyquiteforgetfulnow,butsheneverforgetsfamilydetails.Whatthathasmeantisthatallofushaveastrongfamilybondandastrongsenseofbelongingtoagroupthathasstruggledandfoughttogethertosucceedhere.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。美国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，移民去美国的人尽管在美国生活了几代，但他们仍对自己的祖辈感到骄傲和好奇。祖辈的努力和牺牲让他们有强烈的家庭归属感，也激励着他们更加努力。4．WhatisspecialaboutQueens?A．Conflictingethnicminoritieslivehere.B．Manyforeignersliketotraveltothisplace.C．Thepronunciationvariesfrompersontoperson.D．Manydifferentpeopleandculturesaregatheringhere.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，美国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，但这种多样性在纽约的皇后区最为明显，即：皇后区汇集了不同种族的人和文化。D项“Manydifferentpeopleandculturesaregatheringhere.(许多不同的人和文化在这汇集)”符合以上说法，故选D。5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Onerecurringtheme”inparagraph2referto?A．Asadexperience. B．Acommonsubject.C．Anunknowntopic. D．Anunusualquality.B解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子“Onerecurringthemeamongimmigrantsseemstobethehardworkandsacrificesthatwentintobuildinganewlife,andhowtheirdescendantsnowfeeladutytohonorthateffortbyworkinghardtoo.”可知，这是很多移民谈到的话题，故推测画线部分的意思是“一个共同的主题”。B项“Acommonsubject.(一个共同的主题)”符合以上说法，故选B。6．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeTomas?A．Braveandindependent.B．Toughandhonest.C．Talentedandpersistent.D．Kindandhard­working.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...soheranawaytoBelgium,whereheboardedashiptoAmerica—withoutaticket.ArrivinginAmericawithnothing,hegotajobontherailroadsinCalifornia.”可知，托马斯没有买票，一个人坐上了到美国的轮船，到了美国后身无分文，他在加利福尼亚的火车站找了一份工作，这些体现了托马斯的勇敢和独立。A项“Braveandindependent.(勇敢和独立)”符合以上说法，故选A。7．Whatcanweknowabouttheimmigrantsfromthetext?A．Theyareashamedoftheirroots.B．Theyfeelattachedtotheirfamily.C．Theycan'tfitinwiththenewsurroundings.D．Theyarelessinterestedinrecentgenerations.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whatinterestedthemmorewassomethingthatintriguesusall:thehistoryofourrecentancestry.”和最后一段中的“She'sactuallyquiteforgetfulnow...andfoughttogethertosucceedhere.”可知，美国移民对他们祖辈的历史更感兴趣；理查德的祖母忘不了家庭细节意味着他们有强烈的家庭归属感，即这些移民看重家庭，对家庭很依恋。B项“Theyfeelattachedtotheirfamily.(他们对家庭感到依恋)”符合以上说法，故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·山东威海一模)We'veallbeentherebefore:You'redrivingdowntheroadwhensuddenlyapothole(凹坑)seemstoappearoutofnowhereandsendsthe__1__jumping.Mostpeoplethinkpotholesare__2__，butartistJimBachorseesthemasacanvas(画布)forhisartwork.Bachorusesthe__3__artformofmosaic(镶嵌工艺)tocreateeye­catching,colorfulimagesoffamousartistslikeArethaFranklinorsimpleeveryday__4__likefood.Heevenmakesless­appealingvisualsofinsects.Bachorwasagraphicdesignerfor20yearsbeforehebeganhis__5__inmosaic.HeregardsanincidentaltriptoEuropeashismotivationtochangecareers.While__6__inItaly,BachorfellinlovewithPompeii,thepreservedancientRomancity.Atourguidepointedoutamosaic,madeofmainlyglassandmarble,andtoldBachor,“Glassandmarbledon't__7__.So,thislooksessentiallythewaytheartistintended.”Bachorsays,“Thatkindofstayingpowerjust__8__mesomuch.”Ayearlater,BachorreturnedtoattendamosaicclassinRavenna,Italy,tolearntheproperwayto__9__theancienttechnique.Yearsafterthat,hemasteredthetechnique.He__10__thatmosaicscanbejustassignificanttodayastheartformover1，000yearsago.“Ijustsawthattherewasa(n)__11__tobringitintothenewageasacontemporarysubject，”hesays.So,Bachordecidedtomakeaspecialpieceof__12__forthatpothole.Hehas__13__mosaicpotholeartaroundChicago,Detroit,NewYorkCityandeveninFinland.Whilehemaynotbegetting__14__fromdriversorpassengers,Bachor'sartis__15__apleasantsurprisetodiscover.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。坑坑洼洼的路面会给汽车和行人带来很多不便。艺术家巴赫尔突发奇想，把自己的镶嵌艺术作品放到路面的浅坑里，这不仅能被路过的人欣赏，还能起到提醒的作用。1．A.body B．rockC．car D．sandC解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们以前都遇到过这种情况：你正开车沿着道路行驶时，突然一个凹坑似乎凭空出现，让汽车颠簸跳跃。body意为“身体”，rock意为“岩石”，car意为“汽车”，sand意为“沙地”。