-新教材高中英语UNIT6SurvivalSectionⅢDevelopingideas学案外研版选择性必修第二册

PAGEPAGE11Developingideaseq\a\vs4\al([原文呈现])PlanB：LifeonMars①？Inthe1960sand1970s,thegreatestfearwas[1]thatthehumanrace,andpossiblyalladvanced②lifeformsontheplanet,couldbewiped③outbynuclear④missiles,justatthepushofabutton⑤.Today,however,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatestrisktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwithformsofrenewableenergy⑥.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst：whatcanwedoiftheterrifying⑦scenesinfilmssuchasTheDayAfterTomorrowhappeninreallife?WhatisourPlanBforEarth?[1]that引导表语从句。Oneoptionis[2]toexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,[3]whichisrelatively⑧closetoEarthandhasanenvironmentlesshostile⑨thanthatofotherplanets.Marshasfascinated⑩peoplesinceancienttimes,andtodayourinterestinMartianexplorationisgreaterthaneverbefore.FilmssuchasTheMartianenjoyworldwidepopularity.Moregovernmentsandorganisationsaremakingefforts⑪toeducatethepublicontheRedPlanet,forexample,theMarsDesertResearchStationintheUtahdesertoftheUSandtheMarsVillageinNorth­westChina'sQinghaiProvince.[2]动词不定式短语toexploreotherplanets作表语；动词不定式短语toseeifwecouldliveonthem作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Mars。Sincethe1960s,wehavebeensendingunmanned⑫spacecraft⑬toMars.Ourprobeshaveorbited⑭theplanet,[4]sendingbackvaluabledataandstunning⑮images.OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,[5]testingthesoilandsearchingfor⑯resources,waterandsigns⑰oflife.[6]Encouragedbydiscoveriesovertheyears,spaceagencies⑱ofvariouscountriesareplanningmannedmissionstoMars[7]thatcouldtakeplacewithinthenext25years.[4]现在分词短语作状语。[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语。[6]过去分词短语作原因状语。[7]that引导定语从句，修饰名词missions。Thereisnodoubt[8]thathumankindisdrawn⑲towardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.However,sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskill,courageandintelligenceofthehumanrace.[9]WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,[10]travellingthroughdangeroussolarradiation⑳.[11]AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarth—ever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphereeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))2experiment,notimpossible.Asearlyasthe1980s,scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.Itconsistedeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ofaclosedspace[12]inwhichpeople,animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.The“closed”conceptmeantthatthespacewasdesignedtofunctioneq\o(○,\s\up1(23))withitsownoxygen,foodandwater,needingnothingfromtheoutsideworld.Althoughthetwo­yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently,scientistshavesucceededingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartoeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))thatonMars.Thatdefinitelyisabigstepforward.[8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。[9]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。[10]现在分词短语作伴随状语。[11]evenif引导让步状语从句，evenif意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。[12]inwhich引导定语从句，修饰名词space。Fornow,humansettlementeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))ofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Inthemeantimeeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))，scientificresearchshowsthattheplanetEarthisgettingwarmer.Thischangeisbeingcausedbyhumanactivityandishavingaterribleeffectoneq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thebiosphere.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,weneedtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Rightnow,it'stheonlyonewehave！eq\a\vs4\al([读文清障])①Marsn．火星②advancedadj.高级的；先进的③wipev．擦，拭，揩wipeout彻底摧毁，消灭④nuclearadj.核武器的nuclearmissile核导弹⑤atthepushofabutton按一下按钮⑥renewableenergy可再生能源⑦terrifyingadj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的⑧relativelyadv.相对地⑨hostileadj.(生长环境)恶劣的⑩fascinatev．深深吸引，迷住⑪makingefforts努力⑫unmannedadj.无人驾驶(操纵)的⑬spacecraftn．航天器，宇宙飞船⑭orbitv．环绕……运行⑮stunningadj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的⑯searchfor搜索，搜寻⑰signn．迹象，征兆⑱agencyn．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处⑲drawv．吸引，使感兴趣⑳solarradiation太阳辐射eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))biospheren．生物圈eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))consistv．