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Financial --Instructor:BriefEthics&Ethics&ProfessionalSS2-tativeSS4-SS6-FinancialReportingSS10-SS13-EquitySS15- AlternativeBriefStudySession6:AnReading21:Reading22:FinancialReportingReading23:FinancialReportingStudySession7:FinancialStatementsandReading eReading25:UnderstandingBalanceReading26:UnderstandingCashFlowReading27: ysisBriefStudySession8:Inventories,Long-livedAssets, Taxes,andNon-currentLiabilitiesReading28:Reading29:Long-livedReading eReading31:Non-current(Long-term)StudySession9:FinancialReporting Reading32:FinancialReportingReading33:BriefBriefSession8:Reading28-Session7:Reading24-Session6:Reading21–Session9:Reading32–Brief 法转换的相应内容，要求考生的关注存货计量方BriefBrief BriefLifeisshort.Iftherewaseveramomenttofollowyourpassionanddosomethingthatmatterstoyou,thatmomentisnow.人生苦短，如果你有一个机会跟随自己的去做你认为Therolesoffinancialreportingandfinancialstatement ysis&keyfinancialstatementsDescribetherolesoffinancialreportingandfinancialstatement Describetherolesofthekeyfinancialinevaluatinga ’sperformanceandfinancialposition.Therolesoffinancialreporting DefinitionoffinancialreportingThewaycompaniesshowtheirfinancialtoinvestors,creditors,andotherinterestedObjectivesoffinancialstatementistoprovideinformationabout:FinancialFinancialChangesinfinancialpositionofanTheroleoffinancial Usingtheinformationin ’s withotherrelevantinformation,makeeconomickeyfinancialFinancialBalancesheet, estatement,Cashflowstatement,Statementofchangeinequity.Footnotes,MD&A,Pressrelease,conferenceAuditor’skeyfinancialBalancePresentsa ’scurrentfinancialpositionbydisclosingtheresourcesthe anditsobligationstotheothercreditors(Liabilities)ataspecificpointoftime.eReportsonthefinancialperformanceofthefirmoveraperiodoftime.keyfinancialCashflowReports ’scashreceiptsandoveraperiodofStatementofchangesinReportstheamountsandsourcesofchangesininvestors’investmentinthefirmoveraperiodofAssets=Liabilities+Owners’ObligationsoftheentitytooutsidepartieswhohaveEconomicresourceswhichownedbyabusinessandexpectedtobenefitfuture

ResidualvalueofafirmcalculatedasAssetsminusLiabilities,alsocallednetassets.e

“TheBottomRevenueRevenue–Expenses= Revenues:Inflowsfromafirm’sprimaryExpenses:Costofproducinggoodsandservicessoldovertheperiod.Gains/Losses:Increases/decreasesinequityorassetsfromperipheral alStatementof Statementof Reportsallchangesinequityexceptforshareholdertransactions.(eg:issuingstock,repurchasingstock) e=Net e+Other CashflowCashFlowDynamicCashflowfrom Cashflowfrom Cashflowfrom

Changeincash Beginning X EndingXStatementofchangesinStatementchangeinThestatementofchangeinequityreportsamountandsourcesofchangesinequityinvestmentinthefirmoveraperiodofThebasiccomponentsofowners’equityarepaid-incapitalandretainedearnings.RetainedProfitduringtheOwnerImportance:Therolesoffinancialreportingandfinancialstatementkeyfinancialstatements四张报表Exam Describetheimportanceoffinancialstatementnotesandsupplementaryinformation.Describetheobjectiveofauditsofstatements,thetypesofauditDisclosuresthatprovidefurtherdetailsabouttheinformationsummarizedinthefinancialstatementsInformationaboutaccountingmethods,assumptionsandestimate.Additionalinformationaboutbusinessacquisitionordisposal,legalactions,employeebenefitns(DB),Are Includingthenatureofbusiness,pastandfutureoutlook.(partofcommentarymaybeProvidingassessmentofthefinancialfrom ofitsDiscussionoftrendsinsalesandCapitalresourceandliquidity,withadiscussiontrendsincashBusinessoverviewbasedonknownMaterialeventsandAudit&InternalAnindependentreviewofanentity’sfinancialstatements.