新高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习教师用书选修7UNIT21HUMANBIOLOGY

三言两语1.Inourhomeoffice，anyonecaughtdoingsomethingharmfultotheenvironmentmightbepunished.2．It'simpossibleforhimtopassthedrivingtestthistime.3．Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayatthehotel.1.作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。Asstudents，weshouldtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghardrather_than_cheating_in_exams.2．据说他们已研发了一种新的教学方法，这种方法注定会大大提高课堂效果。Theyare_said_to_have_developedanewapproachtoteachingwhichisboundtoimproveclassroomteachinggreatly.[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．abusevt.滥用2．toleratevt.容忍3．postponevt.推迟，延期4．prohibitvt.禁止5．foreseevt.预见6．underlinevt.表明重要性；强调7．temporaryadj.临时的；短暂的8．circumstancen．情形，情况9．seekvt.寻找10．declinevi.下降11．digestvi.消化；理解12．doubtfuladj.可疑的；不肯定的13．opposevt.反对；对抗14．urbanadj.城市的；市区的15．unitevi.团结；联合；统一16．pausen．暂停；停顿17．routinen.日常工作；常规18．thoroughadj.彻底的；细致的19．faithn.信心20．fortunen.大笔财产，巨款21．submitvt.提交，递交22．concernn.担心；担忧[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Certainoccupationshave_declined(decline)overallinrecentyears.2．Thegamehasbeenpostponed(postpone)threetimes.3．Theywereaccusedofabusing(abuse)theirpowertokeeppricesartificiallyhigh.4．Heseemstobeineasycircumstances(circumstance)sincehehadhispayincrease.5．Hadweforeseen(foresee)that，wewouldnothavelethimgo.6．Theysought(seek)invainforsomewheretoshelter.拓展单词1．robvt.使丧失；抢劫→robbern．强盗→robberyn．盗窃2．opposevt.反对→oppositionn．反方；对立面→oppositeadj.相反的；对面的→opposedadj.反对的3．violatevt.违反；违背→violentadj.猛烈的→violencen．暴力4．faithn．信心→faithfuladj.忠诚的；忠实的→faithfullyadv.忠诚地5．equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn．设备；装备6．fortunen．大笔钱财，巨款；运气→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地7．extendv．延长→extensionn．延期8．concernn．担心；担忧→concernedadj.关心的；担忧的→concerningprep.关于；有关[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。1．Weareveryconcernedaboutourcompany'splansconcerningthenewposition.(concern)2．Iwasveryfortunatetoseethis，butinawayIcreatedthisfortuneasIwasalwaysoutthere.(fortune)3．Inordertoequipthemedicalequipmentreasonably，therentcenterwasfoundedinourhospitalin2002.(equip)4．Thisfaithmadethemfaithfultocarryouttheinstructions.(faith)5．Achildgrowingupinaviolentenvironmentlearnsviolenceandmayactviolentlytowardshisownchildren.(violent)6．Importlicenseisonlyallowedtoextendonceandtheextensionisnomorethan3months.(extend)7．Thestudentslivingfarawayfromtheschoolwerestronglyopposedplan.Theirplan.Theiroppositionpreventedtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.(oppose)8．Severalrobbersrobbedthebankofanenormoussumofmoney，makingthelargestrobberyofthiscityinthelastdecade.Buttheyweresooncaughtbythepolice.(rob)阅读单词1．circulatevt.循环2．mineraln．矿物3．supremeadj.最高的，极度的4．compulsoryadj.强制性的；义务的5．violatevt.违反，违背6．privilegedadj.荣幸的7．catervi.满足，迎合8．ampleadj.充足的，充裕的9．storagen．储存10．statisticsn．统计资料；统计数字11．symptomn.症状12．terminaladj.致命的；晚期的_13．minimumn.最低，最小14．deadlinen．截止日期，最后日期1．(江苏卷)．..，thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.以牺牲……为代价2．①Hepaused，waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.领悟②Theorganizationpublishesaregulardigestofenvironmentalstatisics.文摘，摘要3．Wehadtodeclinetheinvitationtovisitourfriendsinanotherday.谢绝[短语多维应用]高频短语1.wipe_out彻底毁灭2．at_random随便地，随意地3．at_all_costs不管多大代价，无论如何4．cater_to满足；迎合5．straight_away立刻，马上6．miss_out遗漏，遗忘；错过机会7．focus_on聚焦；集中；对准[语境运用]选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。Asasinger，hewon't①cater_tothelisteners.Heonly②focuses_onhistruefeelings，sohewon'twriteandsingsongs③at_random.Becauseofthis，hemay④miss_outmanygoodchancesofmakingmoney.Buthewillsticktoit⑤at_all_costs.8.clear_up整理；解释；澄清9．in_despair绝望10．be_responsible_for对……负责任11．get_down_to开始做12．at_any_rate无论如何；至少13．bring_up教育；抚养；呕吐14．stop_sth.in_its_track终止；消灭[语境运用]选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。