新高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破浙京津鲁琼版讲义专题一语法填空第二部分第七节

第七节特殊句式1．China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizensoffersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案feeding解析考查状语从句的省略。句意为：中国在养活了全国人民的同时，又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了很有用的经验。while后面省略了Chinais,构成“连词＋现在分词”形式，故填feeding。2．Ordinarysoap，(use)correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)答案used解析考查状语从句的省略。usedcorrectly是ifitisusedcorrectly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。故填used。3．Inanyunsafesituation，simply(press)thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.(2018·北京)答案press解析此处是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下按钮，训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。故填press。4．Itcouldbeanything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—butwhateveritis，(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(2016·全国Ⅱ)答案make解析考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知，本句是but连接的并列句，结构为“陈述句＋but＋祈使句”。此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形make。1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句2．感叹句：记准what＋名词或名词词组，how＋adj./adv.①What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语(系动词)!②What＋adj.＋复数或不可数名词＋主语＋谓语(系动词)!③How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语(系动词)!④How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语(系动词)!3．状语从句的省略①when/while/after/until/till/if/unless/as(正如)/though等引导的状语从句中，从句的主语是it且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式时，省略主语和be动词，如ifso/not,ifever，ifany，ifpossible，ifconvenient等。②状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be可同时省略。1．Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccounttheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.(2019·天津)答案should解析考查倒装和情态动词。句意为：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝不应该使用手机。onnoaccount(绝不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应填should。2．ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousewesawLilyinthepassengerseat.(2018·天津)答案that解析句意为：直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。分析题干可知本句是一个强调句，被强调的是onlywhen引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构，可知填that。答案that解析考查强调句型。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将Itis/was与that去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“WhenIgotbacktomyapartment，Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。4．Notuntilrecentlytheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(2016·江苏)答案did解析考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Notuntilrecently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式，encourage表示的动作已经发生，用一般过去时，故填did。1．强调句①强调句型：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分(强调的部分是人，也可以用who，去掉itis/was和that仍然是个完整的句子)。Itis/wasnotuntil...that...是对notuntil引导的时间状语从句的强调。②对谓语动词的强调是do/does/did＋动词原形。2．部分倒装：①形式：助动词/系动词/情态动词提前到主语前面，后面动词恢复原形。3．完全倒装：谓语动词完全提前到主语前面。①here/there，up/down，now/then，in/out，away/off或者表地点的介词短语放句首时，用完全倒装。②therebe句型表客观存在性，there不能替换为they或it。be动词的数要和后面离它近的名词保持一致。如：Thereisachairandseveraltables.Thereareseveraltablesandachair.增分训练增分单句训练单句语法填空1．Itwasin1996Songquithisjobasaprofessorandpurchaseda200,000squaremeterplotoflandinamountainousforestarea.答案that2．Exceptionswillbeallowedforstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions，if______(prove)bymedicalstaff.答案proved/proven解析句意为：如经医务人员证明，患有某些身体或精神疾病的学生可获豁免。if引导的是省略句，省略了itis，it代指certainphysicalormentalconditions，与prove之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填proved/proven。3．unforgettabletheexperiencewas！答案How解析考查感叹句。结构为：How＋adj.＋主语＋谓语！句意为：真是一次难忘的经历呀！因为位于句首，首字母大写，故填How。4．Aroundthispoint(develop)thestory，whichishumorousandfullofastronglocalflavor.答案develops解析考查完全倒装。句意为：围绕这一点展开的故事，幽默风趣，充满浓郁的乡土气息。分析句子可知，aroundthispoint为表示地点的短语，同时主语不是人称代词，故需用完全倒装，把整个谓语放在主语之前。