(objective,fairnessandreliability)Mustprovideopinion ’sinternalunderU.S.Audit&InternalStandardauditor’sopinion(reasonableUnqualifiedopinion(cleanopinion): omissionsanderrors.Qualifiedopinion:IfstatementsmakeanyexceptionstoaccountingAdverseopinion:Ifstatementsarenotpresented erofopinion:unabletoexpressandOtherrelevantQuarterlyorsemiannualThemostupdatedinformationonthemajorfinancialstatementandfootnotes.SECForm8-AcquisitionsanddisposalsofmajorChangesinitsChangesin Form10-Annualfinancialstatements.Form10-Quarterlyfinancialstatements.(NotOtherrelevantIssuedtoshareholderswhentherearemattersrequireashareholderProvidinginformationaboutboardmembers,managementcompensationandissuanceofstockCorporatereportsandpressPublicOthernecessaryInformationoneconomiccondition,industryand ysisPurposeandContext CollectConclusions ysisImportance:FinancialstatementnotesandsupplementaryTheobjectiveofauditsoffinancialstatements,thetypesofauditreportsandothersourcesofinformation.Exam了解SECFilingsDescriberelationshipoffinancialstatementelementsandaccounts. intheaccountingequationinitsbasicexpandedAccountsarethespecificrecordswithineachelementwherevarioustransactionsareentered.Eg:“Inventory”,“AccountContraaccountsareusedforentriesthatoffsetsomepartofthevalueofanotheraccount.ClassifyingaccountsintothefinancialstatementAssets,Liability,Owners’equity,Revenue,Assetsarethefirm’seconomicCashandcashLiquidsecuritieswith90daysorAccountAllowanceforbaddebtexpenseasacontraFinancialSuchasmarketablePrepaidExpenseon eAssetsarethefirm’seconomic nt,andequipment.IncludesacontraaccountforaccumulatedInvestmentinaffiliates(EquityDeferredtaxIntangiblePatents,trademarks,licenses,andReducedby“accumulativeamortization”exceptLiabilitiesarecreditorclaimson ’sAccountFinancialSuchasshort-termnotesUnearnedItemsthatwillshowupon estatementasetaxTaxesaccruedduringthepastyearbutnotyetLong-termSuchasbondsDeferredtaxOwners’equityistheowners’residualclaimonafirm’sresources,whichistheamountbywhichassetsexceedliabilities.ParvalueofcommonAdditionalpaid-inProceedsfromcommonstocksalesinexcessofparRetainedCumulative ethathasnotbeendistributedasTotheNextOwners’equityistheowners’residualclaimonafirm’sresources,whichistheamountbywhichassetsexceedliabilities.Other Changesresultingfromforeigncurrencytranslation,minimumpensionliabilityadjustment,unrealizedgainsandlossesfromcashflowhedgingderivatives,orunrealizedgainandlossesfromavailable-for-salesecurities.ExpensesareoutflowsofeconomicCostofgoodssoldSelling,general,andadministrativeexpensesIncludingsuchexpensesasadvertising,managementsalaries,rent,andutilities.DepreciationandToreflectthe“usingup”oftangibleandintangibleInterestDecreasesinassetsfrom altotheGainsareinflowsofeconomicIncreasesinassetsfrom altoAsset=liability+ eAsset+Expense=Capital+Revenue+DifferencebetweenassetandexpenseiswhetheritprovidesfutureThebasicaccountingAssets=liabilities+owners’TheExpandedaccountingOwners’equity=Contributedcapital+RetainedAssets=Liabilities+Contributedcapital+EndingretainedEndingretainedearnings=Beginningretainedearnings e– e=Revenue–Assets=Liabilities+Contributedcapital+Beginningretained+Revenue–Expense-Importance:Financialstatementelementsandaccounts,andclassifyaccountsintothefinancialstatementelements.AccountingequationinitsbasicandexpandedExam会计恒等式以及其扩展形式。（常考计算题AccrualDescribetheprocessofrecordingbusinesstransactionsusinganaccountingsystembasedontheaccountingDescribetheneedforaccrualsandotherinpreparingfinancialDouble–entryDouble-entryEachtransactionwillaffectatleasttwoaccountstoletbalancesheetbalanceForexample:Purchaseequipmentfor20,000EquipmentincreaseCashdecreaseOneassetaccountincreaseandanotherassetaccountdecrease.AccrualTimingCompaniesrecognizerevenueintheaccountingperiodinwhichitisearnednotthecashreceived.Inaserviceenterprise,revenueisconsideredtoearnedatthetimetheserviceis

ServiceAccrualRecordtherevenuebeforethecashAccruedReceivethecashbeforerecordtheRecordtheexpensebeforethecashAccruedPaythecashbeforerecordtheAccrualNorevenueAAnNoexpenseAnAe...