由……组成consistof由……构成，由……组成eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))functionv．起作用，正常工作，运转eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))besimilarto与……类似eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))settlementn．移民；殖民；开拓eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))inthemeantime在此期间，与此同时eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))haveaneffecton对……有影响[参考译文]B计划：在火星上生活？在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是什么？一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圏2号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。到目前为止，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生存的星球！StepOne：Pre­readingWhatdoyouknowabouttheMars?Discussingroupsandwritetheinformationyouknow.Marsisthesecondsmallestplanetinthesolarsystem.ItssurfaceiscoveredwithrocksandtheaveragetemperatureonMarsis－63℃.StepTwo：While­readingⅠ.ReadforthemainideaReadthepassagequicklyandchoosethebestanswer.Thetextmainlytellsusthat.A．humanssavedMarsB．humansreachedMarsC．humanshavesettledonMarsD．humansaretryingtoexploreMars答案：DⅡ.ReadfordetailsReadthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.1．Inthe1960sand1970s，whatwasthegreatestfear?A．Nuclearmissiles.B．Alladvancedlifeforms.C．Humanracethemselves.D．Environmentalproblems.2．WhyisMarssoattractivetoscientists?A．Ithasfascinatedhumansrecently.B．Ithasamorehostileenvironment.C．It'srelativelyclosetotheearth.D．Becauseofsomefilms.3．Humanrobotshavedonesometasksexcept.A．searchingforwaterB．orbitingtheplanetC．testingthesoilontheMarsD．exploringtheMartiansurface4．HowlongwouldittaketoreachMars?A．Afewdays. B．Afewweeks.C．Afewmonths. D．Afewyears.5．Rightnow,whatshouldwehumansdotolivesafely?A．Toprotectourearth.B．Totakecareofourselves.C．Tomovetoanotherplanet.D．Tocontinueourhumanactivity.答案：1～5ACBCAStepThree：Post­reading阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Today,environmentalproblemshavebecomethe1.greatest(great)risktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,buttheyarealsopreparing2.fortheworst.Oneoptionis3.toexplore(explore)otherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichis4.relatively(relative)closetoEarthandhasanenvironmentlesshostilethanthatofotherplanets.Mars5.hasfascinated(fascinate)peoplesinceancienttimes,andtodayourinterestinMartianexplorationisgreaterthaneverbefore.Since6.the1960s,wehavebeensendingunmannedspacecrafttoMars.7．Encouraged(encourage)bydiscoveriesovertheyears,spaceagenciesofvariouscountriesareplanningmannedmissionstoMarsthatcouldtakeplacewithinthenext25years.Thereisnodoubt8.thathumankindisdrawntowardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.However,9.sending(send)peopletherewillrequirealltheskill,elligence(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.Fornow,humansettlementofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,weneedtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Ⅰ.重点单词1．eliminatepoverty消除贫困2．abravefirefighter一名勇敢的消防员3．orbitthesun围绕太阳运行4．energyconsumption能源消耗5．solidfuel固体燃料6．nuclearweapons核武器7．stayindoors待在室内8．inferfromhiswords从他的话中推断9．amonthlymeeting每月一次的会议10．anunmannedspacecraft一艘无人驾驶的宇宙飞船11．Heisoptimisticaboutlifeandallofusareimpressedbyhisoptimism.(optimist)12．Hereactedbadlyagainsttheboss'decision,whosereactionwasalsoreactinguponhiscolleagues.(react)13．Theywereterrifiedattheterrifyingnewsthatallthepassengersonthebuswerekilled.(terrify)14．Determinedtolearntheadvancedtechnologyabroad,hehasmadeadvancepreparationsandappliedforapassportinadvance.Hebelieveshewillmakegreatadvancesinthisfieldandbefarinadvanceofhisclassmates.(advance)eq\a\vs4\al([掌握规律巧记单词])以un开头的形容词集锦①uncertain 不确定的②unstable 不稳定的③unwilling 不愿意的④unsuitable 不合适的⑤unkind 不友善的⑥unreasonable 不合理的，荒唐的Ⅱ.重点短语1．Ittookthefirefightersfourhourstobringthefireundercontrol(使火势处于控制之下)．2．Histeachingstyleissimilarto(与……类似)thatofmostotherteachers.3．Itisdifficulttogetridof(摆脱)deep­rootedhabits.4．Theelectronicmachinesallowyoutopayatthepushofabutton(按一下按钮)．5．Thecommitteeconsistsof(由……组成)sixmembers,fourofwhomarefemale.6．Newroadsarebeingbuilttocopewith(应付)theincreasedvolumeoftraffic.7．Anuclearweaponmaywipeout(彻底摧毁)thewholecountry.8．Thecountrywasurgentlycallingforpeacewhileinthemeantime(与此同时)secretlydoingnucleartests.Ⅲ.典型句式1．[教材原句]Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.