MygoodfriendMarydidn'tgetthroughtheCollegeEntranceExamination，whichmadeherandherdisabledparents⑥in_despair.Sheknewitwasnoteasyforherparentsto⑦bringherup.Soshewould⑧get_down_togoingoverherlessons.Shetoldmesheshould⑨be_responsible_fornotonlyherselfbutalsoherparents.[句式结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.不定式作主语Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.他不可能解除契约对自己的束缚。It_is_impossible_for_himtogetoffthecontract.2.ratherthan而不是，与其……不如……TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。Mostpeopleprefer_to_buytheirownhomesrather_thanrentthem.3.sb./sth.bebelievedto...Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.据说这本书已译成了几种语言。Thebookissaidto_have_been_translatedintoseverallanguages.1．postponevt.推迟；延期postponesth.推迟某事物；使某事物推迟postponedoingsth.推迟做某事bepostponedfor...(时间)被推迟了……postponesth.to/until...推迟到……postponethemeetingtonextweek会议延期至下星期postponemakingadecision推迟做决定[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Ourschoolhasdecidedtopostponeholding(hold)thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.②ThematchwaspostponedtothefollowingSaturdaybecauseofbadweather.③Let'spostponetomakeadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.to_make→making[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)IshallputoffmakingadecisiontillIlearnfullparticulars.(高级表达)Ishallpostpone_making_a_decisiontillIlearnfullparticulars.2．opposevt.&vi.反对；反抗(1)opposedoingsth.反对做某事opposesb'sdoingsth.反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj.相反的；对立的beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立opposetheplan反对这个计划opposeplayingcomputergames反对打电脑游戏[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①MostAmericanswereopposedtoSyriawar.②Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeeding(feed)ababyregularly.③Sheisverymuchopposedtoyourgoing(go)abroad.④Allthememberspresentopposedtochangethelaw.to_change→changing[链接写作]——一句多译我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。①Ioppose_going_shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(oppose)②Iam_opposed_to_going_shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(opposed)③Iobject_to_going_shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(object)④Iam_against_going_shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(against)3．prohibitvt.禁止，阻止(1)prohibit(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.,prohibitsb'sdoingsth.))禁止某人做某事prohibitsmoking禁止吸烟prohibitvisitorsfromfeedingtheanimals禁止游客投喂动物[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Weareprohibitedfromdrinking(drink)duringworkinghours.②Smokingis_prohibited(prohibit)intheofficebuilding.③Hissmallsizeprohibitshimbecoming(become)apoliceman.④Itiswisetoprohibitstudentsplayingwithsmartphones.playing前加from[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprevent/stop/keeppeoplefromusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.(高级表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibit_people's_usingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.(高级表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibit_people_from_usingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.4．toleratevt.容忍，忍受(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen．容忍；宽容havenotoleranceof/forsb./sth.不能容忍某人/某事物(3)tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的betolerantof/towardssb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事tolerateothers容忍别人can'ttoleratebeingscolded不能容忍被责怪[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Theschoolcannottoleratecheating(cheat)inexams.②Shehadnotoleranceforjokesofanykind.③Perhapsyouneedtobemoretolerantwithyourneighbors.with→to/towards[链接写作]——一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。