BalanceJournalJournalGeneralGeneralGeneralInitialTrialInitialTrialFinancialImportance:AccrualsandotheradjustmentsinpreparingfinancialRelationshipsamongthefinancialTheflowofinformationinanaccountingExam了解财务报表之间的联系。（主要是利润表和资产负债表&SECDescribetheobjectiveandimportanceoffinancialreportingstandards.Describestandard-settingbodiesandandSECDescribeglobalconvergenceofaccountingstandardsObjectiveandimportanceoffinancialreportingObjectiveoffinancialTheobjectiveoffinancialstatementsistoprovideinformationaboutthefinancialposition,performanceandchangeinfinancialpositionofanentity;thisinformationshouldbeusefultoawiderangeofusersforthepurposeofmakingeconomicFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardSetsU.S.InternationalAccountingStandardsBoardSetsernmentagencieshavethe mentpower(IASBanddon’tTheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)intheTheFinancialServiceAuthority(FSA)intheMostnational belongtotheInternationalOrganizationofSecuritiesCommissions(IOSCO).ProtectEnsurethefairness,efficiency,andtransparencyofReducesystemicrisk.(GlobalizationofsecuritiesSECfilingsFormS-RegistrationstatementfiledpriortosaleofnewForm10-AnnualfinancialForm10-QuarterlyfinancialFormDEF-Barriersto onuniversallyacceptedsetofDifferentstandardsettingbodiesandtheregulatorymaydisagreeonparticularitemorissue.Businessgroupswillbeaffectedbychangesinreportingstandards.Importance:TheobjectiveoffinancialreportingStandard-settingbodiesand Thestatusofglobalconvergenceofaccountingstandardsandongoingbarrierstodevelo oneuniversallyacceptedsetoffinancialreportingstandards.Exam DescribetheIASBconceptualDescribeIASBgeneralrequirementsforfinancialDescribeIASBgeneralfeaturesforpreparingFrameworkofTheIASBframeworkFundamentalFundamentalFaithful

UnderlyingAccrualEnhancementEnhancementCapitalPastcashflowsQualitativeCharacteristics:twofundamentalInformationisrelevantifitwouldpotentiallyaffectormakeadifferenceinuser’sdecisions.Ifomissionormisstatementofinformationcouldinfluencedecisions,itisconsideredFaithfulInformationthatisfaithfullyrepresentativeiscomplete(allinformationnecessaryisdepicted),neutral(withoutbias), fromerror.FourcharacteristicsthatenhancerelevanceandfaithfulFinancialstatementpresentationshouldbeamongfirmsandacrosstimeIndependentobservers,usingthesamemethods,obtainsimilarresults.Fourcharacteristicsthatenhancerelevanceandfaithfulrepresentation:(cont.)Informationisavailabletodecisionmakersbeforetheinformationisstale.Canunderstandtheinformationthestatementswithabasicaccountingknowledge.Balance CashflowStatementofchangesinowners’PrinciplesforpreparingfinancialGoingconcernAssumethefirmwillcontinuetoexistunlessitsmanagementintendsto(ormust)liquidateit.AccrualbasisofAccrualbasisofaccountingisusedtopreparethefinancialstatementsotherthanthestatementofcashFairFaithfullyrepresentingtheeffectsoftheentity'stransactionsandeventsaccordingtothestandardsforrecognizingassets,liabilities,revenues,andexpense.Consistencybetweenperiodsinhowitemsarepresentedandclassified,withprior-periodamountsdisclosedforcomparison.Financialstatementsshouldbe