[句式分析]动词不定式短语作表语[佳句仿写]Hersoleobjectinlifeistobecomeatravelwriter.她人生的唯一目标就是成为一名游记作家。2．[教材原句]ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarthandhasanenvironmentlesshostilethanthatofotherplanets.[句式分析]替代词[佳句仿写]Adog'sintelligenceismuchgreaterthanthatofacat.狗的智慧比猫的高得多。3．[教材原句]ThereisnodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.[句式分析]Thereisnodoubtthat...[佳句仿写]Thereisnodoubtthathermarriageisbeyondrepair.毫无疑问，她的婚姻无法挽救。1．advancedadj.高级的；先进的(教材P68)Inthe1960sand1970s,thegreatestfearwasthatthehumanrace,andpossiblyalladvancedlifeformsontheplanet,couldbewipedoutbynuclearmissiles,justatthepushofabutton.在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。advancen． 进步，进展v. 前进；促进adj. 预先的，在前的makeanadvance/advancesin 在某方面有进步/发展inadvance(＝aheadoftime) 提前inadvanceof 在……之前；比……进步(经典佳句)Ourstruggleandlaboristoconstantlyputtheadvancedidealsintorealities.我们的斗争和劳动就是为了不断地把先进的理想变为现实。[练透]单句语法填空①Weshouldapplyadvanced(advance)experienceaccordingtolocalconditionsandshouldn'tapplyitmechanically.②Wecansurelymakeadvances(advance)inbothknowledgeandabilityfromsocialpractice.③Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhere,youwouldbefined.④Ihadaskedeveryonetosubmitquestionsinadvanceofthemeeting.[写美]完成句子⑤Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.多亏了先进的技术，我们生活在一个通讯较为发达的时代。2．consistv．由……组成(教材P69)Itconsistedofaclosedspaceinwhichpeople,animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。(1)consistof＝becomposedof＝bemadeupof 由……构成，由……组成(表示整体由部分构成)(2)consistin 在于，存在于(3)consistwith 与……一致，与……相吻合(经典佳句)Moralitymayconsistsolelyinthecourageofmakingachoice.品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。[练透]单句语法填空①Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsisting(consist)ofheatdetectorsandsmokedetectors.②Thebeautyofthepictureconsistsinitsbalanceofcolors.③AsfarasIknow,heisamanwhoseactionsdonotconsistwithhispromises.[写美]一句多译④英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。→TheUKconsistsofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.→TheUKiscomposedofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.→TheUKismadeupofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.[名师指津]consistof一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态；其非谓语动词应用现在分词形式。3．exposev．使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验(教材P70)...wecaninferthattheMoonislessexposedtodangerousradiationthanMars.……我们可以推断，月球比火星暴露在危险的辐射下要少。(1)expose...to... 把……暴露在……，使……接触……exposeoneselfto... 接触……；使自己暴露于……(2)exposedadj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的beexposedto 接触……；暴露于(3)exposuren. 暴露(经典佳句)Ifyouexposeyourskintothesuntoolong,youwillgetsunburnt.如果你把皮肤暴露在阳光下太久，你会被晒伤的。[练透]单句语法填空①Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposed(expose)tothebadbooks,netandmagazines.②Thekidsshouldexposethemselves(they)toasmuchartandcultureaspossible.③Longexposure(expose)tonoisysurroundingsmayresultinsomephysicalandmentalproblems.[写美]完成句子④WewanttoexposethechildrentotraditionalChinesecultureasmuchaspossible.我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触中国传统文化。句型公式：替代词(教材P68)ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarthandhasanenvironmentlesshostilethanthatofotherplanets.最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。替代词that,those,it,one,ones的区别：(1)that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词”。(2)those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数名词”。(3)it表特指，用来指代上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数名词或不可数名词。(4)one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。代替复数名词时使用ones。(经典佳句)There'snogreaterhappinessthanthatofsucceedinginone'scareer.最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。[练透]选词填空：that,those,it,one,ones①Ican'tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.②Myunclegavemeapen.Ilikeitverymuch.③Thecomputersinyourofficearemoreexpensivethanthoseinourschool.④Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisverydifferentfromthatintheUK.⑤Iwanttobuysomeapples,theonesthatlookfresh.[写美]完成句子⑥TheweatherinBeijingismuchcoolerthanthatinNanjinginsummer.夏季，北京的天气比南京的天气凉爽得多。维度一品句填词1．Thefirefighter(消防队员)ranintotheburninghouseatallriskstosavethechild.2．Localresidentssaiditwasasiftherehadbeenanuclear(核武器的)explosion.3．Ifamachineisunmanned(无人操纵的),itdoesnothaveorneedapersontocontroloroperateit.4．Ifitrainedtomorrow,thesportswouldtakeplaceindoors(在室内)．5．Manufacturingindustry