又因后文的is可知时态是一般现在时，主语story为单数形式，故填三单形式develops。5．Ifoundthecityfascinatingtotour，butitwasthedesertreallyappealedtome.答案that解析考查强调句型。把itwas和该空去掉，这个句子仍然结构完整，语义清晰，所以这个句子是一个强调句，所以填that。6．Ioftenwonderifitismistrustcausesmisunderstandingandconflictbetweenpeople.答案that解析考查强调句型。句意为：我经常想是不是不信任导致了人们之间的误解和冲突。本句考查了强调句型，强调的是名词mistrust，指物，使用that强调。故填that。增分写作训练——特殊句式在写作中的应用1．AsanEnglishmajor，mylearningexperiencecontributestomyfreecommunicationwithlocals.(用强调句型升级)(2019·全国Ⅰ)AsanEnglishmajor，itismylearningexperiencethatcontributestomyfreecommunicationwithlocals.2．Itwillnotonlybeagreatopportunityforyoutoshowyourexcellence，butalsowecancooperatewitheachothertowinourglory.(用notonly放句首的部分倒装句升级)(2019·全国Ⅱ)Notonlywillitbeagreatopportunityforyoutoshowyourexcellence，butalsowecancooperatewitheachothertowinourglory.3．Ifyouarewell-prepared，youwilldefinitelyfeelconfident.Therefore，youaremorelikelytoscoregoals.(用“only＋状语”放句首的部分倒装升级)(2019·全国Ⅱ)Onlyifyouarewell-preparedwillyoudefinitelyfeelconfident.Therefore，youaremorelikelytoscoregoals.4．Ifitisconvenient，pleasecomeandenjoytheappealingperformancestobeheldontheMusicFestival.(用状语从句的省略升级)(2019·全国Ⅲ)Ifconvenient，pleasecomeandenjoytheappealingperformancestobeheldontheMusicFestival.强化练(八)Ⅰ.语法填空AThepopulationofthemiluaroundChina’sPoyangLake1.(grow)from47to55sinceagroupoftheraredeerwasreleased(释放)thereaboutayearago.YangQibo，whoisinchargeofPoyangCounty’swildlifeprotectionstation，toldthepublicthattheyhadrecorded2.birthof8deeroverthepastyear.LastApril，3.(improve)biodiversityinthelocalwetlandecosystem，Chinareleased47deerintothewildaroundPoyangLake，thecountry’slargestfreshwaterlake.Thespecies’sudden4.(disappear)occurredaround1,000yearsagointhisarea.Localofficialssaidthedeeradaptedwelltothenewenvironmentandcoexisted5.(peaceful)withlocalvillagers.Wheneveradeer6.(spot)，villagerswouldalwaysreportittowildlifeauthorities.Thereweresomecases7.thevillagers’cropsweredamagedbythedeer，buttheyusuallychosetodrivethedeerawayinsteadofhurtingthem.Themilu，alsoknownasPèreDavid’sdeer，isnativetoChina.InChinaitbearsthe8.(humor)name“sibuxiang”or“likenoneofthefour”foritsuniquefeatures.Thewetlanddeerspeciesisput9.A-levelstateprotectionafteroverhuntingandhabitat(栖息地)lossledtoitsnearly10.(die)1．答案hasgrown解析考查时态和主谓一致。since引导的从句用了一般过去时，主句谓语动词的动作已经完成，故要用现在完成时。population作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词常用单数；若着眼于成员或个体，谓语动词常用复数。根据下文中的“from47to55”可知此处是作为一个整体看待，故此处用单数形式。2．答案the3．答案toimprove解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所在部分是非谓语动词短语，且作目的状语，故要填不定式。4．答案disappearance解析考查词性转换。此处作主语，要用名词形式disappearance。5．答案peacefully解析考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语动词coexisted，故用副词peacefully。6．答案wasspotted解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语adeer是单数，与谓语spot“发现”是被动关系，要用被动语态；再根据主句的时态可知，从句要用一般过去时。注意：spot的过去分词要双写t，再加-ed。7．答案where解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词cases，cases表示抽象的地点，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。8．答案humorous解析考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰name，故要用所给词的形容词形式humorous“诙谐的，滑稽有趣的”。9．答案under解析考查介词。under常与protection连用，表示“在……的保护下”，故要用介词under。10．答案dying解析考查非谓语动词。leadto中的to是介词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处是动名词的复合结构，故填dying。BItwassaidthatShennongtasted11.(vary)herbsinordertomasterthecharacteristicsofherbalmedicine.Hewaspoisonedsomeseventytimesadaybutwascuredbyaccidentallyeatingtealeaves.Sincethen，tea12.(become)oneofthemostpopulardrinksfirstinChinaandthenallovertheworld.Fromhistoricalrecords，teawasfamousasadrinkinthetimeofConfuciusandgrewin13.(popular)duringtheHanDynasty.BythetimeoftheTangDynastyteawasthenationaldrinkofChina,14.