ofmisstatementsoromissionsthatcouldinfluencethedecisionsofusersoffinancialComparativeComparativeinformationforpriorperiodsshouldbeAggregationofsimilaritemsandseparationofdissimilarNoNooffsettingofassetsagainstliabilitiesor expensesunlessaspecificstandardpermitsorrequiresit.ReportingReportingfrequencymustbeatleastThestructureandcontentoffinancialClassifiedbalanceAclassifiedbalancesheetshowingcurrentandnon-currentassetsandliabilities.MinimumMinimuminformationisrequiredonthefaceofeachfinancialstatementandinthenotes.ComparativeComparativeinformationforpriorperiodsshouldbeFulldisclosureandfairpresentationcreateAneffectivefinancialreportingframeworkisbasedonprinciplesthatareuniversalenoughtoprovideguidanceforrecordingbothexistingandnewlydevelopedtransactions.Similartransactionsshouldbeaccountedforinasimilarmannerregardlessofindustry size,geographyorothercharacteristics.BarrierstoaSingleHistoricFair

minimalconsiderable

BothIASBandFASBrecognizethatsomeelementsshouldbemeasuredatfairvalue.StandardPrinciples–Rules–Objectives–

BarrierstoaSingle effectontheother.Importance:framework,includingtheobjectiveandqualitativecharacteristicsoffinancialstatements.GeneralrequirementsforfinancialstatementsunderExam了解国际准则框架的内容（质量特性，两个假设）了解国际准则框架唯一性 （估值标准，准则设立）eStatementFormatandDescribethecomponentsofthe estatementandalternativeformatsofthatstatement.DescribegeneralprinciplesofrevenuerecognitionaccrualDistinguishbetweentheoperatingandnon-operatingcomponentsofthe estatement.eStatementFormatand e=revenues-ordinaryexpenses+ -otherexpense+gains–Revenuesaretheamountsreportedfromthesaleofgoodsandservicesinthenormalcourseofbusiness.Revenuelessadjustmentsforestimatedreturnsandallowancesisknownasnetrevenue.Expensesaretheamountsincurredtogeneraterevenueandincludecostofgoodssold,operatingexpenses,interest,andtaxes.ExpensesaregroupedtogetherbytheirnatureorExpensesgroupedbynatureorByPresentingalldepreciationexpensefrommanufacturingandadministrationtogetherinonelineofthe estatement.ByCombiningallcostsassociatedwithmanufacturing(rawmaterials,depreciation,labor,etc.)asacostofgoodssold.Multi-stepI/SVSSingle-stepMulti-StepMulti-StepCostofGoodSoldGrossInterestEarningBeforeeSingle-StepI/SMarketingInterestTotal eStatementFormatandeeNet-CostofGoodSoldGross- -OtherGainorLoss(NonOperatingItem)-InterestEarningBeforeeStatementEarningBefore-Tax (Continuing efromDisOperation(NetofTax)-ExtraordinaryItems(NetofTax) eStatementFormatandUnusualorinfrequentitems(nonrecurringReported“abovetheline”andpresentedonapretaxG/Lfromthesaleofassetsorpartofa Impairments,write-offs,write-downs,andrestructuringExtraordinaryitems(USGAAPonly,presentedonnetofLossfromexpropriationofGainsorlossesfromearlyretirementofUninsuredlossesfromnatural operations(presentedonnetofNext PhaseoutMeasurementMeasurement