①Ican'ttolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)②Ican'tbear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)③Ican'tput_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(putupwith)5.submitvt.提交；递交vi.&vt.服从，屈服submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出submitsb./oneselfto使某人/自己甘受，服从submitto服从于，屈服于submitanapplication呈递申请书submittoquestioning接受询问[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Hesubmittedthereportonthemattertothecommittee.②We'llsubmitourselves(us)tothecourt'sjudgement.③Isubmitthatthetermsareentirelyunreasonable.④Werejectedhissubmission(submit)thatthisbedoneatonce.⑤Hesubmittedhimtoasearchbytheguards.him→himself[链接写作]——完成句子学生必须服从学校的纪律。Thestudentsmustsubmit_themselves_tothedisciplinesatschool.6．seek(sought，sought)vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图seeksth.fromsb.向某人请求/寻求某物seekafter/forsb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)seekone'sfortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seekout找出；寻出seektodosth.试图做某事seekadvice征求意见seekforamissingpen寻找丢失的钢笔seekaftertheideal追求理想[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Weareseekingto_attain(attain)themostadvancedtechnologylevelintheworld.②Whydomodernpeopleseekaftermaterialpossessions?③Thecouplehavesoughthelpformarriageguidancecounsellors.for→from[链接写作]——完成句子他早年到外国去闯天下。Inearlyyouthhewenttoseek_his_fortune_in_a_foreign_country.7．equipvt.装备，配备(1)equipsb./sth.todosth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物equipfor...为……做准备beequippedwith配备有……(表示状态)(2)equipmentn．装备；器材；装置wellequipped装备优良equipsb.forajob使某人具备做某项工作的条件equiptheworkshopwithmodernmachines用现代化机器来装备车间[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Theyareequippingthemselvesforajourney.②Pleaseequipyourselfwithapencilandarubberfortheexam.③Afirst-aidkitisanecessarypieceofequipment(equip)forpeoplewhentraveling.④Weprovide2-persontentsandbasiccookingandcampingequipments.equipments→equipment[链接写作]——完成句子为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable，thisnewkindofshoesis_equipped_withamicro-fan.8．declinevi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝n.下降；衰退(1)declinetodosth.婉拒做某事declinein/ofsth.在某方面减少/下降(2)onthedecline走下坡路；在衰退中fall/gointo(a)decline开始衰落，陷入衰退declineby10%减少了10%declinewiththanks婉言谢绝asharpdeclineinpopulation人口急剧下降[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Ididn'tknowwhytheboydeclinedto_answer(answer)aquestion.②Therehasbeenasharpdeclinein/ofprofitsthisyear.③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10percentlastmonth.④Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeeninthedeclinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.in→on[链接写作]——完成句子不过互联网并非是旅游指南走下坡路的唯一原因。ButtheInternetisnottheonlyreasonthatguidebooksare_in_decline.(declinen．)9．fortunen．财产；大笔钱；机会；运气(1)makeafortune发财bygood/badfortune幸运/不幸地havegood/badfortunetodo...有幸/不幸做……(2)befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.在……方面运气好tryone'sfortune碰运气seekone'sfortune外出寻找发财的机会[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Fortunately(fortune)therainstoppedbeforewestarted.②Youarefortunate_(fortune)tohavesuchareasonablefather.③CentralLondonisfortunateinhavesomanylargeparksandopenspaces.have→having[链接写作]——完成句子你不努力，机遇是不会来的。Ifyoudon'tworkhard，no_fortune_will_come.10．atanyrate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少atthis/thatrate照此情形；如此下去atthe/arateof以……的速度或比率；以……的价格atahighrate以高价ahighrateofunemployment高失业率[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Wemaymissthenextbus，butatanyratewe'llgethomeontime.②Atthis/thatrate，wewillsoonbebankrupt.③Ourmoneywasrunningoutinanalarmingrate.in→at[链接写作]——完成句子世界能源的需求量正以每年百分之三的速度递增。Worldenergydemandisincreasingat_a_rate_of_about_3%_per_year.(atarateof)11．wipeout彻底毁灭；全部摧毁wipeaway擦去；揩去；消除wipeoff擦掉；除掉wipeup擦干，擦掉(落下的某物或溅出的液体等)wipesth.down/wipedownsth.(用湿布)彻底擦干净[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thedirtonthefloorisnoteasytowipeaway.