(spread)fromcourtcirclestobeingpopularthroughoutChinesesociety.Itwasduringthistime15.thepracticeofsendingthefinestteastotheemperor’scourtasatribute(贡品)tohimdeveloped.AncientTeaHorseRoad(茶马古道)wasatraderoutein16.past，connectingTibet，YunnanandSichuan.Ithadbeentheimportantpathalongwhichtea，horses，silkproductsandtraditionalChineseherbalmedicinewere17.(constant)transportedandtraded，alsoknown18.theSouthernSilkRoad.TodayChinaremainsoneofthelargest19.(provide)ofqualityteas.Greenteasrepresent75%to80%ofChina’scurrentconsumption.Therestoftheproductionofgreenteas，andlotsoftheblackteas20.(export)．eq\x(语篇解读本文是说明文，主要介绍了中国茶文化的历史和现状。)11．答案various解析考查词性转换。据说为了掌握草药的特性，神农尝过各种各样的药草。此处需用形容词various修饰名词herbs。12．答案hasbecome解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。自那时起，茶就首先在中国成了最受欢迎的饮料之一，随后在世界流行。根据句中的“Sincethen”可知，此处应用现在完成时。又因主语是第三人称单数，故填hasbecome。13．答案popularity解析考查词性转换。inpopularity受欢迎，流行，为固定短语。14．答案spreading解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，又spread与其逻辑主语tea之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作伴随状语。15．答案that解析考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，被强调部分为时间状语duringthistime，故空处应填that。16．答案the解析考查冠词。inthepast在过去，为固定短语。17．答案constantly解析考查词性转换。此处应用副词constantly“经常地，持续不断地”作状语修饰从句的谓语动词。18．答案as解析考查介词。beknownas...作为……而出名，为固定用法。19．答案providers解析考查名词单复数。今天中国仍然是最大的上乘茶叶供应国之一。此处为固定结构“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。故空处应填providers。20．答案areexported解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，此处表示一种客观情况，故应用一般现在时；主语Therestoftheproductionofgreenteas，andlotsoftheblackteas为复数，谓语动词应用复数；又export与主语之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2019·宁夏银川一中二模)FabienCousteauwasbornwithdeeplovefortheocean.Hisgrandfatherandhisfatherwereoceanexplorersanddocumentaryfilmmakers.Fabienspenthisearlyyearsonhisgrandfather’sships.Today，Fabienfollowsinhisfamily’sfootstepstoprotecttheplanet’sendangeredoceanlife.Withhisvastknowledgeandexperience，hetriestostrikeabalancebetweenenvironmentalproblemsandmarketeconomies.Fabieniswellknownforhisstudyofsharks.During2000－2002，hecreatedaTVspecialcalledAttackoftheMysterySharkbasedonthesharkattacksthatoccurredalongtheNewJerseyshorelineinthesummerof1916.Thenin2003－2006，withthehelpofalargecrew，Fabiencreatedasharksubmarine(潜水艇)thatenabledhimtoputhimselfinsidethesharkworld，providingpeoplewitharareviewofthemysteriousandoftenmisunderstoodcreatures.Forthenextfouryears(2006－2010)，Fabienwaspartofaseriescalled，OceanAdventures，whichofferedararelookintosomeofthemostfantasticoceanspecies(物种)andenvironments.In2010，Fabienstarted“PlantAFish”，anonprofitprojectforchildrentohelprestorelocalwaterecosystemsbyreplantingkeyoceanspecies.Savetheworld，onefishatatime.Theprojectisstillinprogressnowanditsfinalgoalistoplant1billion“fish”worldwide.FromJune1toJuly2,2014，Fabienandhisteamspent31daysunderwatertoresearchhowclimatechangeandpollutionareaffectingtheoceans.Fabien’sMission31brokenewgroundbygoingdeeper，longerandfurther，exposing(显露)theworldtotheadventureandthemystique(神秘)ofwhatliesbeneath.FabieniscurrentlyworkingonadocumentaryfilmabouttheadventuresofMission31，aswellasbuildinganOceanLearningCentertoprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwiththeopportunitytolearnaboutoceansandengagewithoceanexplorersdirectlythroughsocialmedia.语篇解读文章主要介绍了着名的摄影师FabienCousteau，他子承父业拍摄海洋生物纪录片，并为保护海洋生态环境做出了一系列的努力。21．WhatisNOTFabien’sjob?A．Oceanexplorer.B．Documentaryfilmmaker.C．Environmentalist.D．Mediamanager.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，他是一位海洋探险者；根据最后一段内容可知，他是一位纪录片制作人；根据第一段内容可知，他是一位环保人士；但文中没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。22．HowisParagraph2developed?A．Byprovidingfacts.B．Byofferinganalyses.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bydrawingconclusions.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fabieniswellknownforhisstudyofsharks.During2000－2002...Thenin2003－2006...”可知。该段是用列举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。23．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A．