ActualdisposalThedatewhenthe developsaformal nfordisposingofanoperation.ActualdisposalThedatewhen actuallyfinishtheLossorgainon AnylossorgainduringthephaseoutperiodshouldberecognizedbelowtheLineAnylossorgainonthesaleofthebusinessshouldrecognizedabovetheAccrualaccounting&RevenueAccrualmethodofRevenueisrecognizedwhenearnedandexpensesarerecognizedwhenincurred.AccrualaccountingdoesnotnecessarilycoincidethereceiptorpaymentofAccrualaccounting&RevenueAccordingtoForsaleofgoods,revenueisrecognizedTheriskandrewardofownershipisThereisnocontinuingcontrolormanagementoverthegoodsRevenuecanbereliablyThereisaprobableflowofeconomicThecostcanbereliablyForservicesrendered,revenueisrecognizedTheamountofrevenuecanbereliablyThereisaprobableflowofeconomicThestageofcompletioncanbeThecostincurredandcostofcompletioncanbereliablyAccrualaccounting&RevenueAccordingtoRevenueisrecognizedintheI/SwhenrealizedorrealizableAccordingtoThereisevidenceofanarrangementbetweenthebuyerandTheproducthasbeendeliveredortheservicehasbeenThepriceisdeterminedorThesellerisreasonablysureofcollectingImportance:Componentsofthe estatementandalternativepresentationformatsofthatstatement.GeneralprinciplesofrevenuerecognitionandaccrualExam了解三个non-recurringitems了解收入确认的原则。DescribegeneralprinciplesofrevenuerecognitionforlongtermcontractinbothU.S.GAAPandIFRS.LongtermPercentageofcompletionUsedforlong-termprojectswhenthereisacontractandtherearereliableestimatesoftherevenues,costsandcompletiontime.Anengineeringestimateor TheratioofincurredcoststothetotalestimatedCompletedcontractUsedforlong-termprojectswhenthereisnocontractestimateofrevenues/costsareThereisevidenceofanarrangementbetweenthebuyerandseller.RevenuerecognitionbetweenIFRS&LongtermIfthe eofalong-termcontractcanbereliablyestimatedthepercentage pletionmethodisusedunderbothIFRSandU.S.GAAP.Ifthefirmcannotreliablymeasure eoftheGAAP:Usingcompleted-contractIFRS:Revenueisrecognizedtotheextentofcontractcosts,costsareexpensed.Profitisrecognizedonlyatcompletion.Ifalossisexpected,thelossmustberecognized underIFRSandU.S.POCPOC&CCmethod(USAssumethatABChasacontracttobuildshipfor$1,000andareliableestimateofthecontract’stotalcost$800.ProjectcostsincurredbyABCareasDetermineABC’snet efromthisprojectforeachyearusingthepercentage–of–completionandcompletedcontractPOC&CC(US- ---- --POCvs.ImpactonfinancialCash InstallmentsalesUsedwhennowaytoestimatethelikelihoodofcollectingtheproceedsbutcostsofthegoodsandservicescanbereliablemeasured.CostrecoveryUsedwhencostsofgoodsandservicescannotbereliablemeasuredanduncertaintiesofcollectionproceeds.RevenuerecognitionbetweenIFRS&Ifthe eoftheprojectcannotbereliablyestimated,revenuerecognitionunderIFRSissimilartothecostrecoveryUnderIFRS,thediscountedpresentvalueoftheinstallmentpaymentsisrecognizedatthetimeofsale.Thedifferencebetweentheinstallmentpaymentsandthediscountedpresentvalueisrecognizedasinterestovertime.InstallmentInstallment&Costrecoverymethod(USAssumethatABCsellsapieceofland$1,000.Theoriginalcostofthelandwas$800.CollectionsreceivedbyABCforthesaleareasfollows:DetermineABC’sprofitundertheinstallmentandcostrecoverymethods.Installment&Costrecovery(US Costrecovery --Installmentvs.CostImpactonfinancialCash