②Wouldyoupleasewipethedustoffthetable?[链接写作]——完成句子你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净，免得滑倒人。You'dbetterwipe_up_the_milkonthefloorbeforesomeoneslipsinit.(wipeup)12．atallcosts不惜代价地，无论如何(1)atthecost/expenseof...丧失，牺牲；以……为代价atacostof...以……的费用/价格atanycost以任何代价(2)costsb.sth.花某人……，使某人付出/丧失[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Don'tgiveintotheirdemandsatthecostofyourown.②Heboughtacomputeratacostof5,000yuan.③Thisisthelowestprice.Wearesellingatcostalready.④ItellyouingoodfaiththatIwanttogetthissetofstampsatanycosts.costs→cost[链接写作]——完成句子这项工作是如此重要，以至于我们必须不惜一切代价按时完成。Theworkissoimportantthatwe_must_finish_it_on_time_at_all_costs.13．(教材P34)_It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_testedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。[句法句式]forwinnerstobetested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式tobetested的逻辑主语，winners与test之间为被动关系，因此，使用不定式的被动形式。不定式的被动形式为“tobe＋过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。在下列结构中，虽为被动意义，却应使用主动结构：(1)在“主语＋be＋easy/difficult/interesting/heavy/nice/fit＋todosth.”结构中。(2)在find/make/feel/think/suppose/expect＋宾语＋宾补＋todosth.结构中。(3)在“疑问代词＋不定式”的结构中。[金句推送](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)...it'simpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.……当谈论流行时装时，不可能不谈及作为主要角色的中国。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Itwasimpossibleforlosttimeto_be_made(make)up.②Themaniseasyto_deal(deal)with.③Idon'tknowwhatto_do(do)．④Nowadaysit'simportantofusstudentstomasteraforeignlanguage.of→for[链接写作]——完成句子这个句子很容易翻译。Itisaneasysentenceto_translate.14．(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartrather_thanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。[句法句式]ratherthan为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即ratherthan前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。常用句型eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,wouldratherdosth.thandosth.))eq\a\vs4\al(宁愿做……而不愿做……)[名师点津]ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。[金句推送](2018·江苏卷)Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.当一个黑色的蛋糕而不是白色的放在黑色的盘子上，顾客认为更甜更美味可口。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Shepreferredto_stay(stay)athomeratherthangoshoppingwithhim.②Mary，ratherthanyou，is(be)toblamefornotfinishingtheworkontime.③neofthem，Iwouldsaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthanplain→complaining[链接写作]——一句多译我宁愿去打篮球也不愿去钓鱼。①Iprefer_to_play_basketball_rather_than_go_fishing.(prefertodo...ratherthando)②Iwould_play_basketball_rather_than_go_fishing.(woulddo...ratherthando)③Iwould_rather_play_basketball_than_go_fishing.(wouldratherdo...thando)多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．Fortunately(fortunate)，theweatherofthatwinterwasreasonablymild.2．Hedeclinedto_give(give)anyinformationonthePresidentialelection.3．Completedprojectsmustbe_submitted(submit)by10March.4．Nobodycantoleratebeing_cheated(cheat)，andthat'swhyhehasnofriend.5．Equipped(equip)withnewscientificfarmingmethods，theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Heboughtfameatthecostofhealthandhappiness.2．Onlyinthiswaycanwewipeouttheenemytroops.3．Itisnecessaryforustoexaminethepapersbeforehandingthemin.4．Wecan'tsubmittothefate.Instead，weshouldtakeapositiveattitudetothepresentsituation.5．Heboughtthesweateratacostof80yuan，anditwasarealbargain.维度3——查缺补漏1．Inmyopinion，weshouldhaveoureyesexamined(examine)onceayear.2．Sheinsistedthatshehadremainedfaithful(faith)toherhusband.3．Herebuilt(rebuild)theengineusingpartsfromcarsthathadbeenscrapped.4．Shesavedhimfrombeing_drowned(drown)，butonlyatthecostofherownlife.5．Look！Thestoreis_being_rebuilt(rebuild)．语篇练习——提升能力提能一单元话题语篇练根据教材课文P34内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Athleticperformanceshave1.continually(continue)improvedsincethefirstOlympicGames.However，improvements2.have_begun(begin)