Fabien’s“PlantAFish”projecthasalreadyachieveditsfinalgoalB．Fabien’sMission31broketherecordsofformeroceanexplorationsC．Fabien’sTVspecialaboutsharksisbasedonhischildhoodexperiencesD．ittookFabienfouryearstoproduceOceanAdventuresallonhisown答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Fabien’sMission31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘展示给了世人。也就是说Fabien’sMission31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。24．Inwhichpartofawebsitecanwereadthetext?A．ModernTechnology.B．SpaceExploration.C．OutstandingFigures.D．FantasticWildlife.答案C解析文章出处题。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献可推断，该文章属于人物类短文。故选C。BJudyWrightandherhusbanddecidedtomoveclosertotheirson，Chris，wholivedinGeorgia.Aboutamonthafterthemove，Judyfellill，sufferingfromherongoingbattleagainstParkinson’sdisease.Herconditionworsenedrapidlyandsherequiredmedicalcareathome.Thefamilyhiredanursingaidwhocanceledatthelastminute.Instead，awomannamedTunDeHectorshowedupinherplace.Oneday，TunDesharedastorywithJudyandherfamily.Sherememberedaparticularlydifficultdayin2014，whenastrangerhadhelpedherwithakindgesture.Shehadrunoutofgas，andwithonly$5inherpocket，waswalkingtoagasstation，gascaninhand.Amansawherwalkingandturnedhiscararound.Hepaidforhergasandgaveherallthecashleftinhiswallet.Uponhearingthestory，Judy’sson，Chris，tookoffhishatandsaid，“Thatwasme！”HewasthestrangerthathadhelpedTunDeonthatdifficultday.DuringthecareofJudy，theWrightfamilylearnedaboutTunDe’sfamilyandherowndream.Thenursingaid，TunDehopedthatonedayshecouldbecomeanOB-GYNnurse.Hertuitionwaspastdueandshehadafamilytocarefor，butshewasdeterminedtoachievethatgoalforherselfandherfamily.JudydiedonJuly9,2017.Insteadofflowers，herfamilyaskedmournerstodonatetoTunDe’seducation，toassistherinpayingforhernursingschool.Inlessthanaweek，theyraisedmorethan$8,000andpresentedherwiththesurprisecheck.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个善有善报的故事。)25．WhydidJudy’sfamilychooseTunDeintheend?A．Tohelpherwithakindgesture.B．Toreplaceanothernursingaid.C．TolookafterJudyinthehospital.D．TogiveJudythebestmedicalcare.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，朱迪病情急剧恶化，所以需要请家庭护工，但是原本说好的护工在最后一刻反悔了，这时通德出现代替了原本的护工，故答案为B。26．HowmightChrisfeelwhenhearingTunDe’sstory?A．Shocked. B．Thrilled.C．Puzzled. D．Delighted.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thatwasme”后的感叹号，再结合文意可知，通德分享了自己之前被一个陌生人帮助的故事，克里斯意识到这个陌生人碰巧是自己，由此可推断克里斯非常震惊，故选A。thrilled兴奋的；puzzled迷惑不解的；delighted高兴的。27．HowdidtheWrightfamilyhelpTunDeafterJudy’sdeath?A．Theypaidforhereducation.B．Theyhelpedcareforherfamily.C．Theyhelpedherrealizeherdream.D．Theyboughtherasurprisepresent.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，朱迪的家人请求吊唁者不要送花，而是捐款给通德，以帮助她上护理学校实现自己的梦想，故答案为C。28．Whatdoesthewholestorymainlytellus?A．Kindnesscomesfullcircle.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Thetruthneverfearsinvestigation.D．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，克里斯几年之前帮助过通德，后来通德又帮助照顾克里斯生病的母亲，克里斯的母亲去世后，他们一家又帮助通德实现梦想，由此可知本文主要讲述：善有善报。故选A。Ⅲ.七选五Nothingismoreimportanttoacademicachievementthanbeingagoodreader.Parentsknowtheirchildrenbestandcanprovidetheone-on-onetimeandattentionthatwillleadthemtosuccessinreading.29.Setasidea“ReadingTime”dailyStudiesshowthatregularlyreadingoutloudtochildrenwillproducesignificantgainsinreadingcomprehension.Whetheryourchildrenarepreschoolersorpreteens，itwillincreasetheirdesiretoreadindependently.SurroundkidswithreadingmaterialsChildrenwithalargenumberofreadingmaterialsintheirhomesscorehigheronstandardizedtests.Attractyourkidstoreadingbyhavingalargesupplyofappealingbooksandmagazinesattheirreadinglevel.30.Makeitafullpartofchildren’slives.HavefamilyreadingtimeSetadaily15-to-30-minutetimewheneveryoneinthefamilyreadstogethersilently.31.Just15minutesofdailypracticeisenoughtoincreasetheirreadingfluency.Encouragerea