assets,revenueanddecreaseliabilitiesandImportance:Accountingforlong-termcontracts,installmentExam BarterTransaction，grossornetreportingofrevenueandimplicationsfor Describetherulesofbartertransactions,grossandnetreportingofrevenue.Describegeneralprinciplesofexpenserecognitionimplicationsofexpenserecognitionchoicesfor BarterBartertransactionmeanstwopartiesexchangegoodsorserviceswithoutcashpayment.Round-triptransactionmeansthesaleofgoodstopartywiththesimultaneouspurchaseofalmostidenticalgoodsfromthesameparty.BartertransactionunderGAAP&UnderU.S.Abartertransactioncanberecognizedatfairvalueonlyifthefirmhashistoricallyreceivedcashpaymentsforsuchgoodsandservicesandcanusethishistoricalexperiencetodeterminefairvalue.UnderRevenuefrombartertransactionsmustbebasedonthefairvalueofrevenuefromsimilarnonbartertransactionswithunrelatedparties.Grossvs.NetreportingofGrossandNetReportingofUndergrossrevenuereporting,thesellingfirmreportssalesrevenueandcostofgoodssoldsepara Undernetrevenuereporting,onlythedifferenceinandcostisGrossreportingwillreportahigherrevenueandsameprofitGrossvs.NetreportingofAccordingtoU.S.GAAPThefirmreportsgrossrevenueBetheprimaryobligorundertheBeartheinventoryriskandcreditBeabletochoose HavereasonablelatitudetoestablishtheExample:Theticketpriceis$10,000,andthetravelagentreceives$1,000Usinggrossreporting,thetravelagentwouldreport$10,000ofrevenue,$9,000ofexpense,and$1,000ofprofit.Usingnetreporting,thetravelagentwouldsimplyreport$1,000ofrevenueandnoexpense.Accrualbasis(MatchingMatchcostsagainsttheassociatedrevenues PeriodExpenditureslessdirectlymatchingthetimingsofrevenuesEg:AdminEstimatesandEstimatesandintheseexpenseDepreciation&DoubtfuldebtChangesinaccountingChangeinaccountingRequiresretrospective(Eg:LIFOtoFIFO,costbasistofairChangeinaccountingShouldbeappliedprospectivelyanddisclosedinfootnotes(Eg:Changeintheestimatedusefullifeofadepreciationasset).Prior-periodRequiresrestatementofpriorperiodfinancialstatementsifincorrectaccountingImportance:Accountingforbartertransactions,grossandnetreportingofImplicationsofexpenserecognitionchoicesfor financialreportingtreatmentand ysisofchangesinaccountingExam BasicEPS&DilutiveDescribehowearningspershareisDistinguishbetweendilutiveandantidilutivesecurities,anddescribetheimplicationsofeachfortheearningspersharecalculation.EarningsperEPSisthemostcommonlyusedcorporateprofitabilityperformancemeasuresforpublicly-tradedfirms.BasicDilutiveAsimplecapitalstructurecontainsnopotentiallydilutiveFirmreportsonlybasicAcomplexcapitalstructurecontainspotentiallydilutiveFirmmustreportbothbasicanddilutiveBasic

WeightedaveragenumberofcommonshareNewissue,repurchaseisweightedbytime(daysorStockdividend/splitisnotweightedbytime,insteaditshouldadjustthenumberofcommonsharewhichexistbeforethestockdividendorsplit.(Eg:3-for-2split:twosharessplittothreeDilutivevs.AntidilutiveDilutivesecuritiesdecreaseEPSifexercisedorconvertedtonewcommonstockStockAnti-dilutivesecuritiesincreaseEPSifexercisedorconvertedtonewcommonstock(NotreportAnti-dilutiveEPS)DilutedIncludeonlyifsecurityisdilutiveIncludeonlyifsecurityisdilutiveEPSwithWarrants/StockTreasurystockmethodforoptionsandFundsreceivedfromtheexerciseoftheoptionswouldbeusedtohypotheticallyrepurchasesharesinthemarketattheaveragemarketprice.Thenetincreaseinthenumberofshares:ExercisingtheoptionslessthenumberofshareshypotheticallyCheckingforOnlythosesecuritiesthatwouldreduceEPSbelowbasicEPSifconvertedareusedinthecalculationofdilutedEPS.Conv.pfd:isdividends/newshares<Conv.debt:isinterest(1–t)/newshares<Optionsandwarrants:isavg.price>ex.Iftheanswerisyes,thesecurityisCalculationofbasicEPSanddilutiveKnowaboutdilutiveandantidilutivesecurities,anddescribetheimplicationsofeachfortheearningspersharecalculation.Exam 。