根据上文“You'redrivingdowntheroad”可推断，凹坑让车颠簸跳跃。故选C。2．A.challenging B．interestingC．discouraging D．annoyingD解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人认为凹坑很烦人，但艺术家吉姆·巴赫尔把它们看作是他的艺术品的画布。challenging意为“具有挑战性的”，interesting意为“有趣的”，discouraging意为“泄气的、气馁的”，annoying意为“讨厌的”。根据下文“butartistJimBachorseesthemasacanvas(画布)forhisartwork”可知上下文是转折关系，艺术家巴赫尔把凹坑看作他的画布，相对的是大多数人认为凹坑是烦人的。故选D。3．A.modern B．ancientC．elegant D．mysteriousB解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴赫尔利用古老的镶嵌艺术形式，创造了如著名艺术家艾瑞莎·富兰克林这样的引人注目、丰富多彩的形象，或者如食物这样简单的日常物品的形象。modern意为“现代的”，ancient意为“古代的”，elegant意为“优雅的”，mysterious意为“神秘的”。根据第四段中的“Ayearlater,BachorreturnedtoattendamosaicclassinRavenna,Italy,tolearntheproperwayto________theancienttechnique.”可推断，镶嵌工艺是古代艺术形式。故选B。4．A.objects B．ideasC．routines D．projectsA解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。object意为“物体”，idea意为“主意、想法”，routine意为“日常工作”，project意为“方案、项目”。根据likefood和everyday可推断，此处指简单的日常物品。故选A。5．A.duty B．careerC．belief D．instructionB解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴赫尔在当了20年平面设计师后，开始了他在镶嵌工艺方面的事业。duty意为“责任”，career意为“职业、事业”，belief意为“信念”，instruction意为“指导”。根据下文“HeregardsanincidentaltriptoEuropeashismotivationtochangecareers.”可知，此处指的是事业。故选B。6．A.travelling B．livingC．working D．studyingA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当巴赫尔去意大利旅行的时候，爱上了庞培，一座保存完好的古罗马城市。travel意为“旅行”，live意为“活、居住”，work意为“工作”，study意为“学习”。根据下文提到的Atourguide可知，巴赫尔是去意大利旅行的。故选A。7．A.last B．connectC．fade D．resolveC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：玻璃和大理石不会褪色。last意为“持续”，connect意为“连接”，fade意为“褪色”，resolve意为“分解”。根据下文“So,thislooksessentiallythewaytheartistintended.”可知，玻璃和大理石不会褪色，这看起来基本上是艺术家想要展现的。故选C。8．A.reminded B．confusedC．troubled D．impressedD解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那种持久的力量使我印象非常深刻。remind意为“提醒”，confuse意为“使困惑”，trouble意为“麻烦”，impress意为“使印象深刻”。根据下文“tolearntheproperwayto______theancienttechnique”可知，这种持久力让巴赫尔印象深刻。故选D。9．A.introduce B．performC．promote D．describeB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，巴赫尔回到意大利拉文纳参加了一门镶嵌工艺的课程，学习如何正确地做这种古代技术。introduce意为“介绍”，perform意为“做、进行”，promote意为“促销”，describe意为“描述”。根据下文“Yearsafterthat,hemasteredthetechnique.”可推断，巴赫尔参加课程学习做这种古代技术。故选B。10．A.argued B．imaginedC．remembered D．realizedD解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到镶嵌工艺在今天可以和1000多年前的艺术形式一样重要。argue意为“争论”，imagine意为“想象”，remember意为“记住”，realize意为“意识到”。根据下文“tobringitintothenewageasacontemporarysubject”可知，巴赫尔意识到在今天镶嵌工艺也是重要的。故选D。11．A.link B．timeC．opportunity D．voiceC解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到了一个把它作为当代学科带入新时代的机会。link意为“关联”，time意为“时间”，opportunity意为“机会”，voice意为“声音”。根据下文“So,Bachordecidedtomakeaspecialpieceof______forthatpothole.”可知，巴赫尔看到了使用这种工艺的机会。故选C。12．A.artwork B．machinery­workC．code D．literatureA解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，巴赫尔决定为那个凹坑制作一个特殊的艺术品。artwork意为“艺术品”，machinery­work意为“机械加工”，code意为“代码、密码”，literature意为“文学”。根据下文“Hehas______mosaicpotholeartaroundChicago,Detroit,NewYorkCityandeveninFinland.”可知，巴赫尔为那个凹坑制作了一个特殊的艺术品。故选A。13．A.discovered B．createdC．improved D．taughtB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在芝加哥、底特律、纽约市甚至芬兰都创作了镶嵌工艺凹坑艺术作品。discover意为“发现”，create意为“创造”，improve意为“提高”，teach意为“教”。根据下文的mosaicpotholeart并结合语境可知，巴赫尔创作了镶嵌工艺凹坑艺术作品。故选B。14．A.help B．invitationC．money D．praiseD解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他可能没有得到来自司机或乘客的赞扬，但巴赫尔的艺术无疑是一个令人惊喜的发现。help意为“帮助”，invitation意为“邀请”，money意为“钱”，praise意为“表扬”。while引导让步状语从句，上下文是让步关系，根据下文apleasantsurprise可推断，此处是尽管巴赫尔可能没有得到来自司机和乘客的表扬。故选D。15．A.nearly B．merelyC．certainly D．personallyC解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。nearly意为“几乎、差不多”，merely意为“仅仅”，certainly意为“当然、无疑”，personally意为“亲自地”。尽管没有得到表扬，但是巴赫尔的艺术无疑是一个令人惊喜的发现。故选C。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·安徽黄山一模)HighontheQinghai­TibetPlateau(高原)1.____________(lie)China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan.2._________