Commonsize estatementand estatementstocommon-size Describe,calculate,andinterpret eExpresses estatementitemasapercentageofUsed yzechangesincoststructureandIndustry RetainedThenet eofthefirmisaddedtostockholders'equitythroughanaccountknownasretainedearnings.Anytransactionthataffects estatement e)alsoaffectstockholders'Other ForeigncurrencytranslationgainsandAdjustmentsforminimumpensionliability. UnrealizedgainsandlossesfromcashflowhedgingUnrealizedgainsandlossesfromavailable-for-saleValuationSurplusforlong-livedasset(IFRS eeGain/LossinforeigncurrencyAdjustmentforminimumpensionUnrealizedgain/lossfromcashflowhedgingUnrealizedgain/lossfromavailableforsaleeEvaluatea ’sfinancialperformanceusing estatementsandfinancialratiosbasedonthe estatement.Calculate,andinterpret Exam考查commonsize利润表的构成形式。（基于计算综合收益。（对于OCI科目 和辨析是关键。ComponentsofBalanceSheetandDescribetheelementsofthebalancesheet:assets,liabilities,andequity.Distinguishbetweencurrentandnon-currentandcurrentandnon-currentComponentsofbalanceProvideprobablefutureeconomicbenefitscontrolledbyentityasaresultofpreviousCurrentandNoncurrentassets(LongtermObligationsowedbyanentityfromprevioustransactionsareexpectedtoresultinanoutflowofeconomicbenefitsinthefuture.CurrentandNoncurrentliabilities(LongtermResidualinterestinassetsthatremainsaftersubtractingBalanceSheet-Abalancesheetcanbeusedtoassessafirm'sliquidity,solvency,andabilitytomakedistributionstoshareholders.Fromthefirm's ,liquidityistheabilitytomeetshort-termobligations.Solvencyistheabilitytomeetlong-termBalanceAccountX EquityXTotalEquity&XReportformat(ClassifiedbalanceNon-currentXCurrentXXNon-currentXCurrentXXTotalliabilitiesandXBalanceSheetformatandCurrentCashandPrepaidShort–termOthercurrentNon–current ntandIntangibleLong–termDeferredtaxPension

PresentedinorderofBalanceSheetformatandCurrentBankAccountAccruedUnearnedCurrentportionoflongtermCurrenttaxNon–currentNotesBondsCapitalleasePensionDeferredtaxBalanceSheetformatandCommonAdditionalpaid-in-CapitalinexcessofTreasurystock(Novotingright,noStockrepurchasedbythefirmbutnotyetRetainedearnings e-Other ForeigncurrencytranslationgainandAdjustmentsforminimumpensionUnrealizedgainandlossfromcashflowhedgingUnrealizedgainandlossfromavailable-for-saleMinorityElementsofthebalancesheet:assets,liabilities,andClassifiedBalanceExam了解构成资产负债表的会计元素。（辨析短期还是长期FinancialAssetsandCommonSizeBalanceDescribedifferenttypesofassetsandliabilitiesandthemeasurementbasesofeach.DescribedifferenttypesoffinancialDescribecommonsizeBalanceHistoricalTheamountoriginallypaidfortheAmortizedHistoricalcostadjustedfordepreciation,amortization,andimpairment.CurrentTheamountthefirmwouldhavetopaytodayforthesameasset.RealizableTheamountforwhichthefirmcouldsellthePresentThediscountedvalueoftheasset'sexpectedfuturecashFairTheamountatwhichtwopartiesinanarm‘s-lengthtransactionwouldexchangetheasset.（Willingness,Knowledgeable,Unrelated)UnrealizedG/L:not eFair e eFairUnrealizedG/L:reportedinequity ePurchasea6%bondatpar,for1000atthebeginningoftheyear.Interestratehaverecentlyincreaseandthemarketvaluedeclinedto950.Determinethebond’seffectundereachclassificationofB/S:FinancialAsset1000I/S:Interest e60B/S:FinancialAssetI/S: e60andUnrealizedLossB/S:FinancialAsset950andOCI（Equity） eCommonsizeIteminthebalancesheetaccount/total$CommonCurrentNon-current0Liability&$CommonCurrentNon-currentTotalEquity&0MeasurementbaseofB/SandfinancialCommonSizeBalanceExam金融资产记账方法（考查重点CommonSizeCashFlowClassificationunderGAAPandComparecashflowsfromoperating,investing,andfinancingactivitiesandclassifycashflowitems.ContrastcashflowstatementspreparedunderandCashflowInformationabout 'scashreceiptsandcashduringanaccountingItemsonthecashflowstatementcomefromtwoestatementChangesinbalancesheetOperatingcash+Investingcash+Financingcash=Changeincashbalanceforthecurrent+Beginningcash=EndingcashCashflowCashflowfromoperatingactivitiesConsistsoftheinflowsandoutflowsofcashresultingfromtransactionsthataffectafirm'snet CashflowfrominvestingactivitiesConsistsoftheinflowsandoutflowsofcashresultingfromtheacquisitionordisposaloflong-termassetsandcertainCashflowfromfinancingactivitiesConsistsoftheinflowsandoutflowsofcashresultingfromtransactionsaffectingafirm'scapitalstructure.CashflowU.S.GAAPCashFlowCashflowsfromoperatingCashflowsresultingfrommajorbusinessofCashcollectedfromCashpaidtoemployeesSaleproceedsfromtradingAcquisitionoftradingInterestInterestDividendCashpaidforotherCashflowU.S.GAAPCashFlowCashflowsfrominvestingCashflowsresultingfromacquisitionanddisposaloflongtermassetandSaleproceedsfromfixedAcquisitionoffixedSaleproceedsfromdebt&equityinvestmentAcquisitionofdebt&equityPrinciplereceivedfromloansmadetoothersLoansmadetoCashflowU.S.GAAPCashFlowCashflowsfromfinancingCashflowsresultingfromtransactionsthataffectfirm’scapitalPrincipleamountsofdebtPrinciplepaidonProceedsformissuingPaymenttoreacquireDividendspaidtoUSGAAPvs.U.S.CFOorCFOorCFOorDividendsCFOorCFO,CFIorBankCashInflowsandoutflowsofCFO,CFIandCashflowstatementspreparedunderInternationalFinancialReportingStandards(IFRS)andUSgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(USGAAP).Exam Direct&IndirectMethodforCalculatingDistinguishbetweenthedirectandindirectmethodsofpresentingcashfromoperatingactivities.DescribethestepsinthepreparationofdirectindirectcashflowDirectvs.IndirectDirectvs.indirectmethodrefersonlytothecalculationofCFO,thevalueofCFOisthesameforbothmethods;CFIandCFFareDirectmethod:beginatthetopofthe estatementandidentifycashinflowsandoutflows.Indirectmethod:beginatthebottomofthe withnet eandmakenecessaryadjustments.USGAAPandIFRS:Encouragedirectmethod,butpermitsIndirectmethod.CalculationtheCashBasicCashinflow CashoutflowAssetLiabilityEquityCashLiabilityEquityNonCashCashispositivelyrelatedtotheLiabilityandEquityCashisnegativelyrelatedtotheNon-cashAsset(Eg：InventoryA/R)Calc